Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, iRussia yaqeda ukunyakaza kwayo "ukuhlangabezana nelanga". Indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemingcele esempumalanga yombuso yadlalwa yimikhankaso emibili eholwa nguVitus Bering (1681 - 1741). Isikhulu samatilosi esinethalente azibonakalisanga njengokaputeni onekhono kuphela, kodwa futhi njengomhleli omuhle nomhlinzeki. Impumelelo yale mikhankaso emibili yaba yintuthuko yangempela ekuhloleni kweSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude futhi yalethela owokuzalwa waseDenmark inkazimulo yetilosi elikhulu laseRussia.
1. Ukuhlonipha iBering, akubizwa ama-Commander Islands kuphela, ulwandle, i-cape, indawo yokuhlala, i-strit, i-glacier nesiqhingi, kepha futhi nesifunda esikhulu se-biogeographic. IBeringia ifaka ingxenye esempumalanga yeSiberia, iKamchatka, i-Alaska neziqhingi eziningi.
2. Umkhiqizo wewashi odumile waseDenmark ubizwa nangegama likaVitus Bering.
3. UVitus Bering wazalelwa, wakhulela eDenmark, wathola imfundo yasolwandle eHolland, kodwa wakhonza, ngaphandle kweminyaka embalwa yobusha, e-Russian Navy.
4. Njengabantu abaningi bakwamanye amazwe enkonzweni yaseRussia, uBering wayevela emndenini ohloniphekile kodwa owonakele.
5. Kwaphela iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, uBering wehla wangena ezinhlwini zawo womane amabutho okaputeni ngaleso sikhathi ayekhona emikhunjini yaseRussia. Kodwa-ke, ukuze abe ukaputeni wesigaba sokuqala, kwakudingeka afake incwadi yokwesula.
6. Uhambo lokuqala lwaseKamchatka kwakuwuhambo lokuqala emlandweni waseRussia, olwalunezinhloso zesayensi kuphela: ukuhlola nokubeka imephu yolwandle lolwandle bese uthola umngcele ophakathi kwe-Eurasia neMelika. Ngaphambi kwalokho, lonke ucwaningo lwendawo lwenziwa njengengxenye yesibili yemikhankaso.
7. IBering kwakungeyena owaqala iFirst Expedition. Wayalwa ukuba ahlomise futhi athumele uPeter I. Bering wanikelwa kubaholi ku-Admiralty, umbusi akazange akhathazeke. Imiyalo ubhalele uBering ngesandla sakhe.
8. Kungakuhle kakhulu ukubiza iBering Strait ngokuthi iSemyon Dezhnev Strait, eyathola ngekhulu le-17. Kodwa-ke, umbiko kaDezhnev wabambeka ezitsheni zokugaya eziphethe futhi watholwa kuphela ngemuva kohambo lukaBering.
9. Ingxenye yolwandle yeFirst Expedition (inqamula isuka eKamchatka iye eBering Strait, ihamba ngomkhumbi e-Arctic Ocean nasemuva) yathatha izinsuku ezingama-85. Futhi ukuze uthole umhlaba usuka eSt. Petersburg uye e-Okhotsk, uBering neqembu lakhe bathatha iminyaka engu-2,5. Kepha imephu eningiliziwe yomzila osuka engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia eya eSiberia yahlanganiswa nencazelo yemigwaqo nezindawo zokuhlala.
10. Lolu hambo lwaphumelela kakhulu. Ibalazwe lolwandle neziqhingi ezihlanganiswe uBering nabangaphansi kwakhe lalinembile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kwakuyibalazwe lokuqala loLwandlekazi iPacific Pacific oludwetshwa abaseYurophu. Iphinde yashicilelwa eParis naseLondon.
11. Ngalezo zinsuku, iKamchatka yahlolwa kabi kabi. Ukuze kufikwe olwandle iPacific Ocean, imithwalo yalolu hambo yayithuthwa yizinja ziwela ulwandle yonke ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-800. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKamchatka ukusuka lapho kudluliswa khona bekukhona amakhilomitha angama-200, abengambozwa kahle ulwandle.
12. Ohambweni lwesibili kwaba uhlelo lukaBering ngokuphelele. Uthuthukise uhlelo lwayo, ukulawulwa kokulawulwa futhi wabhekana nezinkinga zabasebenzi - ongoti abangaphezu kuka-500 bahlinzekelwa.
13. IBering yahlukaniswa ngokwethembeka ngokweqile. Isici esinjalo asithandanga iziphathimandla zaseSiberia, ezazithemba ukwenza inzuzo efanele ngesikhathi sokunikezwa kohambo olukhulu kangaka. Ngakho-ke, uBering kwadingeka achithe isikhathi ephikisa ukusola akutholayo futhi elawula yonke inqubo yokulethwa kwezigceme zakhe.
14. Uhambo lwesibili lwalunezinhloso eziningi. Icebo lakhe lokuhlola iKamchatka, iJapan, ugu lwe-Arctic Ocean kanye nogu lwaseNyakatho Melika iPacific labizwa ngeGreat Northern Expedition. Ukulungiswa kwempahla kuphela okwathatha iminyaka emithathu - isipikili ngasinye kwakudingeka sihanjiswe kulo lonke elaseRussia.
15. Idolobha lasePetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky lasungulwa phakathi nohambo lwesibili lweBering. Ngaphambi komkhankaso, kwakungekho mizi ePetropavlovsk Bay.
Imiphumela ye-Second Expedition ingathathwa njengenhlekelele. Amatilosi aseRussia afika eMelika, kepha ngenxa yokuphela kwempahla, baphoqeleka ukuthi babuyele emuva ngokushesha. Imikhumbi ilahlekile. Umkhumbi, owayengukaputeni wakhe u-A. Chirikov, yize ayelahlekelwe yingxenye yabasebenzi, wakwazi ukufika eKamchatka. Kodwa i- "Saint Peter", lapho uBering ayehamba ngayo, yaphahlazeka e-Aleutian Islands. IBering neningi labasebenzi babulawa yindlala nezifo. Bangu-46 kuphela abantu ababuyile kulolu hambo.
17. Uhambo lwesibili lonakaliswa yisinqumo sokufuna iziQhingi zeCompania ezingekho, okuthiwa zakhiwe ngesiliva elimsulwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, imikhumbi yalolu hambo, esikhundleni se-65th parallel, yahamba nge-45th, eyandisa indlela yayo eya ogwini lwaseMelika cishe kabili.
18. Isimo sezulu naso sabamba iqhaza ekwehlulekeni kukaBering noChirikov - lonke lolu hambo lwalumbozwe amafu futhi amatilosi ahluleka ukunquma izixhumanisi zawo.
19. Unkosikazi kaBering wayengumSweden. Ezinganeni eziyishumi ezazalwa emshadweni, eziyisithupha zashona zisencane.
20. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwengcwaba likaBering nokumbiwa kwezinsalela zamatilosi, kwavela ukuthi, ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, akazange abulawe yi-scurvy - amazinyo akhe ayephelele.
