Amaphengwini aduma eYurophu ngekhulu le-15 - 16. Kepha ngalezo zinsuku, inhloso eyinhloko yokuhamba olwandle kwakuyinzuzo, ngakho-ke izidalwa ezixakile zaziphathwa njengenye into exotic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahambi bangeNkathi Ephakathi baya emazweni akude bachaza izidalwa ezinjengokuthi ezinye izinhlanzi, uhhafu-nyoni awuzange ubangele umdlandla.
Ucwaningo oluhlelekile lwama-penguin lwaqala kuphela ngekhulu le-19, lapho abantu beqala ukuthumela uhambo lwesayensi olwandle olukude. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela ukuhlukaniswa kwamaphengwini, okokuqala kuchazwa ukwakheka nemikhuba yabo. Amaphengwini aqala ukuvela ema-zoo aseYurophu.
Udumo lomhlaba lwafika kuma-penguin engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, lapho lezi zinyoni zaba ngamaqhawe asemfashinini wamahlaya kanye nemidwebo. Kancane kancane, ama-penguin athola idumela njengezidalwa ezingesabi kepha ezinesimo esihle, ezixakile emhlabeni futhi ezishesha emanzini, ezidla izinhlanzi nokunakekela izingane ngokuthinta.
Cishe konke okukule ncazelo kuyiqiniso, kepha, njengenjwayelo, uSathane usemininingwane. Ama-penguin angaphandle kahle, okungenani kubantu. Kodwa-ke, isimilo sabo sikude nezingelosi, balwa ngobuciko ngemilomo yabo enamandla, futhi bangahlasela isilwane esikhudlwana eqenjini. Ukunakekela izingane kungenxa yokukhiqizwa kwehomoni ekhethekile. Lapho i-hormone iphela, kanjalo nokunakekelwa kwengane. Kwesinye isikhathi ukunakekela izingane kufinyelela ezingeni lokuthi amaphengwini amadala athumba iwundlu lomunye umuntu.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba omunye wabaphenyi baseNgilandi asho ngokufanele, ama-penguin akubona abantu, futhi kumane kuwubuwula ukubhekana nokuziphatha kwabo ngezindinganiso zabantu. Ama-penguin angabamele umhlaba wezilwane, futhi imizwa yabo iye yathuthukiswa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane.
1. Amaphengwini ahlala eningizimu yezwe kuphela nasemaphethelweni aphakeme kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yiphutha ukukholelwa ukuthi bahlala kuphela phakathi kweqhwa namanzi asolwandle abandayo. Ama-penguin aseGalapagos ahlala eziqhingini zegama elifanayo azizwa ekhululekile emazingeni okushisa wamanzi aphakathi kuka +22 - + 24 ° С namazinga okushisa omoya aphakathi kuka- + 18 no + 24 ° С. Ama-penguin nawo ahlala osebeni olufudumele kakhulu e-Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, iziqhingi zoLwandlekazi i-Indian futhi cishe kulo lonke ugu lwasePacific eNingizimu Melika.
Ama-penguin ase-Australia
2. Ukukhethwa kwemvelo emaphengwini kuqonde kakhulu futhi akucaci. Ama-penguin asukume ame ngezinyawo aqala "ukubhukuda kwamahhala" - impilo ezimele. Ngemuva konyaka noma emibili, bavela kuleli koloni izinsuku eziningana, bese ukuvakasha kwabo kuba kukhulu, futhi kuphela ngemuva kokufakazela ukuthi bakwazi ukuhlala ezimweni ezinzima, ama-penguin avuthiwe ngokobulili ekugcineni ahlala kuleli koloni. Ngakho-ke, ngabantu abasha kuphela abakwazile ukuzondla futhi babalekele izidlova abavunyelwe ukuzala izingane.
3. I-Evolution ifundise ama-penguin ukuthi alondoloze ukulinganisela kwamanzi namanzi anosawoti. Cishe zonke izilwane eMhlabeni, ukudla okunjalo kwamanzi kungaba yingozi. Ama-penguin ahlunga usawoti emanzini ngokusebenzisa izindlala ezikhethekile endaweni yamehlo futhi awukhiphe ngomlomo wawo.
4. Ngenxa yokudla okuyisidina kwezigidi zeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ama-penguin ane-atrophied receptors yezinambitheka ezimbili kwezine eziyisisekelo - abezwa ubumuncu nobumnandi. Kepha bahlukanisa phakathi kwe-asidi nosawoti.
5. Umhlambi omncane wemikhomo ebulalayo - izitha ezimbi kakhulu zamahlengethwa - uyakwazi ukugcina izinkulungwane zamakoloni ama-penguin ogwini. Izinyoni ezingakwazi ukundiza zizwa ukutholakala kwemikhomo ebulalayo emanzini aseduze nasogwini futhi zingalokothi zitshuzele ukudla. Noma ngabe imikhomo ebulalayo, iphelelwa yisineke, ibhukuda ihambe, ama-penguin alinda isikhathi eside, bese ethumela i-daredevil emanzini yodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izimbangi ezidlayo.
