INtaba i-Elbrus yiyona ephakeme kunazo zonke eRussia: isithombe, umqansa * Izinto

Enye "Yezingqungquthela Eziyisikhombisa" zomhlaba kanye neYurophu, lapho okwazalelwa khona izintaba zaseRussia yiNtaba i-Elbrus - iMecca yabashushuluzi, abagibeli abakhululekile, abagijimi abagadla emithambekeni. Ngokuziqeqesha ngokwasemzimbeni nangemishini efanelekile, isigebenga sentaba silalela cishe wonke umuntu. Igcwalisa imifula yeNorth Caucasus ngamanzi ancibilikisa amanzi.

Indawo yeNtaba i-Elbrus

Endaweni lapho kutholakala khona umngcele wamaRiphabhuliki eKarachay-Cherkess naseKabardino-Balkarian, "intaba yezintaba eziyinkulungwane" iphakama. Le yindlela u-Elbrus abizwa ngayo ngolimi lwesiKarachai-Balkarian. Ukuxhumanisa kwendawo kwendawo:

nobude: 43 ° 20'45 ″ N. sh., 42 ° 26'55 ″ ngaphakathi. njll.;
Iziqongo zaseNtshonalanga nezaseMpumalanga zifinyelela ku-5642 no-5621 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.

Lezi ziqongo zitholakala ebangeni lamakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngezansi phakathi kwabo, endaweni ephakeme ye-5416 m, isihlalo sigijima, kusuka lapho isigaba sokugcina sokwenyuka sinqotshwa khona.

Izici zezimo zemvelo

Iminyaka yesigebenga esakhiwe ingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1 million. Kwakukade kuyintaba-mlilo eqhumayo. Isimo sakhe okwamanje asikaziwa. Iziphethu zamanzi amaminerali ezifudumele zifike ku + 60 ° C, ziphuma emadwaleni, zifakazela intaba-mlilo elele okwesikhashana. Ukuqhuma kokugcina kwaba ngo-50 AD. e.

Le ntaba ibhekene nesimo sezulu esibi. Ebusika, amazinga okushisa asukela ku -10 ° C ngezansi kuya ku -25 ° C cishe ku-2500 m, eziqongweni ezifika ku -40 ° C. Ukuwa kweqhwa okukhulu akuvamile e-Elbrus.

Ehlobo, ngaphansi kokuphakama kwama-2500 m, umoya ushisa kuze kufike ku- + 10 ° C. Ku-4200 m, amazinga okushisa kaJulayi angaphansi kuka-0 ° C. Isimo sezulu lapha asizinzile: imvamisa ilanga elithule libalele lishintshwa kungazelelwe yisimo sezulu esibi neqhwa nomoya. Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke eRussia ikhanya ngokukhazimulayo ngezinsuku ezishisayo. Esimweni sezulu esibi, imbozwe inkungu efiphele yamafu agugile.

Ukukhululeka kwezintaba esifundeni i-Elbrus - imihosha, amadiphozi amatshe, imifudlana yeqhwa, imifula yezimpophoma. Ngemuva komaki wamamitha angama-3500 eNtabeni i-Elbrus, kubonakala izimbiza zeqhwa ezinamachibi, imithambeka ene-moraine eyingozi, namatshe amaningi ahambayo. Indawo ephelele yokwakheka kwe-glacial yi-145 km².

Ku-5500 m, ingcindezi yasemkhathini ingu-380 mm Hg, uhhafu walowo emhlabeni.

Kafushane ngomlando wokunqoba

Uhambo lokuqala lwesayensi lwaseRussia oluya e-Elbrus lwahlelwa ngo-1829. Abahlanganyeli abangafinyeleli engqungqutheleni, yanqotshwa kuphela ngumhlahlandlela. Eminyakeni engama-45 kamuva, iqembu lamaNgisi ngosizo lomhlahlandlela lakhuphuka isiqongo esisentshonalanga sentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu. Imephu yesimo sendawo yale ndawo yaqala ukwakhiwa ngumcwaningi wamasosha waseRussia u-Pastukhov, owakhuphuka zombili iziqongo ezingahambisani nalokhu. Phakathi neminyaka yamandla aseSoviet, izwe lakha izintaba zezemidlalo, ukunqotshwa kweziqongo zaseCaucasus kwakuyindaba yokuvelela.

Intaba ye-Elbrus eneqhwa ebandayo ayibethusi abathandi. Amaholide abo awawasebenzisi emabhishi agcwele abantu, kepha basendleleni eya esiqongweni esishiyiwe ukuze babe namandla futhi babekezelele kakhudlwana. Kunendaba eyaziwayo mayelana neBalkarian Akhiy Sattaev, owenza ama-9 anyukela eziqongweni, okokugcina eneminyaka eyi-121.

Ingqalasizinda, ukushushuluza eqhweni

Isakhiwo sezinsiza nezinsizakalo sithuthukiswa ngokwanele kuphela emthambekeni oseningizimu we-Elbrus, lapho kune-12 km yezimoto zekhebula, amahhotela, izindawo zokufika zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Imizila engxenyeni eseningizimu ibiyelwe kancane, cishe ayithikamezi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. Kukhona amalifti emigwaqweni emikhulu ematasa. Ubude bemithambeka bungu-35 km. Kukhona amathrekhi abo bobabili abasubathi abanolwazi nabaqalayo.

