Izintaba ze-Altai zingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke ziheha izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Uhlobo lwe-Altai ngokuqinisekile luzomangaza ngisho nomhambi oyinkimbinkimbi kunayo yonke ngobunjalo bayo nokungafani. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi kusukela ngo-1998 izintaba zeGolden Altai ziye zafakwa ohlwini lwamasayithi e-UNESCO World Heritage Sites, njengoba eyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo eyingqayizivele elolo hlobo.
Lapha uzobona iziqongo ezinhle zeqhwa, imithambeka yezintaba embozwe uhlaza lwe-coniferous, amachibi amaningi nemifula enamanzi acwebile, izimpophoma nemigede, kanye nezilwane ezihlala kulezi zindawo kuphela.
Izintaba ze-Altai: izici ezijwayelekile
Iningi lendawo yaseGorny Altai itholakala eRussia, okungukuthi, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeWestern Siberia. Lesi sifunda esihle sihlanganisa indawo yaseKazakhstan, iMongolia neChina. Ubude bezingqimba bungamakhilomitha angama-2000. Ukuphakama kwezintaba kusuka kumamitha angama-500 kuye kwangama-4500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ukukhululwa kwesimanje kweGorny Altai kwakhiwa ngesikhathi seCenozoic ngaphansi kwethonya lezinqubo ze-tectonic zesakhiwo sezintaba ze-alpine. Kodwa-ke, nangenkathi yaseCaledonia, izintaba zazikhona kule ndawo, ezingaphezulu kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka ezacekelwa phansi zaphenduka zaba ukusongwa okuncane. Ngenxa yokuphakama kwesibili, ithafa elinamagquma laphenduka isifunda esinezintaba, esingasibona namuhla.
Isimo sendawo sinquma isimo sezulu sezwekazi e-Altai. Ihlobo lapha livame ukufudumala, kepha lina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sezulu ezintabeni asilindelekile. Izinsuku ezinelanga zingashintshana nezinsuku zemvula, futhi amathonsi okushisa abukhali kakhulu, ngisho nangosuku olulodwa. Ubusika e-Altai imvamisa buyabanda ngokushisa okuphakathi komoya okungu -15 degrees. Phezulu ezintabeni, ukushuba kwekhava leqhwa cishe kuyimitha elilodwa, kepha emagqumeni akukho iqhwa eliningi.
Isakhiwo se-tectonic samathumbu eGorny Altai sinqume ubukhona bezinsizakusebenza ezicebile zamaminerali. I-Zinc nethusi, i-quartzite nejaspi, umthofu nesiliva kumbiwe lapha. Futhi azikho izinqolobane zesoda njengalapha kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amadiphozi ezinsimbi eziyivelakancane nezibalulekile e-Altai, okwandisa ukubaluleka kwesifunda kulo lonke izwe.
Izimbali nezilwane zezintaba ze-Altai zifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Izitshalo zihluke kakhulu lapha, ezichazwa ngomehluko omkhulu wokuphakama. I-Alpine ne-subalpine meadows, i-taiga, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, i-steppe ne-tundra yezintaba - wonke la mabhande ahlanganisa i-Altai Territory.
Kukhona futhi izilwane eziningi nezinyoni kulezi zindawo. Emahlathini we-taiga, ungathola abamele umhlaba wezilwane njengebhere elinsundu, i-elk, ingulube yasendle, unogwaja omhlophe, i-wolverine, impisi nabanye abaningi. Izilwane eziningi ezihlala kule ndawo zibhalwe kuRed Book. Phakathi kwazo kubalwa omalusi, i-lynx, i-roe deer, i-otter, i-bustard nezinye. Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi we-Altai awusileli ekuphakameni kwawo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zezinhlanzi emanzini endawo.
Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Altai
Uphawu lweNtaba i-Altai yindawo yalo ephezulu kakhulu - iNtaba iBelukha. Abalandeli bezokungcebeleka okwedlulele kudala bakhetha le ndawo; abagibeli abaningi beza lapha ukuzonqoba isiqongo esingaweleki. Kodwa-ke, iBelukha nayo iyathakazelisa kubavakashi abavamile, ngoba ubuhle bayo bungajatshulelwa ezinyaweni, futhi, ngokusho kwezinkolelo nezinganekwane zabahlali bendawo, umuntu ubekwe icala lamandla akhethekile lapha.
