Igama elithi "Hanging Gardens of Babylon" lijwayele noma yimuphi umfundi, ikakhulukazi njengesakhiwo sesibili esibaluleke kunazo zonke zeZimangaliso Eziyisikhombisa Zomhlaba. Ngokwezinganekwane nezethenjwa zezazi-mlando zakudala, zazakhelwa unkosikazi wakhe ngumbusi waseBabiloni uNebukadinesari II ngekhulu lesi-6 BC. Namuhla, izingadi nesigodlo kubhujiswe ngokuphelele ngabantu nezakhi zezulu. Ngenxa yokungabi bikho kobufakazi obuqondile bokuba khona kwabo, kuhlala kungenayo inguqulo esemthethweni mayelana nendawo yabo nosuku lokwakhiwa kwabo.
Incazelo nomlando osolwayo weHanging Gardens of Babylon
Incazelo eningiliziwe itholakala kuzazi-mlando zakudala zamaGrikhi uDiodorus noStabon, isazi-mlando saseBabiloni uBerossus (III century BC) wethule imininingwane ecacile. Ngokusho kwedatha yabo, ngo-614 BC. e. UNebukadinesari II wenza ukuthula namaMede futhi ushada nenkosazana yabo u-Amitis. Njengoba ekhulela ezintabeni ezigcwele uhlaza, wethuka ngeBabiloni elinothuli nelinamadwala. Ukufakazela uthando lwayo nokumduduza, inkosi iyalela ukwakhiwa kwesigodlo esikhulu esinamathala ezihlahla nezimbali. Kanyekanye nokuqala kokwakhiwa, abathengisi namaqhawe emikhankaso baqala ukuletha izithombo nembewu enhlokodolobha.
Isakhiwo esinezitezi ezine sasisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-40, ngakho-ke sasibonakala kude ngaphesheya kwezindonga zedolobha. Indawo ekhonjiswe yisazi-mlando uDiodorus iyamangaza: ngokuya ngemininingwane yakhe, ubude bolunye uhlangothi babungaba ngamamitha ayi-1300, olunye lungaphansi kancane. Ukuphakama kwethala ngalinye kwakungu-27.5 m, izindonga zisekelwa ngezinsika zamatshe. Ukwakhiwa kwakungemangalisi, ngezikhala eziluhlaza ezingeni ngalinye ezinentshisekelo enkulu. Ukuzinakekela, izigqila zazinikezwa phezulu esitezi ngamanzi egeleza abe yizimpophoma aye ezindaweni eziphansi. Inqubo yokunisela yayiqhubeka, ngaphandle kwalokho izingadi zazingeke zisinde kuleso simo sezulu.
Akukacaci namanje ukuthi kungani baqanjwa ngegama leNdlovukazi uSemiramis, hhayi u-Amitis. USemiramis, umbusi odumile wase-Asiriya, wayephila emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ngaphambili, isithombe sakhe sasenziwa njengonkulunkulu. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwabonakala emisebenzini yezazi-mlando. Yize kunezimpikiswano eziningi, ubukhona bezingadi abungatshazwa. Le ndawo ishiwo abaphila ngesikhathi sika-Alexander the Great. Kukholakala ukuthi ushonele kule ndawo, okushaye umcabango wakhe futhi kumkhumbuza izwe lakubo. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, izingadi kanye nomuzi uqobo kwawohloka.
Zikuphi izingadi manje?
Esikhathini sethu, ayikho imikhondo ebalulekile esele kulesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Amanxiwa akhonjiswe nguR. Koldevei (umcwaningi waseBabiloni lasendulo) ahlukile kwamanye amanxiwa kuphela ngamacwecwe amatshe angaphansi futhi athakazelisa abavubukuli kuphela. Ukuvakashela le ndawo, kufanele uye e-Iraq. Ama-ejensi wezokuvakasha ahlela ukuvakashela emanxiweni asendulo atholakala ku-90 km ukusuka eBaghdad eduze neHill yesimanje. Esithombeni sezinsuku zethu, kubonakala kuphela amagquma obumba ambozwe imfucumfucu ensundu.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke eBoboli Gardens.
Enye inguqulo inikezwa ngumcwaningi wase-Oxford uS. Dalli. Uthi amaHanging Gardens aseBabiloni akhiwa eNineveh (iMosul yanamuhla esenyakatho ye-Iraq) futhi esusa usuku lokwakhiwa emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ngaphambili. Njengamanje, le nguqulo isuselwe kuphela ekuhumusheni amatafula e-cuneiform. Ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izingadi ezazikhona - umbuso waseBabiloni noma i-Asiriya, kudingeka ukumba okungeziwe kanye nezifundo zeziduli zaseMosul.
Amaqiniso athokozisayo mayelana nezingadi ezilengisiwe zaseBabiloni
- Ngokwencazelo yezazi-mlando zakudala, itshe lalisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo zamathala kanye nezinsika, ezingekho eduze kwaseBabiloni. Yena nenhlabathi evundile yezihlahla balethwa kude.
- Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngubani owadala izingadi. Izazi-mlando zikhuluma ngokubambisana kwamakhulu ososayensi nabadwebi bezakhiwo. Kunoma ikuphi, uhlelo lokunisela lwedlula bonke ubuchwepheshe obabaziwa ngaleso sikhathi.
- Izitshalo zalethwa zivela kuwo wonke umhlaba, kepha zatshalwa kucatshangelwa ukukhula kwazo ezimweni zemvelo: kumasimu aphansi - phansi, entabeni ephezulu. Izitshalo zezwe lakubo zatshalwa epulatifomu eliphezulu, zithandwa yindlovukazi.
- Indawo nesikhathi sokudala kuphikiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi, abavubukuli bathola izithombe ezindongeni ezibonisa izingadi, ezisukela ekhulwini lesi-8 BC. Kuze kube namuhla, izingadi ezilengisiwe zaseBabele zingezizimfihlakalo zaseBabiloni ezingadalulwanga.