Kunesikole se-ski nokuqashwa kwemishini yezemidlalo. Ukukhuphuka emithambekeni ngabahleli beqhwa (amatekisi e-alpine) kuhlelekile. Ama-freerider ehliswa ngendiza enophephela emhlane angene emithambekeni yezintombi, lapho ehla khona ngejubane elikhulu.

Isikhathi sokushushuluza siqala maphakathi noNovemba futhi siqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Kwesinye isikhathi iqhwa lilele kakhulu emithambekeni yentaba ephakeme kakhulu i-Elbrus kuze kube nguMeyi. Izindawo ezikhethiwe ziyatholakala kulabo abashushuluza unyaka wonke. IDombay (1600-3050 m) iyindawo ekhanga kakhulu futhi ehlonishwayo yaseRussia yokushibilika eqhweni. Abashushuluzi abaningi bathanda imithambeka yeCheget, ephikisana nemithambeka yeqhwa laseYurophu. Kusukela emphemeni wokubuka, izivakashi zijabulela ukubukwa kwendalo ezungezile, ziphumule ku-cafe yenkolo ethi "Ay", lapho uBard Y. Vizbor evame ukuvakashela khona.

Izivakashi zinikezwa izindiza zokundiza, zikhuphuka emadwaleni eqhwa. URatracks uzokhushulwa emithambekeni ephezulu ukukhombisa i-panorama yeCaucasus. Izithombe nezithombe zale ndawo kudlulisa ubuhle obugqamile bendawo ezungezile. Ngaphansi kwabavakashi bezintaba babingelelwa ngamathilomu, izindawo zokudlela, ama-billiard salon, ama-sauna.

Incazelo yezici zokukhuphuka kwentaba

Ngisho nezinsuku ezimbalwa esimweni sezulu esinezintaba kuyisivivinyo esinzima kumuntu ongazilungiselele. Kunconywa ukuthi abaqalayo baqale indlela enzima phakathi ehlobo ukusuka emthambekeni oseningizimu ngaphansi kokuholwa ngumhlahlandlela onolwazi. Ukuhambisana nemigomo yokuvumelana, ukutholakala kwemishini edingekayo kuyadingeka. Isikhathi sokukhuphuka siqala ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Imizila yezinkomba ezihlukile iye yathuthukiswa e-Elbrus. Ukusuka eningizimu, izivakashi zithatha ikhebula lemoto ingxenye yendlela eya phezulu. Ngokukhuphuka okuqhubekayo, ukuhlelwa kohambo lokuya ezindaweni eziphakeme kuhlelwe.

Okokuzithokozisa, izindawo zokulondoloza izinguzunga zeqhwa zihlelwe, ngokwesibonelo, izindawo zokuvikela izinqola ezivalekile “iBochki” (3750 m) noma ihhotela likanokusho “iLiprus” (3912 m). Ukuphumula ehhotela eliphakeme lezintaba "i-Priyut 11" (4100 m) kanye nokuqhelana nokujwayela izindawo eziya ePastukhov Rocks (4700 m) ukuqinisa umzimba, ukulungiselela izivakashi i-dash up enqumayo.

Umzila osenyakatho unzima kakhulu kunendlela yaseningizimu, unamadwala futhi mude ngesikhathi. Igijimela engqungqutheleni esempumalanga ngeLenz Rocks (4600-5200 m). Cishe akukho nsizakalo lapha, kepha i-adrenaline, eyeqisayo, eyingqayizivele yamathafa aseCaucasus ngaphandle kwemikhakha yempucuko inikezwa. Isitobhi senziwa eNyakatho Shelter. Ukwehla kudlula "kumakhowe amatshe" neziphethu ezishisayo zepheshana le-Dzhily-Su (2500 m) elinomgodi we-narzan, osetshenziswa ehlobo ukugeza okugeza.

Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke ama-Himalaya.

Abadlali abanamandla ngokomzimba kuphela abanqoba umqansa obukekayo ngokugeleza kwelava le-Akcheryakol.

Uhambo oluya eMount Elbrus

Imihlahlandlela yezinkampani nezinkampani zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kubavakashi abafisa ukukhuphuka ngokuphepha iziqongo, babanikeze imininingwane edingekayo. Abahlanganyeli bomqansa kumele bakhumbule ukuthi iNtaba i-Elbrus inezimanga ngendlela yezimo zemvelo ezingathandeki:

Isimo sezulu esibi - amakhaza, iqhwa, umoya, ukungabonakali kahle;
umoya omncane, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo;
imisebe eyingozi ye-ultraviolet;
ukutholakala kwamagesi anesulfure.

Izivakashi kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke ngojosaka osindayo, zichithe ubusuku bonke ematendeni abandayo, futhi zintula izinto zokuzithokozisa. Ikhono lokusebenzisa imbazo yeqhwa, ukuhamba ngenqwaba enkundleni yeqhwa, nokulalela isiyalo kuzosisiza. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokusobala amandla, isimo sempilo ukuze ugweme izimo ezingalindelekile.

Ufika kanjani lapho

Izindawo zokungcebeleka zaseStavropol zinokuxhumana okuvamile kwesitimela nomoya namadolobha aseRussia. Ukusuka lapha uye ezindaweni ezisezintabeni amabhasi okushutha, ukuhanjiswa kwamatekisi emigwaqo, kuqashwa imoto. Amaqembu ohambo anikezwa ngokudluliswa.

Isitimela sansuku zonke sigijimela eNalchik sisuka esiteshini sesitimela saseMoscow Kazansky. Uhambo luthatha cishe amahora angama-34. Ukusuka eSt. Petersburg isitimela siya eMineralnye Vody kuphela.