UDisemba 31, 2018 uqopha iminyaka engu-18 kwasungulwa uVladimir Putin esikhundleni sikaBoris Yeltsin njengomongameli obambile waseRussia. Kusukela lapho, uPutin usesebenze amahlandla amabili kamongameli, wasebenza njengoNdunankulu iminyaka emine, waphinde waba ngumengameli futhi wanqoba ukhetho lwesine lukaMengameli empilweni yakhe enombhalo orekhodiwe, wathola amavoti angama-76.7%.
Eminyakeni edlule, iRussia iguqukile, kwathi iV.V. Putin nayo iguqukile. Ngo-1999, ochwepheshe baseNtshonalanga, abathi, ekubikezeleni kwabo mayelana nezinguquko kwezepolitiki, ngisho nase-USSR, ngisho naseRussia, bashaya kahle isibhakabhaka, babuza lo mbuzo: “Ngubani uMnu. UPutin? " Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umhlaba wabona ukuthi babebhekene nomuntu onzima, ohlakaniphile futhi othanda ukubeka phambili izidingo zezwe, engathetheleli noma exolela noma yini.
ERussia, umongameli naye wahlonishwa ngokusebenza kwakhe. Izwe kancane kancane labona ukuthi amandla amakhulu okudala ayeza ukuzongena esikhundleni sokuphelelwa yisikhathi kukaYeltsin. Amasosha nabomthetho baqiniswa. Imali etholwe ngokuthunyelwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa iye kwisabelomali. Inhlalakahle jikelele yaqala ukukhula kancane.
Vele, noma yimuphi umbusi, umongameli, unobhala jikelele noma ukhesari, noma yini abambiza ngakho, kunezinqumo ezingathandeki nezingenamaphutha. UVladimir Putin naye unjalo. Umzabalazo oqale ngama-oligarchs ugcine ngokuletha iningi labo ekulaleleni nasekubavumeleni ukuthi baqhubeke nokukhipha izinsiza ngaphandle kwezwe. Ngemuva kobumbano olungakaze lubonwe ngesikhathi sokuncishwa kweCrimea, ukwesekelwa okuvilaphayo kweDonbass kwakubonakala kuyinduduzo, futhi ukuguqulwa kwempesheni okwenziwe ngemuva kwemiphumela yokhetho olwaba yirekhodi kwabaningi kwaba ukugwaza emuva.
Ngandlela thile, ukuhlola umongameli ngenhloso engacishe yamukeleke kungenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi. Lapho-ke kuzokwazi ukuhumusha izehlakalo zempilo yakhe, noma ngabe zibukeka kanjani manje.
Amaphuzu aziwa kakhulu nge-biography ka-V. Putin afana nokuthi "wakhulela emndenini wama-blockades - wafunda i-judo - wangena eLeningrad University - wajoyina i-KGB - wakhonza kwezobunhloli eLeipzig" akunasisekelo ekubikeni - konke kwaziwa kusukela kumacala okuqala kaV. Putin. Ake sizame ukwethula amaqiniso angaziwa kangako nemicimbi ye-biography yakhe.
1. Ngenkathi uVladimir esafunda eLeningrad State University, umndeni wakhe wawina ilotho yeZaporozhets. Abazali banikeze indodana yabo imoto. Ushayele ngokumangazayo, kepha akazange angene engozini ngephutha lakhe. Kodwa-ke, kwakusenezinkinga - lapho umuntu ephuthuma ngaphansi kwemoto. UVladimir wama, wehla emotweni walinda amaphoyisa. Umuntu obehamba ngezinyawo utholwe enecala ngalesi sigameko.
"AmaZaporozhets" afanayo asinda
2. Ebusheni bakhe, umongameli wakusasa wayaziwa njengomuntu othanda kakhulu ubhiya. Ngamazwi akhe, ngenkathi efunda eyunivesithi, bekufanele ngabe akasiluthanga kangako lesi siphuzo. Ngesikhathi esebenza eGDR, izinhlobonhlobo zezintandokazi zikaPutin kwakungu "Radeberger". Lokhu kubekeka okujwayelekile ku-4.8% ABV. Izikhulu zezobunhloli zaseSoviet zathenga ubhiya ongakalungiswa emigqonyeni engu-4-litre zaza zawufaka ngekhabhoni zodwa. Kuyacaca ukuthi eminyakeni edlule u-V. Putin wehlise ukusetshenziswa kotshwala (kanye nanoma buphi obunye utshwala), kodwa-ke, namanje, ubhiya i- "Radeberger" uyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emithwalweni ka-Angela Merkel ngesikhathi ehambele eRussia.
