U-Andrey Arsenievich Tarkovsky (1932-1986) - Umqondisi weshashalazi waseSoviet nomqondisi wefilimu, umbhali wesikrini. Amafilimu akhe athi "Andrei Rublev", "The Mirror" nethi "Stalker" afakwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwizilinganiso zomsebenzi wefilimu ohamba phambili emlandweni.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaTarkovsky, esizoxoxa ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho umlando omfushane ka-Andrei Tarkovsky.
Biography Tarkovski
Andrei Tarkovsky wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 4, 1932 edolobhaneni elincane laseZavrazhie (esifundeni saseKostroma). Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ofundile.
Ubaba womqondisi, u-Arseny Alexandrovich, wayeyimbongi nomhumushi. Umama, uMaria Ivanovna, wayethweswe iziqu e-Literary Institute. Ngaphandle kuka-Andrei, abazali bakhe babenendodakazi, uMarina.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa kuka-Andrew, umndeni Tarkovski wahlala eMoscow. Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, ubaba wakhe washiya umndeni waya komunye wesifazane.
Ngenxa yalokho, umama kwakudingeka anakekele izingane yedwa. Umndeni uvame ukuntula izinto ezibalulekile. Ekuqaleni kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945), uTarkovsky, kanye nonina nodadewabo, bathuthela eYuryevets, lapho kwakuhlala khona izihlobo zabo.
Impilo e-Yuryevets yashiya uphawu olukhulu ku-biography ka-Andrei Tarkovsky. Kamuva, lokhu okuvelayo kuzobonakala kufilimu ethi "Mirror".
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umndeni wabuyela enhlokodolobha, lapho aqhubeka khona nokuya esikoleni. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umuntu afunda naye wayeyimbongi edumile u-Andrei Voznesensky. Ngasikhathi sinye, uTarkovsky waya esikoleni somculo, ekilasini lepiyano.
Esikoleni esiphakeme, le nsizwa yayihlanganyela ekudwebeni esikoleni sobuciko sendawo. Ngemva kokuthola isitifiketi, u-Andrey waphasa ngempumelelo izivivinyo eMoscow Institute of Oriental Studies ku-faculty yase-Arab.
Kakade ngonyaka wokuqala wokufunda, uTarkovsky waqaphela ukuthi wayejahe ukukhetha umsebenzi. Ngaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe, waxhumana nenkampani embi, yingakho aqala ukuphila impilo engafanele. Kamuva uyavuma ukuthi umama wakhe wamsindisa, owamsiza ukuthi athole umsebenzi eqenjini le-geological.
Njengelungu lomkhankaso, u-Andrei Tarkovsky wachitha cishe unyaka ehlathini elijulile, kude nempucuko. Ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya, wangena emnyangweni wokuqondisa eVGIK.
Amafilimu
Lapho ngo-1954 uTarkovsky eba umfundi e-VGIK, kwadlula unyaka selokhu kwashona uStalin. Ngenxa yalokhu, umbuso wobushiqela ezweni uye wathamba ngandlela thile. Lokhu kusize umfundi ukuthi ashintshisane ngolwazi nozakwabo bangaphandle futhi azi kabanzi nge-cinema yaseNtshonalanga.
Amafilimu aqala ukushutha ngenkuthalo e-USSR. I-biography yokudala ka-Andrei Tarkovsky yaqala eneminyaka engama-24. Iteyipu yakhe yokuqala yabizwa ngokuthi "Ababulali", ngokususelwa emsebenzini ka-Ernest Hemingway.
Ngemuva kwalokho, umqondisi osemusha wenza amanye amafilimu amafushane amabili. Noma kunjalo, othisha baqaphela ithalente lika-Andrey futhi babikezela ikusasa elihle ngaye.
Ngokushesha lo mfana wahlangana no-Andrei Konchalovsky, owayefunda naye eyunivesithi efanayo. Abafana ngokushesha baba abangane futhi baqala ukubambisana ngokuhlanganyela. Bebonke babhala imibhalo eminingi futhi ngokuzayo babehlanganyela njalo okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo.
Ngo-1960, uTarkovsky waphothula iziqu zakhe esikoleni, ngemuva kwalokho waqala ukusebenza. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesesungule umbono wakhe webhayisikobho. Amafilimu akhe abonisa ukuhlupheka namathemba abantu abazithathela umthwalo wesibopho sokuziphatha kubo bonke abantu.
U-Andrey Arsenievich unake kakhulu ukukhanya nokuzwakala, umsebenzi wawo bekuwukusiza isibukeli ukuthi sizwe ngokugcwele lokho esikubona esikrinini.
