Kwakulula kakhulu kokhokho bethu ukufunda amakhono kanye nemigomo yemizimba yabo. Onkulunkulu banikeze i-Vigilant Falcon ukubona okuhle kakhulu, i-White Owl imhlophe futhi ibona kahle kusihlwa. Imilenze esheshayo nezandla eziqinile, ingqondo eqinile kanye nokusabela okuhle kakhulu - yonke intando yonkulunkulu.
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi jikelele kanye nemithi ikakhulukazi, abantu baqala ukufunda eminye yemithetho yomzimba womuntu, kepha lonke ulwazi lwatholwa ngokufunda ukusabela okulula. Ngale ndlela, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi kungani inhliziyo ishaya noma ukudla kuhamba ngezitho zokugaya ukudla. Okunye ukuqonda komsebenzi womzimba njengohlelo olubalulekile kwavela kuphela ngekhulu lamashumi amabili.
Umzimba womuntu uyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuba ososayensi abakakatholi ngempela ukuthi usebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani usebenza nokuthi ungalungiswa kanjani uma wephuka. Inqubekela phambili, ayimi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isiqondiso sokuhamba kwayo siyangabazeka. E-USA naseNtshonalanga Yurophu eminyakeni yamuva nje, umqondo wokujwayeleka kwalabo okuthiwa. "Izifo ezingathathelani". Kungabonakala sengathi leli yigama elisha nje ekwahlukanisweni kwezifo, akukho lutho olukhulu. Kepha empeleni, kulesi sigaba, kanye nokungezwani komzimba ne-autism, ukucindezeleka, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nezinye izifo ezingabazisayo kufakiwe. Ngokwe-WHO, bangu-63% abantu emhlabeni abahlushwa yizifo ezinjalo ezingathathelwani. Izifo ezinempilo, kuvela, cishe azitholi. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane efanayo ye-WHO nayo icaphuna isibalo - iminyaka eyishumi ukwelashwa kwalesi sibhedlela somhlaba wonke kuzothatha (kuzokhishwa emaphaketheni "Abagulayo") ama-trillion ama-47.
Ngokuvamile, uma ungena ngokucophelela emzimbeni womuntu, ungathola kuwo okuningi okuthakazelisayo, okuwusizo, okuzuzisayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi okungaqondakali.
1. Noma yikuphi, ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane kakhulu komzimba womuntu kubangelwa ukuqunjelwa kwemisipha, nakho okwenzeka ngenxa yamandla kagesi adluliselwa emithanjeni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, babengazi ngempela ngohlobo lwale nto, kepha odokotela base bevele bathole umphumela wamandla kagesi emisipheni (ixoxo elibi uLuigi Galvani). Emazweni aseYurophu, umphakathi okhanyisiwe wakhokha imali eningi futhi wagcwalisa amatiyetha yokwakheka ukuze babuke umbukiso kagesi. Ngaphansi kwethonya likagesi, izidumbu zezigebengu zombuso zavula amehlo, zagoba izingalo nemilenze, zanyakazisa iminwe yazo zaze zaphefumula.
2. Umsunguli we-mercury thermometer Sanctoritus waba ngowokuqala ukucabanga ngeqiniso lokuthi isisindo somuntu siyashintsha ngesikhathi esifushane. Lo dokotela wase-Italy wahlanganisa izikali ezikhethekile akhombisa ngazo ngokusobala ukuthi umuntu wehlisa isisindo, ngisho nasesimweni esipholile, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokujuluka kakhulu. Kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi esimweni sezulu esibandayo esomile umuntu ukhipha cishe i-80 g yesikhutha ngosuku, okungenani u-150 g wamanzi ngokuphefumula futhi okungenani ngama-250 g ngenxa yokuhwamuka komjuluko. Ukwenza umsebenzi onzima womzimba emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, umuntu angakhipha kuze kufike kumalitha ama-4 omjuluko ngehora. Ukwehla kwesisindo ezimweni eziningi kusho ukuthi amanoni nemisipha kuqala ukukhipha amanzi angene egazini, kunciphise isisindo sawo kanye nesisindo somzimba jikelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho umuntu esebenzisa uketshezi oluningi endaweni esezingeni elijwayelekile egazini, amanzi amaningi ngokweqile angena emisipheni nakwizicubu ze-adipose.
