UStanley Kubrick (1928-1999) - Umqondisi wefilimu waseBrithani nowaseMelika, umbhali wesikrini, umkhiqizi wamafilimu, umhleli, umthwebuli wezithombe zomthwebuli wezithombe nomthwebuli zithombe. Ubhekwa njengomunye wabenzi bamafilimu abavelele engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20.
Owine inqwaba yemiklomelo ehlonishwayo yamafilimu, kufaka phakathi i- "Golden Lion for a Career" ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphumelele ebhayisikobho. Ku-2018, i-International Astronomical Union yaqamba intaba kuCharon enkumbulweni yakhe.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaKubrick, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaStanley Kubrick.
I-Biography kaKubrick
UStanley Kubrick wazalwa ngoJulayi 26, 1928 eNew York. Wakhulela emndenini wamaJuda kaJacob Leonard noSadie Gertrude. Ngaphezu kwakhe, umndeni wakwaKubrick wazalelwa intombazane egama linguBarbara Mary.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UStanley wakhulela emndenini ocebile owawungalandeli empeleni amasiko nezinkolelo zamaJuda. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mfana akazange akholwe kuNkulunkulu futhi wangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.
Ngesikhathi esemusha, uKubrick wafunda ukudlala i-chess. Lo mdlalo akazange ayeke ukumthakazelisa kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, ubaba wakhe wamnika ikhamera, ngenxa yalokho waba nentshisekelo yokuthwebula izithombe. Esikoleni, wathola amamaki aphakathi nendawo kuzo zonke izifundo.
Abazali babemthanda kakhulu uStanley, ngakho bamvumela ukuba aphile ngendlela ayefuna ngayo. Esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, wayeseqenjini lomculo oshintshayo, edlala izigubhu. Bese efuna nokuhlanganisa impilo yakhe ne-jazz.
Ngokumangazayo, uStanley Kubrick wayengumthwebuli wezithombe osemthethweni wesikole sakubo. Ngesikhathi se-biography yakhe, wakwazi ukuthola imali ngokudlala i-chess, enza kumakilabhu endawo.
Ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi, uKubrick wazama ukungena enyuvesi, kepha wehluleka izivivinyo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kamuva wavuma ukuthi abazali bakhe benza okuncane ukumfundisa, nokuthi esikoleni wayengenandaba nazo zonke izifundo.
Amafilimu
Ngisho nasebusheni bakhe, uStanley wayevame ukuvakashela amabhayisikobho. Wahlatshwa umxhwele ikakhulukazi umsebenzi kaMax Ophuls, ozobonakala emsebenzini wakhe ngokuzayo.
UKubrick waqala umsebenzi wakhe embonini yamafilimu eneminyaka engama-33, wenza amafilimu amafushane enkampanini kaMashi weTime. Kakade ifilimu yakhe yokuqala ethi "Fight Day", eqoshwe ngezimali zakhe, uthole izibuyekezo eziphezulu ezivela kubagxeki bamafilimu.
Ngemuva kwalokho uStanley wethule amadokhumentari athi "Flying Padre" nethi "Sea Riders". Ngo-1953, waqondisa ifilimu yakhe yokuqala, ethi Fear and Desire, engazange ibonwe.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ifilimu yomqondisi yagcwaliswa kabusha nge-Kiss Killer's Kiss. Ukuqashelwa kokuqala kwangempela kwafika kuye ngemuva kokuqala komdlalo we-Paths of Glory (1957), owalandisa ngezehlakalo zeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918).
Ngo-1960, umlingisi wamafilimu uKirk Douglas, owakhipha i-biopic Spartacus, wamema uKubrick ukuba athathe isikhundla somqondisi oxoshiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, uStanley wayala ukuba angene esikhundleni somlingisi oyinhloko futhi waqala ukudubula i-tape ngokuthanda kwakhe.
Ngaphandle kokuthi uDouglas akahambisani nezinqumo eziningi zikaKubrick, "uSpartacus" wanikezwa ama-Oscars amane, kanti nomqondisi uqobo wazenzela igama. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi uStanley wayefuna noma yimaphi amathuba okuxhasa ngemali ngamaphrojekthi akhe, efuna ukuhlala ezimele kubakhiqizi.