Ku-1962 kudlalwé umdlalo wakhe wobude obugcwele wezempi u-Ivan's Childhood. Naphezu kokushoda okukhulu kwesikhathi nemali, uTarkovsky wakwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi futhi athole ukuqashelwa kwabagxeki nakubabukeli abavamile. Le filimu ithole cishe izindondo eziyishumi nambili zomhlaba wonke, kubalwa neGolden Lion.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, lo muntu wethule ifilimu yakhe edumile ethi "Andrei Rublev", eyathola ukuthandwa masinyane emhlabeni wonke. Ngokokuqala ngqa e-cinema yaseSoviet, kwanikezwa umbono obabazekayo wohlangothi lwezenkolo, lwenkolo lwasendulo lweRussia. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi u-Andrei Konchalovsky wayengumbhali-mbhali weskripthi.
Ngo-1972, uTarkovsky wethula idrama yakhe entsha, uSolaris, ezingxenyeni ezimbili. Lo msebenzi futhi wajabulisa izilaleli zamazwe amaningi futhi ngenxa yalokho waklonyeliswa ngeGrand Prix yeCannes Film Festival. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwenhlolovo ethile, uSolaris uphakathi kwamafilimu eziqanjiwe zesayensi amakhulu kunawo wonke.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, u-Andrei Tarkovsky wadubula ifilimu ethi "Mirror", eyayineziqephu eziningi ezivela ku-biography yakhe. Indima enkulu waya kuMargarita Tereshkova.
Ngo-1979, i-premiere ye- "Stalker", isuselwa emsebenzini wabazalwane baseStrugatsky "Roadside Picnic", yenzeka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inguqulo yokuqala yalo mdlalo wedrama ifele izizathu zobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yalokho, umqondisi kwakudingeka aphinde adubule okokusebenza amahlandla amathathu.
Abamele iSoviet State Film Agency babele ifilimu isigaba sesithathu sokusatshalaliswa, okuvumela ukuthi kwenziwe amakhophi angama-196 kuphela. Lokhu bekusho ukuthi ukumbozwa kwezithameli bekukuncane.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalokhu, i- "Stalker" ibukwe ngabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezine. Le filimu iwine i-Ecumenical Jury Prize kuCannes Film Festival. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lo msebenzi uye waba ngomunye obaluleke kakhulu ku-biography yomqondisi yokudala.
Ngemuva kwalokho u-Andrei Tarkovsky udubule ezinye izithombe ezi-3: "Isikhathi sokuhamba", "I-Nostalgia" ne "Sacrifice". Wonke lawa mafilimu aqoshwa phesheya, lapho indoda nomndeni wayo besekudingisweni e-Italy kusukela ngo-1980.
Ukuthuthela phesheya kwaphoqeleka, ngoba zombili izikhulu nozakwabo esitolo baphazamisa umsebenzi kaTarkovsky.
Ehlobo lika-1984, u-Andrei Arsenievich, emhlanganweni womphakathi eMilan, wamemezela ukuthi uthathe isinqumo sokuhlala eNtshonalanga. Lapho ubuholi be-USSR buthola ngalokhu, kwavimbela ukusakazwa kwamafilimu kaTarkovsky ezweni, kanye nokumbiza ngokushicilelwa.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi iziphathimandla zaseFlorence zinikeze inkosi yaseRussia ifulethi futhi zamnika isihloko sokuba yisakhamuzi esihloniphekile sedolobha.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomkakhe wokuqala, umlingisi u-Irma Raush, uTarkovsky wahlangana phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokufunda. Lo mshado uqhubeke kusuka ku-1957 kuya ku-1970. Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana waba nomfana, u-Arseny.
Unkosikazi olandelayo ka-Andrei kwakunguLarisa Kizilova, owayengumsizi wakhe ngenkathi kuqoshwa u-Andrei Rublev. Kusukela emshadweni odlule, uLarisa wayenendodakazi, u-Olga, umqondisi avuma ukuyithatha. Kamuva baba nendodana evamile, u-Andrei.
Lapho esemusha, uTarkovsky waqoma uValentina Malyavina, owenqaba ukuhlala naye. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi bobabili u-Andrei noValentina babeshade ngaleso sikhathi.
Le ndoda ibinobudlelwano obusondelene nomsiki wengqephu u-Inger Person, ahlangana naye ngaphambi nje kokuba ashone. Umphumela walobu budlelwane kwaba ukuzalwa kwengane engumlanjwana, u-Alexander, uTarkovsky angakaze ambone.
Ukufa
Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, u-Andrei watholakala enomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Odokotela babengasakwazi ukumsiza, ngoba lesi sifo sase sifike esigabeni sokugcina. Lapho iSoviet Union izwa ngesimo sakhe sempilo esibuhlungu, izikhulu zaphinde zavumela ukuthi kukhonjiswe amafilimu akubo.
U-Andrey Arsenievich Tarkovsky washona ngoDisemba 29, 1986 eneminyaka engama-54. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseFrance eSainte-Genevieve-des-Bois, lapho kuphumula khona abantu abadume kakhulu baseRussia.
Izithombe zeTarkovsky
