UPlato

UPlato - Isazi sefilosofi sasendulo esingumGreki, umfundi kaSocrates kanye nothisha ka-Aristotle. UPlato uyisazi sefilosofi sokuqala imisebenzi yakhe engazange igcinwe emavesini amafushane acashunwe ngabanye, kodwa ngokugcwele.

Ku-biography kaPlato, kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ahlobene nempilo yakhe kanye nemibono yefilosofi.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaPlato.

Umlando kaPlato

Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kukaPlato alukaziwa. Kukholakala ukuthi wazalwa ekuqaleni kuka-429 kanye no-427 BC. e. e-Athene, futhi mhlawumbe esiqhingini sase-Aegina.

Phakathi kwababhali bokuphila kukaPlato, izingxabano ngegama lefilosofi azikapheli. Ngokusho komunye umbono, empeleni wayebizwa ngo-Aristocles, kuyilapho uPlato eyisidlaliso sakhe.

Ubuntwana nentsha

UPlato wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ohloniphekile.

Ngokomlando, ubaba wesazi sefilosofi, u-Ariston, wayevela emndenini kaCodra - umbusi wokugcina wase-Attica. Unina kaPlato, uPeriktion, wayeyinzalo kasopolitiki odumile wase-Athene kanye nembongi uSolon.

Abazali besazi sefilosofi babenentombazane uPotona nabafana ababili - uGlavkon no-Adimant.

Zonke izingane ezine zika-Ariston noPeriktion zithole imfundo ejwayelekile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umeluleki kaPlato kwakungu-pre-Socratic Cratilus, owayengumlandeli wezimfundiso zikaHeraclitus wase-Efesu.

Esifundweni sakhe, uPlato wakwazi ukubhala izincwadi nobuciko bokubuka ngaphezu kwakho konke. Kamuva, waba nentshisekelo yokulwa nomkhalambazo waze wahlanganyela nasemidlalweni yama-Olympic.

Uyise kaPlato wayengusopolitiki owayelwela inhlalakahle yezwe lakhe kanye nezakhamizi zalo.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, u-Ariston wayefuna indodana yakhe ibe ngusopolitiki. Nokho, lo mbono uPlato akazange awuthande kakhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, wakujabulela kakhulu ukubhala izinkondlo nemidlalo.

Ngesinye isikhathi, uPlato wahlangana nendoda evuthiwe eyaqala inkhulumomphendvulwano nayo. Kwamhlaba umxhwele ukucabanga komuntu owayekhuluma naye waze waba yinjabulo engachazeki. Lomfokazi kwakunguSocrates.

Ifilosofi nemibono

Imibono kaSocrates yayihluke kakhulu emibonweni yangaleso sikhathi. Ezimfundisweni zakhe, okwakugcizelelwa kakhulu ekwazini imvelo yomuntu.

UPlato wazilalela ngokucophelela izinkulumo zesazi sefilosofi, ezama ukungena ngokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka emongweni wazo. Ubalule kaningi ukubonakala kwakhe emisebenzini yakhe.

Ngo-399 BC. USocrates wagwetshwa intambo, esolwa ngokungazihloniphi izithixo nokuthuthukisa inkolo entsha eyonakalisa intsha. Isazi sefilosofi savunyelwa ukwenza inkulumo yokuzivikela, ngaphambi kwesigwebo sentambo ngendlela yokuphuza ushevu.

Ukubulawa komeluleki kwaba nomthelela omkhulu kuPlato, owayezonda intando yeningi.

Ngokushesha lo mcabangi wahamba waya emadolobheni ahlukene nasemazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wakwazi ukuxhumana nabalandeli abaningi bakaSocrates, kufaka phakathi u-Euclid noTheodore.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPlato waxhumana nezimfihlakalo namaKaledi, okwamenza wathandeka ngefilosofi yaseMpumalanga.

Ngemuva kokuhamba ibanga elide, le ndoda yafika eSicily. Kanye nomholi wezempi wendawo uDionysius the Elder, waqala ukuthola umbuso omusha lapho amandla aphakeme ayengaba yizazi zefilosofi.

Nokho, amacebo kaPlato ayengahloselwe ukugcwaliseka. UDionysius wavela waba nguzwilakhe owayezonda "isimo" sikacabangi.

Ebuyela e-Athene yangakubo, uPlato wenza izichibiyelo maqondana nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sombuso esihle.

Umphumela walokhu kucabanga kwaba ukuvulwa kwe-Academy, lapho uPlato aqala khona ukuqeqesha abalandeli bakhe. Ngakho-ke, kwakhiwa inhlangano entsha yenkolo nefilosofi.

UPlato unikeze abafundi ulwazi ngezingxoxo, okuthi, ngokombono wakhe, zivumele umuntu ukuthi alazi iqiniso ngaphezu kwakho konke.

Othisha nabafundi be-Academy bahlala ndawonye. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi u-Aristotle odumile naye wayengowokuzalwa e-Academy.

Imibono nokutholakele

Ifilosofi kaPlato isuselwa kumcabango kaSocrates, okusho ukuthi ulwazi lweqiniso lungenzeka kuphela maqondana nemiqondo engeyona eye-subjective, eyakha izwe elizimele lokuzibandakanya, elihlala nomhlaba onengqondo.

Ukuba yi-essences ephelele, i-eidos (imibono), engathonyelwa isikhala nesikhathi. Ama-Eidos azimele, ngakho-ke, kuphela angaqashelwa.

Emibhalweni kaPlato "Critias" no "Timaeus" umlando we-Atlantis, okuyisizwe esikahle, uqala ukuhlangana nawo.

UDiogenes waseSinop, owayengumlandeli wesikole samaCynic, wangena ezingxoxweni ezishubile noPlato. Nokho, uDiogenes waphikisana nabanye ongqondongqondo abaningi.

UPlato wakulahla ukugqama kwemizwelo, ekholelwa ukuthi ayilethi lutho oluhle kumuntu. Ezincwadini zakhe, wayevame ukuchaza ubudlelwano phakathi kobulili obuqinile nobuthakathaka. Yilapho-ke lapho kuvela khona umqondo othi "platonic love".

Ukuze abafundi beze emakilasini ngesikhathi, uPlato wasungula umshini osuselwa ewashini lamanzi, owawunikeza isignali ngesikhathi esithile. Yasungulwa kanjalo iwashi lokuqala le-alamu.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

UPlato wakhuthaza ukwenqatshwa kwempahla yomuntu siqu. Futhi, washumayela umphakathi wamakhosikazi, amadoda nezingane.

Ngenxa yalokho, bonke abesifazane nezingane baba ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukukhetha unkosikazi oyedwa ePlato, njengoba nje kungenakwenzeka ukunquma ngokunembile izingane zakhe eziphilayo.

Ukufa

Ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, uPlato wasebenza encwadini entsha ethi, "On the Good as such", eyahlala ingakaqedwa.

Isazi sefilosofi sife ngokwemvelo, siphile impilo ende neyanelisayo. UPlato wafa ngo-348 (noma ngo-347) ngaphambi kukaKhristu, esephile iminyaka engaba ngu-80.