Izintaba zaseHimalaya zibhekwa njengezintaba eziphakeme kunazo zonke futhi eziyimfihlakalo kakhulu emhlabeni. Igama lalolu hlu lingahunyushwa lisuselwa kusiSanskrit ngokuthi "izwe leqhwa". AmaHimalaya asebenza njengokwehlukanisa okunemibandela phakathi kweNingizimu ne-Asia Ephakathi. AmaHindu abheka indawo yawo njengezwe elingcwele. Izinganekwane eziningi zithi iziqongo zezintaba zaseHimalaya kwakuyindawo yokuhlala kukankulunkulu uShiva, umkakhe uDevi nendodakazi yabo uHimavata. Ngokwezinkolelo zasendulo, indawo yokuhlala konkulunkulu yaveza imifula emithathu emikhulu yase-Asia - i-Indu, iGanges, iBrahmaputra.
Umsuka wamaHimalaya
Kuthathe izigaba eziningana ukuqala nokuthuthuka kwezintaba ze-Himalaya, ezithathe iminyaka engaba ngu-50 000 000. Abaphenyi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuqala kwezintaba zaseHimalaya kwanikezwa izingqimba ezimbili zethectonic ezazishayisana.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi samanje uhlelo lwezintaba luyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka kwalo, ukwakheka kokugoqwa. Ipuleti laseNdiya lihambela ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga ngejubane lama-5 cm ngonyaka, ngenkathi lingena ngo-4 mm. Izazi zithi intuthuko enjalo izoholela ekuphindeni kuhlangane kabusha phakathi kweNdiya neTibet.
Ijubane lale nqubo lifaniswa nokukhula kwezipikili zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi omkhulu wokuma komhlaba ngendlela yokuzamazama komhlaba ubonwa ngezikhathi ezithile ezintabeni.
Iqiniso elihlaba umxhwele - amaHimalaya athatha ingxenye enkulu yobuso bomhlaba (0.4%). Le ndawo inkulu ngokungenakuqhathaniswa uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezisezintabeni.
Kukuliphi izwekazi iHimalaya: imininingwane yezwe
Abavakashi abalungiselela uhambo kufanele bathole ukuthi zikuphi iHimalaya. Indawo yabo yizwekazi lase-Eurasia (ingxenye yalo yase-Asia). Enyakatho, i-massif eyakhelene ne-Tibetan Plateau. Ohlangothini oluseningizimu, le ndima yaya e-Indo-Gangetic Plain.
Uhlelo lwezintaba zeHimalaya lulula ngamakhilomitha angama-2 500, futhi ububanzi balo okungenani bungu-350 km. Indawo ephelele yamalungu afanayo ingu-650,000 m2.
Iningi lamagquma aseHimalaya liziqhayisa ngamabanga aphakeme angafika kuma-6 km. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu limelwe yiNtaba i-Everest, ebizwa nangokuthi yiChomolungma. Ukuphakama kwayo okuphelele kungama-8848 m, okuyirekhodi phakathi kwezinye iziqongo zezintaba emhlabeni. Ukuxhumanisa kwe-Geographic - 27 ° 59'17 "latitude latitude, 86 ° 55'31" longitude longitude.
AmaHimalaya asakazeke emazweni amaningi. Hhayi amaShayina namaHindu kuphela, kodwa nabantu baseBhutan, Myanmar, Nepal nasePakistan bangaziqhenya ngokusondela ezintabeni ezinkulu. Izigaba zaleli banga lezintaba zikhona ezindaweni zamanye amazwe aseSoviet: ITajikistan ifaka uhla lwezintaba ezisenyakatho (iPamir).
Izici zezimo zemvelo
Izimo zemvelo zezintaba ze-Himalaya azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi zithambile futhi zizinzile. Isimo sezulu kule ndawo sijwayele ukushintsha njalo. Izindawo eziningi zinendawo enobungozi namakhaza ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ngisho nasehlobo, isithwathwa sihlala size sifike ku -25 ° C, kuthi ebusika sikhuphukele ku -40 ° C. Ensimini yezintaba, imimoya yesiphepho ayivamile, imimoya efinyelela ku-150 km / h. Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakeme likhuphukela ku- + 30 ° С.
Ezintabeni zaseHimalaya, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izimo zezulu ezi-4. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, izintaba zimbozwe ngamakhambi nezimbali zasendle, futhi umoya upholile futhi uhlanzekile. Kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti, imvula ibusa ezintabeni, inani elikhulu lemvula lina. Kulezi zinyanga zasehlobo, imithambeka yezintaba imbozwe uhlaza oluchumayo, inkungu ivame ukuvela. Izimo zezulu ezifudumele nezintofontofo zihlala kuze kufike uNovemba, ngemuva kwalokho kungena ubusika obuyisithwathwa obushisayo obuneziqhwa ezinzima.
Incazelo yezwe lesitshalo
Izimila zaseHimalaya ziyamangaza ngokuhlukahluka kwazo. Emthambekeni oseningizimu kuncike emvuleni, amabhande aphakeme kakhulu abonakala kahle, futhi amahlathi wangempela (terai) akhula ngaphansi kwezintaba. Izihlahlana ezinkulu zezihlahla nezihlahla zitholakala ngobuningi kulezi zindawo. Kwezinye izindawo, kutholakala imivini eminyene, uqalo, ubhanana omningi, izintende ezikhula kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka kufike ezindaweni ezihloselwe ukutshala izitshalo ezithile. Lezi zindawo zivame ukususwa futhi zikhishwe ngabantu.