IBelukha ineziqongo ezimbili - eseMpumalanga, esendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-4509, kanti iWestern eyodwa ingamamitha angu-4435. Okuncane eceleni kukhona isiqongo seDelone, esakha intaba eyodwa neBelukha. Kusuka phezulu kwawo lapho kuvela khona uMfula iKatun.
Izintaba nokuqwala iBelukha kuhlelwe ikakhulukazi kubahambi. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka hhayi kuphela ukuhlola amandla nokukhuthazela kwakho, kepha futhi nokuthatha izithombe ezinhle, kanye nokuthola imizwa eminingi emihle nokuvelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwencazelo yabantu abavakashele iBelukha noma ezinyaweni zayo, bathola ukukhanyiselwa futhi bezwa amandla angajwayelekile alezi zindawo. Akusilo ize abantu bomdabu base-Altai ukuthi le ntaba ingcwele.
Ichibi laseTeletskoye
Idamu elidume kunazo zonke esifundeni se-Altai yiLake Teletskoye. Ukuze ubonge ubuhle bayo, ungavele uhambe ogwini, noma okungcono kakhulu, uhambe ngesikebhe eduze nayo. Amanzi acwebile e-Crystal, akhombisa izintaba ezinhle kakhulu - lesi sithombe sizohlala sikhunjulwa njalo. Imvelo yeLake Teletskoye igcine ubunjalo bayo obuhle futhi ayikaze ivezwe kumuntu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngengxenye eseMpumalanga, lapho kutholakala khona i-Altai State Reserve, engaphansi kokuvikelwa yi-UNESCO.
ILake Teletskoye lidume ngezimpophoma zalo ezinhle kakhulu, eziningi zazo ezingafinyelelwa ngamanzi kuphela. Enye yezinto ezidume kakhulu impophoma yaseKorbu. Itholakala budebuduze nomzana wase-Artybash ogwini olusempumalanga yedamu futhi ubukeka umangalisa ngempela.
Amakhilomitha amane nje ukusuka eKorbu, kunenye impophoma efanele ukunakwa izivakashi - iKishte. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ubuhle bakho ungabazi kuphela ngokuhamba ngesikebhe, ngoba ukuhamba ogwini akunakwenzeka lapha.
Abathandi bamabhishi akufanele bathembele ethubeni lokubhukuda lapha, ngoba ngisho nasezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo, amanzi lapha abanda kakhulu - cishe ama-degree ayi-17.
Ezinye izinto ezithokozisayo zeGorny Altai
Izintaba ze-Altai zingumbono wazo uqobo, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukukhomba izindawo ezithile ezinganconywa kubavakashi ukuthi bazibuke. Ngaphezu kweLake Belukha neTeletskoye Lake, abahambi kufanele bavakashele:
- Isiqhingi sasePatmos neBandla likaSt. John the Evangelist.
- Ukuhlangana kwemifula iBiya neKatun.
- Imihume yaseTavdinskie.
- IChibi Aya.
- Amachibi eKarakol.
- Isiteshi samandla kagesi weChemal.
- Isigodi somfula iChulyshman.
Isiqhingi sasePatmos siseduze nedolobhana laseChemal. Le ndawo imangaza ngempela futhi iyajabulisa. Isiqhingi samatshe esinamadwala sikhona maphakathi noMfula iKatun futhi sigezwa ngamanzi aso oluluhlaza.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke ezintabeni zase-Ural.
ISonto LaseSt. John the Divine lakhiwa khona esiqhingini, umlando waso owabuyela emuva ngonyaka we-1849. Ungafika kuyo ngebhuloho lokumiswa ngokhuni eligingqika phezu kwamanzi anesiphepho eKatun.
Ngaphambi kokungena ebhulohweni, ungabona ubuso beNtombi eqoshiwe edwaleni - umsebenzi womunye wamanazaretha owayehlala esigodini esiseduze. Ngakwesokudla sendlela eya esiqhingini, izivakashi zingehlela osebeni loMfula iKatun zibabaze ubuhle bendawo ebukeka ngenye indlela.
