Ngaseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMinsk kunedolobha elincane laseNesvizh, eliheha izivakashi ezivela kulo lonke elaseBelarus nasemazweni angomakhelwane nsuku zonke. Izikhumbuzo zomlando nezokwakha ezisendaweni encane yedolobha zithakazelisa. Okunye kokubuka kunenani elikhulu lamasiko - iNesvizh Castle, esesikhundleni semyuziyamu, ivikelwe yi-UNESCO kusukela ngonyaka we-2006.
Umlando weNesvizh Castle
Enyakatho yenqaba yesimanje, lapho i-Old Park ikhona manje, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 kwakukhona indawo yamapulangwe. Kwakuyinqaba yomndeni wakwaKishka, abameleli bayo babusa uNesvizh. AbakwaRadziwill abangena emandleni bayakha kabusha baqinisa indlu. Kodwa umnikazi olandelayo, uNikolai Radziwill (Intandane), wanquma ukwakha indawo yokuhlala yamatshe engenakunqobeka - inqaba ezovikela umnikazi wayo nabantu bakhe ezitheni eziningi.
Usuku lokusekelwa kwenqaba yamatshe iNesvizh ngu-1583. Igama lomklami libizwa kuphela mhlawumbe, mhlawumbe kwakungu-Italian G. Bernardoni, kepha incazelo ye-biography yakhe yethula ukudideka kulokhu kucabanga.
Ebhange loMfula i-Ushi kwakhiwa inqaba enkulu yamatshe eyindilinga enobukhulu obuyi-120x170 m.Ukuvikela inqaba, izindlela ezijwayelekile zaleso sikhathi zazisetshenziswa: izindonga zobumba zazithelwa eceleni komjikelezo, owawungena emiseleni ejulile kuze kufike ku-4 m ukujula no-22 m ububanzi. azizange zidilike, zaqiniswa ngamatshe aminyene ayi-2 m. Njengoba isigodlo saseNesvizh sakhiwe ebhange eliphakeme lase-Usha futhi izinga lamanzi alo lalingaphansi kwemisele, kwakudingeka kwakhiwe idamu, idamu namachibi okuwagcwalisa. Ngokukhuphula izinga lamanzi, onjiniyela bakwazi ukuwufaka emseleni, okwanikeza inqaba ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe.
Izikhali zokuzivikela okungenzeka zazingeniswa zivela kwezinye izinqaba noma zaphonswa ngqo enqabeni. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nempi yaseRussia nePoland ngekhulu le-17, le nqaba yayivele inezibhamu ezingama-28 zemikhakha ehlukahlukene, eyasiza ukumelana nokuvinjezelwa okuphindaphindiwe kwebutho laseRussia.
Ukuzivikela kwabaseSweden eMpini Yasenyakatho ngoMashi 1706 kwaphela kanjalo, kepha ngoMeyi ibutho elalikhathele kakade kanye nabantu abanokuthula bacela umphathi wenqaba ukuba azinikele. Emasontweni amabili, abaseSweden bacekela phansi idolobha nenqaba, basusa futhi bacwilisa iningi lezibhamu nezinye izikhali. Ngokwenye yezinganekwane, izikhali ezibandayo noma izibhamu zisengalala ezansi nomsele.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, le nqaba yaba impahla yoMbuso WaseRussia, kodwa amaRadziwill avunyelwe ukuhlala lapho ngokuqhubekayo. Ngesikhathi sempi ka-1812, uDominik Radziwill wasekela amaFulentshi, wanikeza isigodlo saseNesvizh ukuba sibe nendlunkulu kaJerome Bonaparte (umfowabo kaNapoleon). Ngesikhathi sokubaleka kwebutho laseFrance, umphathi wenqaba, ngokuyalelwa ngumnikazi, wafihla yonke ingcebo, kepha lapho ehlukunyezwa waveza imfihlo - wanikeza indawo yokugcina kwabo ku-General Tuchkov noColonel Knorring waseRussia. Namuhla, izingxenye zomcebo wamaRadziwills zikhonjiswa eminyuziyamu yaseBelarusian, Ukraine naseRussia, kepha kukholakala ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yengcebo ilahlekile, nokuthi indawo yakhona ayaziwa.
Ngo-1860, isigodlo esathathwa iNesvizh sabuyiselwa ku-Prussian general Wilhelm Radziwill. Umnikazi omusha wakhulisa isigodlo, wasiguqula saba yisigodlo sikanokusho, wabeka amapaki amakhulu anendawo ephelele yamahektha angama-90, athokozisa wonke umuntu oza lapha nokuphola nobuhle bawo. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, bonke abameleli bomndeni waseRadziwill abacashe enqabeni bayiswa eMoscow, yize kamuva badedelwa e-Italy naseNgilandi. Ngesikhathi seJalimane, ikomkhulu laphinde labekwa esigodlweni esikhulu esingenalutho, kulokhu ikomkhulu le "tank" uGeneral Guderian.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, iziphathimandla zaseBelarus zasungula isibhedlela "iNesvizh" esakhiweni senqaba, esasingaphansi kwe-NKVD (KGB). Kusukela kwawa i-USSR, umsebenzi wokubuyisela waqala eNesvizh Castle ukusungula imnyuziyamu kuyo. Iminyango yayo yavulelwa ukuvakashelwa ngobuningi ngo-2012.