Ukukhuphuka kancane ngaphesheya kwemithambeka, ungaphephela emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezihlangene, ezihlangene, ngemuva kwawo, kukhona izimfunda ezinhle zasezintabeni. Enyakatho yezintaba nasezindaweni ezomile, le ndawo imelwe yi-steppe nama-semi-desert.
E-Himalaya, kunezihlahla ezinikeza abantu izinkuni ezibizayo ne-resin. Lapha ungafika ezindaweni lapho i-dhaka, izihlahla ezinonile zikhula khona. Ekuphakameni kwamakhilomitha ama-4, kutholakala inqwaba yezimila ngesimo sama-rhododendron kanye nobulembu.
Izilwane zasendaweni
Izintaba zaseHimalaya seziphenduke indawo ephephile yezilwane eziningi ezisengozini. Lapha ungahlangana nabamele abangavamile bezilwane zasendaweni - ingwe yeqhwa, ibhere elimnyama nempungushe yaseTibetan. Esifundeni esiseningizimu sezintaba, kunezimo zonke ezidingekayo zokuhlala izingwe, amahlosi nobhejane. Abamele amaHimalaya asenyakatho afaka ama-yak, ama-antelopes, izimbuzi zasentabeni, amahhashi asendle.
Ngaphezu kwezitshalo nezilwane ezicebe kakhulu, amaHimalaya agcwele izinhlobonhlobo zamaminerali. Kulezi zindawo, kukhiqizwa ngenkuthalo igolide elixekethile, ithusi ne-chrome ore, uwoyela, itswayi usawoti, amalahle ansundu.
Amapaki nezigodi
E-Himalaya, ungavakashela amapaki nezigodi, eziningi zazo ezibhalwe njengohlu lwezindawo ezingamagugu emhlabeni ze-UNESCO:
- USagarmatha.
- UNanda Devi.
- Imbali Valley.
ISagarmatha National Park ingeyendawo yeNepal. Isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-Everest, nezinye izintaba eziphakeme zibhekwa njengempahla yayo ekhethekile.
INanda Devi Park ingcebo yemvelo yaseNdiya, esenkabeni yezintaba zeHimalaya. Le ndawo enhle itholakala ezansi kwegquma elinegama elifanayo, futhi inendawo engaphezu kwamahektha angama-60,000. Ukuphakama kwepaki ngaphezu kogu lolwandle akuyona ngaphansi kwama-3500 m.
Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zaseNanda Devi zimelwe izinguzunga zeqhwa ezinkulu, uMfula iRishi Ganga, iSkeleton Lake eliyindida, lapho, ngokwenganekwane, kwatholakala izinsalela eziningi zabantu nezilwane. Kuyamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ukuwa okungazelelwe kwesichotho esikhulu ngokungavamile kwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi.
IFlower Valley itholakala budebuduze neNanda Devi Park. Lapha, endaweni engaba amahektha angama-9000, kukhula izitshalo ezimibalabala ezingamakhulu amaningana. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 zezimbali ezihlobisa isigodi saseNdiya zithathwa njengezisengozini, kanti izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha. Kulezi zindawo kuhlala nezinyoni ezinhlobonhlobo. Iningi lazo liyabonakala eNcwadini Ebomvu.
Amathempeli amaBuddhist
Izintaba zaseHimalaya zidume ngezindela zazo ezingamaBuddha, eziningi zazo ezitholakala ezindaweni eziqhelile, futhi ziyizakhiwo eziqoshwe edwaleni. Iningi lamathempeli linomlando omude wobukhona, kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-1000 ubudala, futhi lihola indlela yokuphila "evaliwe". Ezinye zezindela zivulekele wonke umuntu ofuna ukujwayela indlela yokuphila yezindela, umhlobiso wangaphakathi wezindawo ezingcwele. Ungenza izithombe ezinhle kuzo. Ukungena endaweni yezinye izindawo ezingcwele zabavakashi akuvunyelwe.
Sincoma ukuthi ubheke ulimi lweTroll.
Izigodlo ezinkulu nezihlonishwa kakhulu zifaka:
Ithempeli lenkolo eligadwe ngokucophelela elikuyo yonke indawo e-Himalaya yi-stupa yamaBuddha. Lezi zikhumbuzo zenkolo zakhiwa yizindela zesikhathi esedlule ukuhlonipha noma yimuphi umcimbi obalulekile eBuddhism, kanye nenhloso yokuchuma nokuzwana emhlabeni wonke.
Izivakashi ezivakashela iHimalaya
Isikhathi esifanelekile sokuhambela ama-Himalaya yisikhathi esivela kuMeyi kuya kuJulayi nangoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba. Ngalezi zinyanga, abavakashi bangathembela esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesifudumele, ukungabi bikho kwemvula enamandla nemimoya enamandla. Kubathandi bezemidlalo ye-adrenaline, zimbalwa izindawo zokungcebeleka ze-ski zesimanje.
Ezintabeni zeHimalaya, ungathola amahhotela namahhotela ezigaba zamanani ahlukahlukene. Ezindaweni zokuhlala zenkolo, kunezindlu ezikhethekile zabahambi nabakhulekeli benkolo yasendaweni - ama-ashram, anezimo zokuphila zokuzincisha. Indawo yokuhlala kulezo zindawo ishibhile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ingaba mahhala ngokuphelele. Esikhundleni senani elinqunyiwe, isivakashi singanikela ngomnikelo wokuzithandela noma usizo ngomndeni.