Izintaba i-Altai zidume ngesinye sezikhumbuzo zazo zemvelo - ukuhlangana kwemifula iBiya neKatun. Kuleli qophelo lapho kuvela khona umfula onamandla amakhulu nobabazekayo eSiberia, i-Ob. Kuyafaneleka ukuza lapha ukubabaza into engokwemvelo engavamile, ngoba lapho kuhlangana khona amanzi emifula emibili akuhlangani. I-Turquoise Katun ne-Biya ebonakalayo ebonakalayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bezigeleza emifudlaneni emibili isikhathi eside, zithola umthunzi owodwa kancane kancane. Bonke lobu buhle ungabubona esiqhingini i-Ikonnikov, esibhekwa njengomngcele wemifula emithathu.
Imihume yaseTavdinskie ifakiwe esakhiweni sezivakashi "iTurquoise Katun" futhi ngokungangabazeki sifanelwe ukunakwa izivakashi. Zimelela inethiwekhi yokuwela ngaphakathi kwentaba engamakhilomitha ama-5 ubude. Imigede ineminyango eminingi futhi iyaphuma. Umgede omkhulu iTavdinskaya uthandwa kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kwalo ungabona imidwebo yamatshe yabantu basendulo, iminyaka yabo ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-4000. Ukuze kube lula izivakashi, kukhona ukukhanya ngaphakathi kulo mhume, futhi umnyango wawo unezinyathelo ezakhiwe ngokhuni.
Izivakashi ezikhetha iholide lasolwandle nakanjani zizolithokozela iLake Aya. Ehlobo, amanzi akulo afudumala kuze kube sezingeni lokushisa elifanele ukubhukuda. Kunamabhishi akhokhelwayo futhi amahhala anama-sun lounger nezambulela, ngaphezu kwalokho, ungagibela isikebhe noma i-catamaran. Indawo inhle kakhulu. Izungezwe yizinhlangothi zonke izihlahla ezinamakhaza futhi ezi-coniferous, ezibonakala emanzini amsulwa kakhulu. Maphakathi kwechibi kunesiqhingi esincane esine-gazebo, esingafinyelelwa kalula ngesikebhe noma nge-catamaran. Izungeze iLake Aya inengqalasizinda ethuthuke kahle. Kunezikhungo eziningi zokuzilibazisa, amahhotela, amathilomu nezimakethe eziseduze.
Amachibi aseKarakol atholakala ezinkangala zomfula i-Ilgo futhi amele inxanxathela yamachibi ayisikhombisa axhunywe yimifudlana nezimpophoma. Amachibi atholakala emazingeni ahlukene, futhi ubukhulu bawo buyancipha ngokukhuphuka okuphakeme. Amanzi kuwo wonke amadamu acacile futhi acwebezela njenge-crystal.
Isiteshi samandla kagesi iChemal siseduze nesiqhingi sasePatmos, ngakho-ke lezi zihambo ezimbili zingahlanganiswa kalula. Kusukela ngo-2011, lesi siteshi asizange sisetshenziselwe inhloso yaso, kepha sisebenza njengemyuziyamu yabavakashi. Ngaphezu kokubukwa okuhle okuvuleka kusukela kuleli phuzu, okuhehayo okwedlulele okusebenza lapha ehlobo kufanele ukunakwa kwezivakashi.
Indawo enhle ngokumangalisayo ezintabeni zase-Altai yisigodi soMfula iChulyshman kanye neKatu-Yaryk Pass. Amawa amakhulu, izimpophoma eziningi ezincane nezinkulu, imithambeka yezintaba - konke lokhu kubangela injabulo yangempela futhi kujabulisa iso.
Lolu akulona lonke uhlu lwezinto ezikhangayo ze-Altai Mountains, ngoba wonke amakhona lapha anokunambitheka kwawo, ahlukile futhi ajabulisa. Uhambo oluya kulesi sifunda luzokukhokhela amandla amahle isikhathi eside futhi likunikeze imizwa nokukhohlwa okungenakulibaleka.