3. Ngo-1979, eminyakeni emine ngaphambi komshado wakhe noLyudmila Shekrebneva, uV. Putin wayesevele ekulungele ukushada nentombazane egama layo kwakunguLyuda. Wayengumuthi. Umshado wawuvele kuvunyelwene ngawo futhi walungiswa, futhi kuphela ngomzuzu wokugcina umkhwenyana anquma ukubunqamula ubudlelwano. Akekho osabalalisa ngezizathu zalesi senzo.
4. UVladimir wahlangana nomkakhe wesikhathi esizayo ngenhlanhla, njengomuntu owayehamba naye eya enkundleni yemidlalo ye-Arkady Raikin. Abantu abasha bahlangana (ngenkathi uLyudmila, owayesebenza njengomphathi wendiza, wayehlala eKaliningrad) iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, wabe esenquma ukushada. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhwenyana waqala ingxoxo ngamathoni anjalo kangangokuba uLyudmila wanquma ukuthi bayahlukana. Umshado waphothulwa ngoJulayi 28, 1983.
5. Umsebenzi kaPutin njengesikhulu esiphezulu wawungaphela eSt. Ngo-1996, wonke umndeni nezivakashi bacishe bashisa indlu yezwe esanda kuqedwa. Umlilo uqale ngenxa yesitofu esigoqwe ngokungafanele ku-sauna. Indlu eyakhiwe ngezitini yayihlotshiswe ngokhuni ngaphakathi, ngakho umlilo wasabalala ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu unaso isikhathi sokuphumela emgwaqeni, umnikazi waqala ukubheka ipotimende lapho kugcinwa khona imali yonke yomndeni. Ngenhlanhla, uPutin wayenokuthula okwanele ukubona ukuthi impilo ibaluleke kakhulu kunakho konke ukonga, nokugxuma aphume endlini kuvulandi wesitezi sesibili.
6. Ngo-1994, uPutin waya engqungqutheleni yamazwe omhlaba ye-European Union eHamburg. Lapho uMongameli wase-Estonia uLennart Meri, ekhuluma, amahlandla amaningi ebiza iRussia njengezwe elihlalayo, uV. Putin wasukuma waphuma ehholo, eshaya umnyango kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, isiphathimandla samazwe omhlaba saseRussia sasisezingeni lokuthi bakhononda ngoPutin eMnyangweni Wezangaphandle waseRussia.
7. NgoJulayi 10, 2000, uKonstantin Raikin wagubha iminyaka engu-50, edlala esiteji seSatyricon Theatre umbukiso womuntu oyedwa osuselwa kumdlalo othi "Contrabass" kaPatrick Suskind. Abantu abaningi abavela eqenjini lezombusazwe nakwezeshashalazi bebekhona ehholo, kubandakanya noVladimir Putin. Ekupheleni kokudlala, umongameli uthathe isiteji. Ngesikhathi edlula ehholo, yingxenye encane kuphela yezethameli esukume yashaya ihlombe, abanye bakhombisa ukuthi bashiye ihholo - ngaphambi komdlalo, onogada basesha wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokukhetha, futhi abaningi abeneme ngalokhu. Kodwa-ke, umongameli, enikeza umlingisi lo myalelo, wenza inkulumo efudumele kangangokuba izethameli zonke zabingelela ukuphela kwazo ngokujabula.
V. Putin noK. Raikin
8. UVladimir Putin uyazithanda kakhulu izinja. Inja yokuqala emndenini emuva ngeminyaka yama-1990s kwakungumalusi ogama lakhe linguMalysh, owashona ngaphansi kwamasondo emoto ezweni. Njengomongameli kusuka ngonyaka ka 2000 kuya ku 2014, wayehamba no Labrador Koni. Le nja yethulwa kuPutin nguSergei Shoigu, owayesebenza njengenhloko yoMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo. Amahhashi abe enye yezinja ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni. Wafa esemdala. Kusukela ngo-2010 inkampani kaKoni ibiphelezelwa yiBulgaria Shepherd Dog Buffy, isipho esivela kuNdunankulu waseBulgaria. Ekuqaleni, igama lenja kwakunguYorko (ngesiBulgaria “God of War”), kodwa uV. Putin wayengalithandi lelo gama. Entsha yakhethwa emncintiswaneni waseRussia. Ukuhluka kukaMuscovite Dima Sokolov oneminyaka eyisihlanu kunqobile. Amahhashi noBuffy babehambisana kahle, yize ekuqaleni iqabane elincane lalimhlupha kakhulu uKoni ngemizamo engapheli yokudlala. Ngo-2102, ithimba laseJapan lanikeza uVladimir Vladimirovich inja ye-Akita Inu egama linguYume ngosizo lwayo ekuqedeni imiphumela yetsunami. Ngaphambi kokuhlukaniswa kwabashadikazi bakaPutin, babene-poodle yamathoyizi, okusobala ukuthi owayengunkosikazi kamongameli wahamba nayo. Futhi ngo-2017, uMongameli waseTurkmenistan wethule uzakwabo waseRussia nge-alabai egama linguVerny.
