INtaba i-Etna iyintaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu, egeleza njalo udaka lwentaba-mlilo, ibhubhisa amadolobhana wonke. Ngaphandle kobungozi obucashe ngaphakathi kwe-stratovolcano, izakhamizi zesiqhingi saseSicily zisebenzisa izipho zazo ukuthuthukisa ezolimo, ngoba inhlabathi eseduze icebile ngemikhondo yokulandela umkhondo.
Incazelo yeMount Etna
Kulabo abangazi ukuthi intaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu itholakala kuphi, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi itholakala endaweni yase-Italy, kepha ayikwazi ukuletha ukulimala okubonakalayo kuhulumeni, ngoba ihlukaniswe nengxenye yayo eyinhloko nolwandle. AmaSicilians angabizwa ngabantu abahlukile abafunde ukuhlala eduze nomnikazi wesiqhingi ovuthayo, ogama lakhe lokuxhumana liyi-37 ° 45 "18" latitude lasenyakatho ne-14 ° 59 "43 ″ empumalanga.
I-Latitude ne-longitude ikhombisa indawo ephakeme kakhulu ye-stratovolcano, yize inentaba engaphezu kweyodwa. Cishe kanye ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, enye yezintaba ikhafula udaka, oluvame ukufika ezindaweni ezincane ezansi kwe-Etna. Ukuphakama okuphelele ngamamitha kungu-3329, kepha leli nani liyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokwakheka kwezendlalelo ezivela ekukhishweni kwentaba-mlilo. Ngakho-ke, cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu nengxenye edlule, u-Etna wayengamamitha angama-21 ukuphakama. Indawo yalesi sidlakela ingu-1250 sq. km, idlula iVesuvius, ngakho-ke idume kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Isici esiyinhloko se-Etna yisakhiwo sayo esigqinsiwe, yingakho ibizwa nge-stratovolcano. Yakhiwa ekuhlanganeni kwamapuleti amabili we-tectonic, okuthi, ngenxa yamashifu, avumele ukugeleza kodaka lubheke phezulu. Ukuma kwentaba-mlilo kuyindilinga, njengoba kwakhiwa unyaka nonyaka kusuka kumlotha, i-lava eqinile ne-tephra. Ngokwezibalo ezinzima, i-Etna yavela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-500 eyedlule kanti ngalesi sikhathi iqhume ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingama-200. Kuze kube namuhla, usesigabeni somsebenzi, esibangela ukukhathazeka phakathi kwabahlali bezwe.
Izinganekwane zentaba-mlilo ephefumula umlilo
Njengoba iMount Etna iyintaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke engxenyeni yaseYurophu, kunezinganekwane eziningi ngayo. Ngokusho komunye wabo, intaba iyisiboshwa lapho kutholakala khona i-Enceladus enkulu. I-Athena yagcotshwa ngaphansi kwe-massif, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile isiboshwa sizama ukudlula ubukhulu, ngakho-ke umoya waso oshisayo uphuma emgodini.
Kukholakala futhi ukuthi intaba-mlilo yakhethwa onkulunkulu ukuba bavalele ama-titans, anquma ukuketula izakhamuzi zase-Olympus. Ngalesi sizathu, amaNtaliyane aphatha ifa lawo lemvelo ngenhlonipho nangokunye ukwesaba. Kwezinye izinganekwane, kushiwo ukuthi i-forge yaseHephaestus itholakala emlonyeni wentaba-mlilo.
Kuyathakazelisa ngentaba-mlilo
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ahlobene nesenzeko esimangazayo esingeyona intaba-mlilo ngayinye. Amasongo entuthu aqoshwa ku-Etna ngeminyaka yama-70s yekhulu lama-20 - umbono ongavamile ngempela. Lokhu kwaba ubufakazi bokuqala obubhalwe phansi bokuba khona kwesimo semvelo esinjalo. Kamuva, ukwakheka kwe-eddy kwavela ngo-2000 nango-2013. Ukubabamba kuyimpumelelo yangempela, kepha akubona bonke abavakashi abazoba nenhlanhla yokuthola isipho esinjalo eNtabeni i-Etna.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde nge-Yellowstone Volcano.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi i-stratovolcano iqhuma udaka ngezikhathi ezithile, izivakashi zilwela ukunqoba lesi siqhwaga, zizikhethela enye yemizila emithathu:
- eningizimu - ungafika lapho ngebhasi noma nge-SUV, futhi uphinde ugibele ikhebula imoto;
- empumalanga - ifinyelela ku-1,9 km;
- enyakatho - indlela egandayiwe yokuhamba izintaba noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili.
Akunconyelwa ukuzulazula emithambekeni yodwa njengoba intuthu noma udaka luphuma emigodini ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngasikhathi sinye, amamephu anembile awekho, ngoba ukukhululeka kwe-Etna kuhlala kushintsha ngenxa yokuqhuma kaningi, noma kungabalulekile. Kungcono ukubuza abantu bendawo ukuthi bangafika kanjani kwelinye lamaphoyinti atholakalayo phezulu, noma baqashe umhlahlandlela.
Phezulu, ezitolo zendawo ungathenga ugologo odume wegama elifanayo. Izivakashi zingaba nomona ngokuguga kwayo, futhi ukunambitheka akukwazi ukudluliswa ngamagama, ngoba izivini ezikhula ezinyaweni futhi zondla ukwakheka okunothile kwama-microelements zinika isiphuzo isixha esithile.
Isimo sokuqhuma kwekhulu lama-21
Kukuliphi izwekazi ongakaze uzwe nge-stratovolcano? Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ulwazi ngaye alukafiki ekupheleni komhlaba, ngoba kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu elisha leminyaka, ukuqhuma kuye kwenzeka cishe minyaka yonke, noma ngisho kaningana ngonyaka. Akekho onemibuzo mayelana nentaba-mlilo i-Etna esebenzayo noma engasekho, ngoba kungenzeka icekela phansi konke okuzungezile, noma ngenxa yayo, ukusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza kumisiwe.
Ukuqhuma kokugcina kuka-2016 kwenzeka ngoMeyi 21. Ngemuva kwalokho kubo bonke abezindaba babhala ukuthi i-stratovolcano iphinde yavuka, kepha kulokhu izisulu zagwenywa. Izithombe eziningi zisabalale ngokushesha kuwebhu njengoba inqwaba yomlotha nodaka lwaqhuma emgodini futhi yandizela emoyeni. Asikho isithombe esizodlulisa isikali esingaka, kodwa kuyingozi enkulu ukusondela ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubuka umbukwane ukude.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-2016 kwakungakabikho ukuqhuma okunamandla. Enye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ukuqhuma okwenzeka ngoDisemba 3, 2015. Ngemuva kwalokho udaka lwaphakama lwafika ebangeni lekhilomitha, futhi umlotha wavimba ukubonakala kakhulu kangangokuba imisebenzi yesikhumulo sezindiza saseCatania yamiswa.