I-Sactorithus esikalini sayo
3. Ngo-1950 - 1960 indoda yaseFrance u-Alain Bombard yathola ukuthandwa umhlaba wonke. Udokotela waseFrance uzame ukufakazela ukuthi amatilosi aphuka imikhumbi yawo awazange abulawe indlala noma ukoma, kodwa ngenxa yokwethuka nokungakwazi ukuzibamba. I-adventure kaBombar yakhuthazwa ngenkuthalo eSoviet Union - umFulentshi onobungane wakhulisa ububanzi bamakhono abantu, njll. Empeleni, uhambo lukaBombar lwacishe lwaphela ngokufa kwakhe. Eswele amanzi emzimbeni, ezacile, ehlushwa ukusangana kabi, wathathwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-65 eqale ukubhukuda. Ngayo yonke imizamo yomuthi wangaleso sikhathi, uBombar akazange aqede izinkinga zempilo kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. Ngokwethiyori, amanzi olwandle ahlanzekile awakhama enhlanzini ebanjiwe aba nosawoti omningi emzimbeni womuntu, owathinta kabi isimo cishe sazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi.
U-Alain Bombard ekuqaleni kwe-adventure yakhe
4. Izidakamizwa zangasese zabantu zikhona empeleni. Manje-ke bona abahlaseli abanye abantu ngenhloso yokuphuza igazi, kepha empeleni bahlushwa yilanga kuze kube seqophelweni lezicubu zomzimba, futhi badinga igazi elisha ngempela. I-Porphyria yigama lesifo esingajwayelekile sesibindi lapho i-hemoglobin ingahlanganiswa kahle. Kulezi zinsuku, bafunde ukubhekana nakho ngosizo lwemijovo ye-hemoglobin. Futhi eNkathini Ephakathi, abantu abanjalo bangaba ngumthombo wezinganekwane ezimbi - ukuphuza igazi, yize i-hemoglobin ingamunci kahle esiswini, ikukhulula ngempela ukuhlupheka kweziguli ezine-porphyria, futhi ukuhlaselwa ukuqeda ukoma okunjalo kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuzalaniswa okuhlobene eduze emiphakathini evaliwe, ama-vampire angaba yindawo evamile.
5. Ukulala kuyadingeka kumuntu kanye nokudla namanzi. Ukuncishwa ubuthongo kubhekwa njengendlela esheshayo nethembekile yokuvimbela intando yomuntu. I-psychophysiology yokulala ayikakafundwa ngokwanele, ngakho-ke odokotela kwesinye isikhathi abakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi basinda kanjani abantu abalele iminyaka bengalalanga. Okudume kakhulu kubo kungabhekwa njengo-Yakov Tsiperovich. Ngemuva kokushona emtholampilo ngo-1979, wayeka ngokuphelele ukulala. Ekuqaleni, uJakobe wahlushwa ukuqwasha okukhulu, kepha umzimba, ngokusobala, wakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nawo. Isinxephezelo sokushoda kokulala sithuthukisiwe ukusebenza ngokomzimba futhi kwehlisa ukuguga komzimba.
Phineas Gage. Ucezu lokuqiniswa lwahlala ekhanda lakhe.
6. Ukulimala kobuchopho akuholeli ekufeni njalo. Icala elaziwa kakhulu likaPhineas Gage, owalahlekelwa u-11% wezinto ezimhlophe no-4% we-cerebral cortex ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka - isiqeshana sokuqiniswa esinobubanzi obungu-3 cm ekhanda lakhe. Abakwazanga ukususa ukuqiniswa, futhi waletha nokutheleleka emzimbeni kaGage. Kodwa-ke, uPhineas wagijima wabuyela empilweni ejwayelekile. Usebenze njengomqeqeshi wesiteki, futhi isikhathi esithile wasuka e-United States waya eChile, wabe eseqala ukulima futhi wafa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-12 ngemuva kokulimala.
7. Endaweni efanayo, e-USA, odokotela basusa indawo yobuchopho yomfana engakwesobunxele - ngenxa yokulimala kokuzalwa ekuxhumaneni kwama-hemispheres, ingane yahlaselwa yisifo sokuwa, futhi ukukhula kwayo kwancipha - lapho ineminyaka engu-8 yayingakwazi ukubiza igama elithi "mama". Ngemuva kokususwa kwengxenye yobuchopho, ukuquleka kwaphela, nokukhula kwengane kwashesha, yize wayesele ngemuva kontanga bakhe kude kakhulu.
8. Ubude bezinzwa ezisemzimbeni womuntu bungamakhilomitha angama-75. Imfutho idluliselwa ngabo ngejubane lama-270 km / h. Amaseli emizwa abuyiselwe kakhulu - avele amiselelwe amanye.