Kusukela ngoMeyi 1997 kuya kuMashi 1998, uVladimir Putin wasebenza njengenhloko yoPhiko Olukhulu Lokulawulwa Kwezokuphatha lukaMongameli u-Yeltsin. Imiphumela yezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zomsebenzi: ukwesula kukaNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela u-Igor Sergeyev (kubonakala sengathi izimpande zokubuya kweCrimea nokunqoba eSyria zilele ndawo lapha) nokuvinjelwa okuqinile kwabadobi baseJapan, yebo, nokuthi yisiphi isono, ozakwabo baseRussia, indlela enobudlova yokubamba isalmon eyigugu ye-sockeye. Kusukela lapho, akekho owake wezwa ngemizamo yokubulawa kwabantu abaningi ngalezi zinhlanzi emanzini eRussia.
10. Ngaphambi kokhetho lukaMongameli ngo-2000, izintatheli ze-NTV neNovaya Gazeta, befuna ubufakazi obabubeka eceleni obabuphikisana noVladimir Putin, bazama ukuvuselela umbiko kaMarina Salie. I-democrat eqinisekisiwe (ngaphandle wayefana noValeria Novodvorskaya) uSalye ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s wathola inqwaba yamadokhumenti ngomsebenzi weKomidi Lezobudlelwano Bezomnotho Namazwe eMkhandlwini Wedolobha laseSt. Ikomidi beliphethwe nguPutin. Ngosizo lwale mibhalo, ekuqaleni bazama ukufakazela ukukhwabaniswa kwemali eyizigidi eziningi - akuphumelelanga. Okwenziwayo kwenziwa ngendlela yokushintshana, futhi yonke into lapho ihlala ibukeka isolisa. Kwabanye, intengo ingabukeka ishibhile, kwabanye, ingaphansi, futhi ngasikhathi sinye zombili izinhlangano ziyaneliseka. Lapho ukukhwabanisa kungakhuli ndawonye, baqala ukuthola amaphutha ngezinqubo: ngabe kwakukhona amalayisense, futhi uma ayekhona, ngabe ayelungile, futhi uma ayeqinisile, bakhishelwa obani, njll. UPutin uqobo futhi washo ngqo ukuthi empeleni zazikhona izinkinga ngamalayisense, kodwa ngaphansi komthetho waleso sikhathi, akazange enze ubugebengu - amalayisense akhishwa eMoscow. Ukudla kwanikezwa iSt. Petersburg ngokushintshaniswa, futhi sasingekho isikhathi sokulinda amalayisense: USalye nozakwabo babesanda kwamukela isimemezelo sokunikezwa kwamakhadi okuqinisekisiwe kubahlali bedolobha.
UMarina Salie. Izambulo zakhe zehlulekile
11. V.V. UPutin wafunda ukugibela amahhashi esemdala. Kwaba kuphela lapho eba ngumongameli lapho wafunda khona ukugibela. Indawo yokuhlala iNovo-Ogaryovo inesitebele esihle, amahhashi abonakale njengezipho ezivela kubaholi bakwamanye amazwe nangaphansi kukaBoris Yeltsin. Akazange awathande amahhashi, kodwa owalandela yena wakhombisa amakhono amahle.
12. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-60, uV. Putin waqala ukudlala i-hockey. On isinyathelo sakhe yasungulwa amateur ebusuku hockey phiko (NHL, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele efana phiko kwezilwandle). UMongameli ubamba iqhaza njalo emidlalweni ye-NHL gala ngokwesiko ebibanjelwe eSochi.
Amadoda angempela adlala iHockey ...