Imyuziyemu "Inqaba yaseNesvizh"
Ukuze uzulazule endaweni enkulu yesigodlo kanye nepaki ngaphandle kokuxhamazela nokuphikisana, kufanele uze eNesvizh phakathi nezinsuku. Kulokhu, ukubona indawo kuzoqaphela kakhulu. Ngezimpelasonto, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi efudumele, kuba nokutheleka okukhulu kwabavakashi, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuba nolayini ehhovisi lamathikithi emnyango.
Ukugcwala ngokweqile akuvunyelwe egcekeni lenqaba nangaphakathi kwamagumbi namakamelo, ngakho-ke, ukukhonza wonke umuntu, isikhathi sokuvakasha sincishisiwe saba amahora ayi-1-1.5. Emnyango, ngemali, banikela ngenkonzo "yomhlahlandlela womsindo", kufaka phakathi nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Kulokhu, ungazungeza le nqaba uwedwa ngaphandle kokujoyina amaqembu ohambo. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ukuhamba emapaki kumnandi kakhulu, lapho kutshalwa khona izindlela zezihlahla, izihlahlana ezinhle, nemibhede yezimbali. Amapaki amahle kakhulu asentwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngenqaba yaseDracula.
Ngaphezu kwezinsizakalo zendabuko zeminyuziyamu, iNesvizh castle inikezela ngemicimbi engajwayelekile:
- Imikhosi yomshado.
- Umcimbi "Isiphakamiso sesandla", "Usuku lokuzalwa".
- Izithombe zomshado nokuqoshwa kwevidiyo.
- Amaseshini wesithombe asetshenzisiwe.
- Uhambo lweshashalazi.
- Izimfuno zomlando ezihlokweni ezahlukahlukene zezingane nabantu abadala.
- Izinkulumo zeMnyuziyamu nezifundo zesikole.
- Ukuqashwa kwegumbi lenkomfa.
- Indawo yokuqashisela amadili.
Sekukonke, amahholo ombukiso angama-30 avulelekile emphakathini emnyuziyamu, ngalinye elihlukile, linegama lalo, eduze kwedizayini yokuqala. Ngaso sonke isikhathi phakathi nohambo, abaqondisi batshela izinganekwane zenqaba, ngokwesibonelo, ngeBlack Lady - umthandi onobuthi wenkosi yasePoland. Umphefumulo okuthiwa awunakuphumula kaBarbara Radziwill uhlala enqabeni futhi uvela phambi kwabantu njengenkinga yenkinga.
Ngaphezu kohambo lwansuku zonke, imiqhudelwano yama-knights, imikhosi emibalabala, ama-carnival namakhonsathi abanjwa ngezikhathi ezithile enqabeni. Abavakashi abafika izinsuku ezimbalwa bahlala ubusuku bobabili edolobheni uqobo nasehhotela le- "Palace" elisendaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yomnyuziyamu. Ihhotela elincane elithokomele lingamukela izivakashi ezingama-48.
Ungafika kanjani lapho, amahora wokuvula, amanani entengo
Indlela elula yokufika eNesvizh Castle ngemoto yangasese. IMinsk neBrest zixhunywe ngumgwaqo omkhulu we-M1 (E30), udinga ukuhamba ngawo. Ibanga ukusuka eMinsk kuya eNesvizh yi-120 km, ukusuka eBrest kuya eNesvizh - 250 km. Ukubona isikhombisi somgwaqo omkhulu we-P11, udinga ukuvula kuso. Ungafika futhi emnyuziyamu usuka eMinsk ngebhasi ejwayelekile kusuka eziteshini zamabhasi noma ngetekisi. Enye indlela isitimela saseMinsk, kepha kulokhu esiteshini. IGorodeya kuzofanela ishintshe ngetekisi noma ngebhasi iye eNesvizh. Ikheli elisemthethweni labaphathi beMnyuziyamu nguNesvizh, uLeninskaya Street, 19.
IMuseum Museum ivulekele ukuvakashelwa unyaka wonke. Ngenkathi efudumele, kusuka ku-10 ekuseni kuya ku-19 pm, ngenkathi ebandayo, isheduli iya phambili ngehora elingu-1. Ku-2017, izindleko zamathikithi ngokuya nge-Belarusian kuya kuma-ruble waseRussia cishe:
- Palace Ensemble: abadala - 420 ruble, abafundi kanye nabafundi - 210 ruble. (amathikithi ngempelasonto abiza ama-ruble angama-30).
- Ukuboniswa eHholo LeDolobha: abantu abadala - ama-ruble angama-90, abafundi nabafundi - ama-ruble angama-45.
- Umhlahlandlela womsindo nesithombe kumvunulo womlando - ama-ruble angama-90.
- Izifundo zeMnyuziyamu zeqembu labantu abangafika kwabangu-25 - ama-ruble angu-400-500.