Iscout yahamba
6. Uhambo lwabasolwandle baseRussia uThaddeus Bellingshausen noMikhail Lazarev, abathole i-Antarctica, ngasikhathi sinye bathola ama-Emperor penguin - uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwabantu abahlala kwabamnyama nabamhlophe base-Antarctica. Empeleni, ukufika e-Antarctica nokungaziboni izidalwa ezifika ku-130 cm ubude nesisindo esifinyelela ku-50 kg kungaba yinkinga, ikakhulukazi ngoba ama-penguin ahlala ezindaweni ezisogwini. ULieutenant Ignatiev neqembu lamatilosi, ngaphandle kokwesaba izazi zemvelo ezazingekho ngaleso sikhathi, wabulala elinye lama-penguin wamletha emkhunjini. Wonke umuntu washeshe wasazisa isikhumba njengomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu, futhi kwatholakala amatshe esiswini senyoni engenashwa, okukhombisa ukuthi umhlaba wawukule ndawo eseduze.
F. Bellingshausen - inhloko yohambo lwasendaweni yaseRussia
7. Ngo-Mashi 2018, ososayensi baseLatvia ababesebenza e-Antarctica esiteshini sase-Ukraine "i-Akademik Vernadsky" bakhala ngokuthi ama-penguin entshontsha izinsimbi namathuluzi kuwo ukuze enze isampula inhlabathi yase-Antarctic. Uma ucabanga iqiniso lokuthi ngokugwedla kwabo kungafinyelela ngejubane elikhulu elingu-6 km / h, futhi umuntu ojwayelekile ehamba ngesinyathelo esijwayelekile ngejubane eliphansi, kungafinyelelwa iziphetho ezimbili ezilinganayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ososayensi baseLatvia bahlangabezane nohlobo olusha lwama-penguin ahambayo, noma ama-anecdotes mayelana nejubane lokucabanga kwabantu baseBaltic abangahambi kakhulu kunalokho okungokoqobo.
8. Usosayensi wase-Australia u-Eddie Hall uthathe isinqumo sokushiya ikhamera yevidiyo efakiwe eduze kwekoloni elikhulu lama-penguin. Izinyoni zithole ukuthi ikhamera ivuliwe futhi zenze okuncane kwajabulisa ososayensi nabathandi bamavidiyo ahlekisayo.
9. Ukukhuluma ngesisindo samaphengwini kungenziwa kuphela. Kubantu abakhulu, isisindo ngesikhathi sokufukamela amaqanda singancishiswa ngesigamu - ngesikhathi sesiteleka sokuphoqa indlala, amafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba alahlekile ukugcina impilo. Lapho-ke iphengwini liyadla bese liba yindilinga futhi libe yinsimbi futhi, futhi ubukhulu besendlalelo samafutha bubuyiselwe ku-3 - 4 cm. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-emperor penguin ingaba nesisindo esingu-120 kg ngobude obungu-cm 120. Amanye ama-penguin mancane kakhulu ngobude nangesisindo.
10. Inqwaba yamaphengwini ahlala emakoloni amakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi abale amashumi ezinkulungwane nezigidi zabantu. I-Adelѝ penguin, ngokwesibonelo, ihlala futhi izale ngababili, kepha iminyene, ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo kakhulu. Ngendlela, lapho sithi "penguin", cishe sizocabanga nge-Adélie penguin. Emikhubeni yabo, la ma-penguin afana kakhulu nabantu, yingakho avame ukuvezwa ngabadwebi njengomfanekiso ohlanganisiwe walezi zinyoni. I-penguin Lolo kumdwebo odumile waseSoviet kanye neqembu lama-penguin avela kuwo wonke amakhathuni we-"Penguins of Madagascar" franchise akopishwa kusuka kuma-penguin e-Adélie. Empilweni yangempela, ama-penguin awahlali endle esiqhingini saseMadagascar.
11. Okuwukuphela kohlobo lwepenguin olungaholi amakoloni yiphengwini elihle noma elinamehlo aphuzi elitholakala eNew Zealand naseziqhingini eziseduze. Ngokunaka iphengwini le-penguin lokuthi liyazihlalela lodwa, kunzima ukuqonda indlela yokudlulisa lesi sifo eqothule izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinhlobo ngo-2004.
12. Iningi lama-penguin lakha izidleke zokufukamela amaqanda ezintweni ezisezandleni zawo. Futhi i-emperor kanye ne-king penguin baphatha amaqanda abo esikhwameni esikhethekile sesikhumba, esinabo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane. Ngenye indlela badlulisa iqanda (isisindo salo singafinyelela ku-0.5 kg) komunye nomunye. Ngenkathi omunye umzali ebamba inhlanzi, omunye uphatha iqanda, futhi ngokufanayo.
13. Akuwona wonke amaqanda achanyusela amaphuphu. Ukubukwa kwesikhathi eside kukhombisile ukuthi kuma-penguin amancane, inzalo ivela kuphela kuwo wonke amaqanda wesithathu, kubantu abavuthiwe umkhiqizo ukhuphukela cishe ku-100%, futhi ngokuguga le nkomba iyancipha futhi. Umbhangqwana ungafukamela amaqanda amabili bese uthola amachwane amabili, kepha isiphetho sephengwini esichanyuselwe kamuva asinakulinganiswa - uma ama-penguin amadala ebuthakathaka ngokuphawulekayo phakathi nesikhathi sokufukamela, aqhubeka nokudla iphuphu elidala kuphela. Ngakho-ke, lo mbhangqwana wandisa amathuba abo okusinda.