13. UVladimir Putin ulinganiselwa cishe ikota engaphansi kukaDmitry Medvedev. Okungenani ngesihle. Isethi sezitembu esikhishwe emcimbini wokugcotshwa kukaMedvedev kulinganiselwa kuma-ruble angama-325,000, ngenkathi isethi efanayo ekhishelwe ukwethulwa kukaPutin ibiza cishe ama-ruble angama-250,000. Sekukonke, kukhishwe izitembu ezimbili ezinikelwe uPutin ekusakazweni okukhulu eRussia. Bobabili babekelwe isikhathi sokuhambisana nokugcotshwa kwakhe. Lesi sithombe sasingalingani kubo. Ezinye izitembu zaseRussia ziqukethe izingcaphuno ezivela ezitatimendeni zikamongameli, kodwa, futhi, ngaphandle kwezithombe zakhe. Izitembu ezinemifanekiso kamongameli waseRussia zakhishwa e-Uzbekistan, Slovenia, Slovakia, North Korea, Azerbaijan, Liberia naseMoldova. UPutin, ngokusho kolunye ulwazi, uqoqa izitembu ngokwakhe, kodwa kuphela inhloko yama-philatelists aseRussia uV. Sinegubov okukhulunywe ngaye.
14. UVladimir Putin akanaye umakhalekhukhwini, njengoba kusho unobhala wezindaba uDmitry Peskov, unezingcingo zokuxhumana zikahulumeni ezanele. Mhlawumbe izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseRussia zilahlekelwa yithuba elibi lokunyathela ozakwabo baseNtshonalanga: ama-smartphones ayikhulu abhaliswe egameni likamongameli angadinga izindleko ezibucayi ezinhlanganweni ezincintisanayo zemishini yokuthinta izintambo nokususa ukubhala. I-Russia isivele inolwazi lokukhiqiza amadivayisi eselula "kaPutin". Ngo-2015, enye yezinkampani zobucwebe baseRussia yakhipha amakhophi angama-999 we-Apple Watch Epocha Putin. Iqoqo lomklamo wewashi wawuhlanganisa nesiginesha ka-V. Idivayisi yathengiswa ngama-ruble angu-197,000.
15. Ukukhula kwakhe njengomsebenzi oqhumayo - eminyakeni emithathu usukile ekubeni yisekela lenhloko yomnyango wezokuPhathwa kukaMongameli waya ehhovisi likamongameli uqobo - uPutin uhlolisisa kahle. Ngokusho kwakhe, ngawo-1990, izikhulu zezepolitiki zaseMoscow zazibandakanyeka ekuzibhubhiseni. Ezimpini ezinesibindi ezazicashile ngasembhedeni kaBoris Yeltsin, ezimpini zobufakazi obabuyenga kanye nokunyundelwa, imisebenzi yamakhulu osopolitiki yaphela. Isibonelo, ngo-1992-1999, ondunankulu abahlanu, amasekela kandunankulu angama-40, ongqongqoshe abavamile abangaphezu kwama-200 baxoshwa, futhi nenani lokudilizwa kwabasebenzi emahhovisi ezinhlaka ezifana ne-Presidential Administration noma i-Security Council likhulu. UPutin wayengathandi kwakufanele "ahudule" abantu base "Leningrad" emandleni - wayengenamuntu athembele kuye, kwakungekho ndawo yokugcina abasebenzi ebuholini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu ezaxoshwa zazikhohlakele noma zazizonda iziphathimandla nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwazo.
16. Iqembu eliphikisayo, kwesinye isikhathi ebelizobizwa ngegama elinamandla kakhulu, livame ukuqhathanisa isibalo sezigidigidi "kuma-90s angcwele" - bese kuba nabangu-4, futhi ngaphansi kukaPutin, owakhiqiza ngaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyikhulu (wonke amalungu e-cooperative " Ichibi "). Ngokusobala izigidigidi ziyaqhamuka eRussia ngokushesha. Kepha kukhona futhi izinkomba ezinjalo: ngesikhathi sokuhlala kukaPutin emandleni, i-GDP ikhule ngo-82% (yebo, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuyiphinda kabili ngemuva kwenhlekelele yango-2008 kanye nezijeziso zango-2014). Futhi umholo omaphakathi usukhule ka-5, impesheni ikhule kayishumi.