9. Njengoba wazi, umzimba womuntu usabela kabuhlungu kakhulu ngisho nasekukhuphukeni okuncane kwezinga lokushisa. Kunalokho, ngisho nokwenyuka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa kuyisibonakaliso semiphumela emibi emzimbeni. Ukushisa kuka-42 ° kubhekwa njengokucindezelayo - amangqamuzana obuchopho alawula umzimba awakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okunjalo. Ngo-1980, isiguli esinezinga lokushisa elingu-46.7 ° sayiswa esibhedlela e-American Atlanta. Yize kwakusekuphakameni kwehlobo, kwakungekho ukushisa nomswakama othile, azikho izifo ezitholakele kuWillie Jones, wayiswa esibhedlela esazi. Odokotela bambuka izinsuku ezingama-24 bamvumela ukuthi aye ekhaya, bengatholi ncazelo ngokwenzeka kwakhe.
10. Izinsana ziqala ukondliwa ezinyangeni eziyi-4-6, hhayi ngoba "isikhathi" noma ukuqala kwesigaba esikhethekile ekukhuleni. Kunensimbi encane kakhulu obisini lwebele, oludingekayo ekukhuleni komzimba wengane. Imvelo ikuhlinzekele lokhu - emavikini okugcina okukhulelwa, umbungu uqoqa insimbi ukuze ungawudingi ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Isabelo sanele izinyanga ezimbalwa, bese kuba yisikhathi sokuthola insimbi ekudleni okungeziwe.
11. "Ama-50 shades of grey" akude nomkhawulo. Iso lingahlukanisa kuze kufike kuma-500 shades alo mbala. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuze kufike ku-8% wamadoda kanye no-0.8% wabesifazane abangaboni kahle ngombala - banokubandlululwa okuncane noma abanawo umbala. Umuntu ophilile ngokwesilinganiso angahlukanisa imibala efinyelela ku-100,000, uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe aze afike esigidini. Kwabesifazane, kukhona okungajwayelekile kwezakhi zofuzo - isigaxa esengeziwe se-retinal. Abesifazane abanjalo bahlukanisa amashumi ezigidi zemibala.
Isitatimende esiphindaphindwa: "Umuntu usebenzisa ubuchopho bakhe ngo-10% kuphela" siyiqiniso encazelweni yaso eqondile futhi silinganisela ebuthutha kumbhalo osetshenzisiwe: "Kodwa uma kuphela ngokugcwele, ube-oh-ho!" Ngempela, ukuxazulula noma iyiphi inkinga eyodwa, sisebenzisa ingxenye eyodwa kwezishumi yemithombo yobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka egumbini elingalodwa elingenayo into yangaphandle. Ifana nomculo noma i-TV. Ukuthayipha umbhalo kukhibhodi, umuntu ungqongqoza okhiye njengokungathi uyimishini, kepha izinsiza zobuchopho zisabandakanyeka, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele ubheke ukuqapha. Futhi ngaphandle kwewindi, isitimela esingaphansi komhlaba siyaduma, ubuchopho buyaphawula ... Ngokwenzayo, ubuchopho busebenza ngamakhono ayo angama-30-50%, u-10% uzinikele kuphela emsebenzini omkhulu. Ngeke kwenzeke ukusebenzisa i-100% yamandla obuchopho ngezizathu zomzimba kuphela - lokhu kusebenza kahle akwenzeki. Ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwanoma yini enomthwalo omkhulu ngokungenakugwenywa kuholela ekuwohlokeni nokwehluleka.
Kukhulise ukusebenza kobuchopho
13. Iqanda yiseli elikhethekile kunawo wonke emzimbeni womuntu, kanti isidoda yisona esincane kunazo zonke. Owokuqala ngama-microns ayi-130, owesibili angama-microns angama-55. Ngasikhathi sinye, isidoda sesidoda ngenkathi sithuthuka sinosayizi omkhulu kakhulu, kepha ekupheleni kokuvuthwa kubonakala sengathi sicindezelwe, sihlinzeka ngejubane eliphakeme lokunyakaza empini yokukhulelwa.
14. Iqanda nalo lihamba phambili ngezindleko. Ungathola cishe u- $ 900 ngayo. Umnikeli wesidoda angathola leli nani eminyakeni embalwa kuphela.