14. Ama-Emperor penguin aphethe irekhodi lokujula kokucwiliswa emanzini phakathi kwabahlobo babo - bangatshona baye ekujuleni okungaphezulu kwesigamu sekhilomitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi baze babone inyamazane ehloniphekile. Izici eziningi zomzimba zibasiza ukuba babe futhi bathuthele ngaphansi kwamanzi, kusukela ekuvaleni izindlebe kuye ekunciphiseni ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokusheshisa ukugeleza kwegazi okuphindayo. Impilo izophoqa - intshontsho elisanda kuzalwa le-Emperor Penguin lidla okungenani ama-6 kg wezinhlanzi ngosuku.
15. Emakhazeni amabi, amaphenguwini aqoqana ngamaqembu amakhulu esesimeni sombuthano ukuze afudumale. Ngaphakathi kweqembu elinjalo, kunokunyakaza okungaguquguquki kwabantu ngokuya ngephethini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ama-penguin asenkabeni (lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya ngisho nasemakhazeni amakhulu nomoya lingaba ngaphezu kuka-20 ° С) kancane kancane liqhubekela emaphethelweni angaphandle embuthano, futhi abazala babo abafriziwe abavela emigqeni engaphandle baya enkabeni.
16. Amaphengwini enza kahle kakhulu ema-zoo. Kuyiqiniso, ukuzigcina ekuthunjweni kunzima kakhulu - udinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi elamukelekayo kulezi zinyoni. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwe izimo ezidingekayo, ama-penguin asezu zombili aphila isikhathi eside kunezihlobo zawo zasendle futhi azala ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2016, iZoo yaseMoscow yabelana ngeNovosibirsk ngasikhathi sinye - abesilisa ababili nabesifazane abahlanu. Onke ama-penguin anethezeke ngokuphelele endaweni yawo entsha.
17. Umbambiqhaza ohambweni lomhlaba olwaphela kabuhlungu lukaRobert Scott, uGeorge Levick ngo-1914 washicilela incwadi lapho achaza khona imiphumela yalokho akubona ngamaphengwini. Abashicileli bazithola sebeshicilela isahluko lapho umcwaningi echaza khona ukuziphatha kocansi kwama-penguin - amarekhodi othintana nabobulili obufanayo, i-necrophilia, njll. Ayethusa kakhulu.Incwadi ethi "Chinstrap Penguins" yashicilelwa ngokugcwele ngo-2012 kuphela, futhi yanikezwa amanothi amaningi Ukuhlanekezelwa kwamaphengwini kwabangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
18. E-Odense Zoo eDenmark, ama-penguin angamaduna abonisa ukuthi lezi zinyoni ziyashesha ukwamukela amanani aseYurophu. Ngokubona ukuthi iphengwini lengane, elakhuliswa izithandani ezihlala eduze, lashiywa linganakiwe imizuzu eminingana (izisebenzi ze-zoo zahambisa umama ezinkambisweni zamanzi, nobaba waqhuba ibhizinisi lakhe), ama-penguin ayizitabane ahudulela leli khonyane ekhoneni labo lokuvalelwa futhi azama ukufihla ngemuva kwabo imizimba. Umama obuyayo washeshe wasithola isimo esasikhona. Esimweni esinjalo, abaphathi bezilwane banqume ukunikeza iqanda lokuqala okumele amaphengwini wendawo alinikeze u-Elias no-Emil - leli igama labazali bepenguin yesikhathi esizayo.
19. Iphephandaba okuwukuphela kwalo elishicilelwe eFalkland Islands, okuyinkampani ephethwe ngokusemthethweni yi-Argentina kodwa ehlala e-United Kingdom, libizwa nge-Penguin News - Penguin News.
20. Indoda eyiNgisi uTom Mitchell, eya eNingizimu Melika, e-Uruguay wasindisa ekufeni iphengwini elibanjwe othanjiswa ngamafutha. UMitchell uzame ukugeza i-penguin ku-bidet esebenzisa uketshezi lomshini wokuwasha izitsha, ama-shampoo, namafutha emifino ahlukahlukene. I-penguin, isisindo sayo sasicishe sibe ngu-5 kg, ekuqaleni samelana ngenkuthalo saze saluma nesandla somsindisi, kodwa sabe sesithula masinyane futhi sazivumela ukuba sigezwe ngamafutha. Indoda eyiNgisi yathwala inyoni yaya olwandle, kepha iphengwini, selibhukude amashumi amamitha ambalwa, labuyela ogwini. UMitchell wamgcina wamqamba ngokuthi uJuan Salvador. Ungafunda ngokuzijabulisa okumangalisayo kukaJuan Salvador nenkosi yakhe encwadini kaMitchell enhle kakhulu enePenguin ku-Backpack.