Ngo-1962, indoda yaqopha uLolita, ngokususelwa emsebenzini wegama elifanayo nguVladimir Nabokov. Lesi sithombe sidale umsindo omkhulu ebhayisikobho yomhlaba. Abanye abagxeki bancoma isibindi sikaKubrick, kanti abanye bazwakalisa ukungenami kwabo. Kodwa-ke, uLolita uqokwe kuma-7 Academy Awards.
UStanley wabe esethula umdlalo wamahlaya olwa nempi uDoctor Strangelove, noma i-How I Stopped Fearing and Loved the Bomb, owawukhombisa izinhlelo zamasosha aseMelika kabi.
Udumo lomhlaba lwehlela uKubrick ngemuva kokujwayela i- "A Space Odyssey 2001", eyawina i-Oscar yefilimu enemiphumela ekhethekile kakhulu. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi kanye nababukeli abavamile, kwakuyilo mfanekiso owaba obaluleke kakhulu ku-biography yokudala kaStanley Kubrick.
Ayikho impumelelo encane eyawinwa yitape elandelayo kamaster - "A Clockwork Orange" (1971). Ubange umsindo omkhulu ngenxa yokuthi kule filimu bekunezigcawu eziningi zodlame locansi.
Lokhu kwalandelwa yimisebenzi edumile kaStanley enjengo "Barry Lyndon", "Shining" kanye "Full Metal Jacket". Iphrojekthi yokugcina yomqondisi kwakuyidrama yomndeni i- Eyes Wide Shut, eyaqala ukukhonjiswa ngemuva kokushona kwale ndoda.
Ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uStanley Kubrick wamemezela ukuthi wenze enye ifilimu okungekho muntu owaziyo ngayo. Le ngxoxo ivele kwiWebhu kuphela ngo-2015, ngoba uPatrick Murray, obekhuluma nomphathi, usayine isivumelwano sokungadalulwa kwale ngxoxo eminyakeni eyi-15 ezayo.
Ngakho-ke uStanley wathi nguyena owakhomba ukufika kweMelika enyangeni ngo-1969, okusho ukuthi imifanekiso edumile emhlabeni ingumkhiqizo olula. Ngokusho kwakhe, uqophe izinyathelo zokuqala "enyangeni" estudiyo samafilimu esekelwa yiziphathimandla zamanje neNASA.
Le vidiyo idale omunye umsindo, oqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Kuyo yonke iminyaka yomlando wakhe, uKubrick wethule amafilimu amaningi asephenduke ama-classic e-American cinema. Imidwebo yakhe yadutshulwa ngekhono elikhulu lobuchwepheshe.
UStanley wayevame ukusebenzisa ukusondelana nama-panorama angajwayelekile. Wayevame ukuveza isizungu somuntu, ukuhlukaniswa kwakhe neqiniso emhlabeni wakhe, owasungulwa nguye.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Phakathi neminyaka yomlando wakhe siqu, uStanley Kubrick wayeshade kathathu. Umkakhe wokuqala kwakunguToba Ette Metz, ahlala naye cishe iminyaka emithathu. Ngemuva kwalokho, washada no-ballerina nomlingisi uRuth Sobotka. Kodwa-ke, le nyunyana ayihlalanga isikhathi eside.
Ngokwesithathu, uKubrick wehla ngesitezi nomculi uChristina Harlan, ngaleso sikhathi owayesevele enendodakazi. Kamuva, lo mbhangqwana wawunamadodakazi amabili ajwayelekile - uVivian no-Anna. Ngo-2009, u-Anna wabulawa ngumdlavuza, kanti uVivian waba nesithakazelo kuScientology, eseyekile ukuxhumana nezihlobo zakhe.
UStanley akazange athande ukuxoxa ngempilo yakhe yangasese, okwaholela ekuveleni kwezinhlebo nezinkoleloze eziningi ngaye. Ngama-90s, wayengavamile ukuvela emphakathini, ekhetha ukuba nomndeni wakhe.
Ukufa
UStanley Kubrick ushone ngoMashi 7, 1999 eneminyaka engama-70. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba yisifo senhliziyo. Unamaphrojekthi amaningi angafezekisiwe asele.
Kwaphela iminyaka engama-30 eqoqa izinto zokuqopha ifilimu ngoNapoleon Bonaparte. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwatholakala imiqulu engaba ngu-18 000 ephathelene noNapoleon kumtapo wezincwadi womqondisi.
Isithombe ngu-Stanley Kubrick