17. Ubungako bezinqolobane zegolide nezokushintshaniswa kwezimali zangaphandle bakhuphuke amahlandla amaningi futhi bafinyelela kuma-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-466. Osomnotho abaningi, ngisho nabathanda izwe, bakholelwa ukuthi akufanelekile ukuxhasa umnotho wase-US ngale ndlela. Kubonakala sengathi bayakhohlwa ukuthi izinqolobane zegolide ziyizinsizakusebenza eziqoqiwe uma kwenzeka impi.
18. Ubuthakathaka bokuphikisana naye nakho kufakazela ngokungaqondile ngokuvunywa kwenqubomgomo kaV. Putin. Kuyo yonke iminyaka eyi-18 yenhlonipho, kepha ingesabi, kufanele ifanelwe ngaphandle kokuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphikisana nokwenza imali ngezinzuzo ngo-2005, kanye nemibhikisho emelene nokusolwa ngamanga kokhetho eBotnaya Square ngo-2012. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Universiade eseKazan, ingqungquthela ye-APEC, ama-Sochi Olimpiki noma iNdebe Yomhlaba wonke ye-FIFA ka-2016, le micimbi ibukeka iphaphathekile. Ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi lokho okuthiwa ukuphikisana okungekho ohlelweni kusebenzise noma yiliphi, noma elingaqondile, ithuba lokudicilela phansi isifiso sezwe lokusingatha izinkundla zomhlaba ngokwanele.
Imibhikisho yaseBolotnaya yayinkulu, kepha ayiphumelelanga
19. Ukubamba iqhaza kukaV. Putin ohlelweni lukaLarry Keig ngemuva nje kokucwila komkhumbi wamanzi waseKursk kanye neqembu lonke kuwubufakazi bokuthi kunzima kangakanani ukudlulisela umbono ongaphikiswa kubabukeli abaningi. Kumbuzo womethuli we-TV waseMelika: "Kwenzekani kumkhumbi wamanzi waseKursk?" UPutin ngokumamatheka okusontekile uphendule wathi: "Uminze." AbaseMelika bathathe impendulo eqondile kalula. ERussia, kwaqhuma umkhulungwane ngokuhlekwa usulu kwamatilosi awile nezihlobo zawo. UMongameli, nokho, ngokusobala wayeqonde ukuthi ngeke aphawule ngohlobo olusemthethweni lokuqhuma egumbini le-torpedo.
ULutin kaLarry King
20. UVladimir Putin unemiklomelo emibili kuphela yombuso, kanti eyodwa iyamangalisa ukwedlula enye. Ngo-1988, okungukuthi, ngenkathi esebenza ku-KGB e-GDR, waklonyeliswa nge-Order of the Badge of Honor. I-oda, uma sikhuluma ngokusobala, lesikhulu sezempi, alijwayelekile. Babevame ukukhishwa ngokufanelekile okunokuthula: ukusebenza okuphezulu emsebenzini, ukukhiqizwa komsebenzi okwandisiwe, ukwethulwa kwesipiliyoni esithuthukile, njll. Kukwanda kwamandla okuzivikela kumthetho we-oda, kepha usendaweni yesi-7. Ophethe i-oda ngokwakhe enhlolokhono, ekhuluma ngomsebenzi eGermany, uveze ukuthi uyaziswa futhi wakhushulelwa esikhundleni esiphindwe kabili esikhundleni (ngohambo olulodwa lwangaphandle, izikhulu ze-KGB zazivame ukukhushulelwa kanye) UVladimir Vladimirovich ngokwakhe akakhulumi nge-oda, futhi abezindaba ababuzi. Okwamanje, kungacatshangwa ukuthi wayebambe iqhaza ekutholeni noma yiziphi izimfihlo zezimboni ezibalulekile - lesi yisipiliyoni esihle kakhulu, kanye nokwanda komkhiqizo wabasebenzi, nokusebenza okuphezulu emnothweni. Mhlawumbe ukukhumbula kukaPutin uzakwabo owakhipha ubuchwepheshe obuvumela i-USSR ukuthi isindise izigidigidi zamadola, kepha engazange yethulwe ekukhiqizweni, kubhekiswa kuye? Umklomelo wesibili yi-Order of Honor. Kutholwe ngo-Mashi 1996 ngezinsizakalo ezinhle nokunikela ekuhlelweni komngcele wezwe laseBaltic. Vele, kwakukhona isiphithiphithi ngeminyaka yama-1990s, kepha abasebenzi behhovisi lemeya kwakungafanele babandakanyeke ekuhlelweni komngcele?