Cishe u-7-15% wabantu bangamanxele. Ukusabalala okukhulu kwezibalo kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi kuze kube muva nje abantu abangakwesobunxele esikoleni babephoqelelwa ngenkani kulabo abanesandla sokudla, manje isibalo sabantu isandla sabo sobunxele okuyisona “main” sanda njalo. Isilinganiso sabanobunxele nabaphatha kwesokudla sishintshile ezikhathini zomlando ezinde. Ku-Stone Age, abasesandleni sobunxele nabaphethe kwesokudla babehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo. Ngokufika kwamathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe kanye nokwenziwa kwabasebenzi, inani labantu abasebenzisa isandla sobunxele lehlile - eBronze Age kwakukhona cishe ama-30% kuphela. Izakhi zofuzo ekukhulelweni nasekuzalweni kwabanobunxele ziqine ngamandla amakhulu. Abazali ababili abangakwesobunxele banamathuba angama-46% okubeletha umuntu ongakwesobunxele, umbhangqwana ongakwesobunxele ngu-17%, kanti nababili abangakwesokudla banethuba elingu-2% lokuzala ozala. Ama-Lefties angabantu abanekhono lokudala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlangana kwama-cerebral hemispheres nezinzwa nezitho zomzimba - kwabanikela ngakwesobunxele, ukuxhumana okunjalo kuyehluka kakhulu. Kepha abantu abangakwesokudla baphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-9 ubude.
Izinsalela ezidumile
16. Umbala wezinwele zabantu unqunywa ngezingulube ezimbili kuphela: i-pheomelanin ebomvu ne-eumelanin emnyama. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abamhlophe emhlabeni kunabantu abanezinwele ezimnyama, futhi umbala wezinwele wemvelo onqabile ubomvu. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, izinwele eziyi-9 kwezingu-10 ziyakhula, futhi uma izinwele zinde, ziyakhula kancane. Umuntu ojwayelekile ulahlekelwa yizinwele ezingafika ku-150 ngosuku, kuyilapho entsha iqala ukukhula ngokushesha kusuka kusihluthu sezinwele ezilahlekile (ngaphandle kwalapho kungekho zifo). Sekukonke, kukhula izinwele ezifika ku-150,000 ekhanda lomuntu, kanti abantu abanezinwele ezilinganayo banezinwele ezingaphansi kakhulu.
17. Ama-erythrocyte - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi - akhiwa kakhulu yi-hemoglobin. I-erythrocyte ngayinye iphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe izinsuku eziyi-125, ithwala i-carbon dioxide emaphashini, ne-oxygen ezicutshini. Umzuzwana ngamunye, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ayizigidi ezi-2,5 abhujiswa esibindi nasengqeleni, kodwa leli nani alinakwa - amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphindwe kabili aphuma ku-millimeter yegazi elilodwa.
18. Ingxenye enkulu yegazi ngeyunithi ngesisindo nganoma yimuphi umzuzu isezinso, enhliziyweni nasebuchosheni. Isibindi, okubonakala sengathi sinesibopho segazi, sinegazi laso eliphindwe kabili kuphela kunasemisipheni ejwayelekile ene-striated.
19. Abakhiqizi besinkwa sikakotini, amasoseji enjoloba, ushizi onentambo nezinye izinto ezijabulisayo zempucuko esheshe inyamalale bangamukela isiqubulo esithi: "Yidla i-NN - isidumbu sakho sizobola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi!" Kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule, abasebenzi basemathuneni baqaphele ukuthi izidumbu ezingcwatshiwe seziqale ukubola kancane kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yesimanje isebenza ngempumelelo njengezinto zokuvikela umzimba womuntu.
20. Ngokombono wamakhemikhali, umzimba womuntu uqukethe cishe izakhi ezingama-60, futhi le nombolo ingashintsha. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye yengonyama yesisindo somzimba yi-oxygen, i-hydrogen, i-carbon, i-nitrogen, i-calcium ne-phosphorus. Zonke ezinye izinto zibalwa ngokuphelele ngo-1.5%. Uma ngokuzenzisa uthengisa umzimba womuntu ngokuwuqaqa ube yizinto, ungathola cishe u- $ 145 - ngemuva kwakho konke, singamanzi angama-90%. Imikhiqizo esimweni somzimba womuntu iyimiyalo yobukhulu ebiza kakhulu kunezinto zokusetshenziswa. Uma umuntu ophilile "ehlukaniswe izingxenye", ungathola cishe u- $ 150 wezigidi. Okubiza kakhulu yi-DNA (cishe u-7.5 amagremu angakhishwa ngo- $ 1.3 million ngegramu ngalinye) nomnkantsha wamathambo.
