I-Terracotta Army ibhekwa ngokufanele njengeNdawo yamaGugu yoMhlaba ye-UNESCO, ngoba ngeke uthole itshe lesikhumbuzo elinjalo kwenye indawo. Amaqhawe, amahhashi nezinqola zoMbusi uQin Shi Huang afakazela amandla akhe. Nokho, kukholelwa ukuthi wayengumuntu umbusi okuqhubekayo kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe, njengoba, ngokwesiko, konke okuyigugu kakhulu wangcwatshwa kanye nombusi, kuhlanganise nabantu, futhi ibutho lakhe elikhulu kuphela ebaziwe.
Ngabe ibutho laseTerracotta libukeka kanjani?
Amasosha atholakele atholakala ngaphansi kweNtaba yaseLishan, ebukeka njengedolobha elingcwatshwe elinenani elikhulu lezinto zomlando ezibalulekile. Phakathi kwezifanekiso, kukhona hhayi kuphela amasosha, kodwa futhi namahhashi, kanye nezinqola ezihlotshisiwe. Indoda ngayinye nehhashi lenziwa ngesandla, amaqhawe anezici zobuso ezikhethekile, ezihlukile, ngamunye unesikhali sakhe: imicibisholo, izinkemba, imikhonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho kunamadoda ahamba ngezinyawo, abagibeli bamahhashi nezikhulu ezigabeni, ezingalandelwa ngokuningiliziwe kwezembatho, imininingwane yazo eyenzelwa imininingwane emincane kakhulu.
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kwenziwa yini lonke ibutho lamatshe lezithombe ze-terracotta. Yenziwe ngobumba, kepha amasosha alethwa evela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe, ngoba iningi lawo lihlukile ekubunjweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, amahhashi enziwa ngohlobo oluthathwe eNtabeni iLishan. Isizathu salokhu isisindo sabo esiphakeme, esingaxaka kakhulu ezokuhamba. Isisindo esivamile samahhashi singaphezu kwama-200 kg, futhi isibalo somuntu silinganiselwa ku-130 kg. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izithombe buyafana: banikezwa ukwakheka okufunwayo, bese kubhakwa, kumbozwe ngucwecwe okhethekile nopende.
Umlando wokubonakala komngcwabo omkhulu
Akungabazeki ukuthi amasosha atholakala kuliphi izwe, ngoba eChina ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyisiko ukungcwaba konke okwakubaluleke kakhulu kuye ephila nombusi ongasekho. Kungalesi sizathu ukuthi umbusi wokuqala wobukhosi bakwaQin, eneminyaka eyi-13, wacabanga ukuthi ithuna lakhe lizobukeka kanjani, futhi waqala ukwakhiwa okukhulu kwaleli thuna.
Ukubusa kwakhe kungabizwa njengokubalulekile emlandweni waseChina, njengoba wahlanganisa imibuso elwayo, waqeda isikhathi sobudlova, ukuphanga nokuqhekeka. Njengesibonakaliso sobukhulu bakhe, wabhidliza zonke izikhumbuzo ezisukela esikhathini ngaphambi kokubusa kwakhe, futhi washisa imibhalo yesandla echaza inkambo yezikhathi zokuqala. Kusukela ngo-246 BC ukwakhiwa kwaqala ethuneni laseQin Shi Huang futhi kwaqedwa ngo-210 BC, ngenkathi kubekwa umbusi lapho ngemuva kokufa kwakhe.
Sincoma ukufunda ngethempeli laseZulwini.
Ngokomlando, ekuqaleni wayehlela ukungcwaba amasosha angama-4000 kanye naye, kepha inani lombuso lalivele lincane kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yezimpi ezingapheli. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho athola khona umqondo wokuthi abeke ibutho leTerracotta naye, ngenkathi bekufanele lifane nebutho langempela. Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi mangaki amaqhawe abekwa ethuneni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi zingaphezu kwezi-8,000 zazo, kodwa kusengenzeka kube nezimfihlakalo eziningi ezingakaxazululwa ezifihlwe ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwebutho lakhe, umbusi omkhulu wangcwaba naye izancinza zakhe, kanye nabasebenzi ababalelwa ku-70,000 abasebenza ekwakhiweni kwetshe lesikhumbuzo. Ukwakhiwa kwethuna kwahlala iminyaka engama-38, ubusuku nemini, ngenxa yalokho kwalula cishe ikhilomitha elilodwa nohhafu, kwakha idolobha lonke elingcwatshwe ngaphansi komhlaba. Amaqiniso amaningi angajwayelekile abethelwe emibhalweni yesandla emayelana nale ndawo, engakhombisa izimfihlo ezintsha ezingakadalulwa.
Ucwaningo ngemfihlakalo yaseChina
Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, izakhamizi zaseXian zazizungeza indawo enamagquma futhi zazingacabangi nokuthi ngaphansi kwezinyawo zazo kwakufihlwe izimangaliso ngomlando weminyaka eyinkulungwane obizwa ngeTerracotta Army. Kule ndawo, ama-shards obumba ayevame ukutholakala, kepha ngokusho kwezinganekwane zazingathintwa futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zithathwe nawe. Ngo-1974, ithuna latholwa nguYan Ji Wang, owayefuna ukushaya umthombo eduze kwentaba yaseLishan. Ekujuleni okungaba amamitha ama-5, umlimi wazithela ekhanda lelinye lamasosha. Kwababhali-mlando nabavubukuli, ukutholwa kwaba yinto eshaqisayo yangempela nokuqala kocwaningo lwesikhathi eside.
Ukumba kwenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu, esokugcina sazo asikaqedwa. Amasosha angaphezu kuka-400 e-Terracotta Army atholakele okokuqala athunyelwa eminyuziyamu emhlabeni wonke, kodwa iningi lawo lahlala eChina, lapho kutholakala khona umbusi owakha isikhumbuzo somlando esimangazayo. Okwamanje, ithuna eligadiwe liyigugu elibaluleke kunazo zonke ezweni, ngoba izivakashi eziphakeme kakhulu ziyamenywa lapha ukuze zibonge ubukhulu benkosi yokuqala yasebukhosini baseQin.
Zonke izivakashi zingavakashela idolobha elingcwatshiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, awudingi ngisho nokwazi ukuthi ungafika kanjani usuka eBeijing, ngoba izinkambo eziningi zifaka ukuvakashela iTerracotta Army kuhlelo. Ekuqhubekeni kwayo, ungathatha isithombe sohlu olukhulu lwezinto zobumba ezinobuso obuhlukile, njengokungathi zithukile izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
