UTula Kremlin

ITula Kremlin ingesinye sezikhumbuzo zomlando ezibaluleke kakhulu eTula, esisenkabeni yedolobha. Lesi ngesinye sezigodo eziyishumi nambili eziyingqayizivele ezisindile eRussia kuze kube namuhla.

Umlando weTula Kremlin

Ngekhulu le-16, u-Ivan II wanquma ukunweba izindawo zakhe, futhi uTula wadlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zakhe ngokubuka kwecebo. Ukubaluleka kwayo kuqiniswe ngo-1507. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbuso waseRussia wawusengozini evela eningizimu - ibutho laseCrimea, kanti uTula wayemi eMoscow.

UVasily III wayala abangaphansi kwakhe ukuba bakhe inqaba ye-oki, lapho kwakulethwa khona izinganono nezinye izikhali zokuzivikela. Ngo-1514, iNkosana yayala ukwakha inqaba yamatshe, njengaseMoscow Kremlin, ukwakhiwa kwayo kwathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Tula Kremlin ibingashabalali ngokuphelele - ivinjezelwe kaningi, kepha akukho neyodwa isitha ebingangena ngaphakathi.

Okukhumbuleka kakhulu ukuvimbezela okwenzeka ngo-1552. Sisebenzise umkhankaso ka-Ivan the Terrible wokulwa neKazan, iCrimea Khan yaqala ukuhlasela. Izakhamizi zaseTula zikwazile ukuzibamba kwaze kwafika ukwesekwa. Inkumbulo yalo mcimbi igcinwa yitshe lesisekelo elibekwe eduze kwesango le-Ivanovskiye.

I-Tula Kremlin yayingeyona nje indlela yokuzivikela, kepha futhi yayiyikhaya. Kwakunemindeni engaphezu kwekhulu lapha futhi kwakuhlala abantu abangaba amakhulu amabili. Kodwa-ke, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, i-Left-Bank Ukraine yajoyina iRussia, ngakho-ke iTula Kremlin yaphela ukuba ibutho elibalulekile.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ukulungiswa kwalokhu kwenziwa lapha. Isiteshi sangaphambili sakhiwe kabusha kusukela ngo-2014; kuhlelwe ukuvula i-atrium enamahholo amane okukhangisa. Ngo-2020, lesi sakhiwo sizogubha iminyaka engamakhulu ayisihlanu, amalungiselelo asevele aqhubeka.

Ukwakhiwa kweTula Kremlin

Indawo ekhanga kakhulu iTula ngamahektha ayisithupha. Izindonga zeTula Kremlin zolula ibanga elingu-1 km, zakha unxande. Ixuba izitayela eziningi zokwakha, ezingabonakala ezindongeni nasemibhoshongweni yokuzivikela.

Umbhoshongo waseNikitskaya nemibhoshongo yezindonga ngokuqinisekile kufana nezigodlo zase-Italy ezakhiwe ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Eminye imibhoshongo nayo inezici ezithakazelisayo zokwakha - zitholakala ngaphandle kwezindonga ukuze zifihle isitha. Zonke zihlukanisiwe, okungukuthi, ngayinye iyinqaba ehlukile.

Amasonto amakhulu

Kunamasonto amabili ama-Orthodox lapha. Owokuqala ngothi Holy Assumption Cathedral, elakhiwa ngo-1762, libhekwa njengethempeli elihle kunazo zonke iTula. Uthole ukuqashelwa nothando lobuciko balo bokunethezeka nokuhlobisa ubukhosi. Phambilini, umqhele walesi sakhiwo wawungumbhoshongo wensimbi ongamamitha angama-70 ukuphakama, kodwa walahleka ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Isonto lombhishobhi linemidwebo emikhulu eyenziwe ngabaphathi be-Yaroslavl kusukela ngekhulu le-17 kanye ne-iconostasis enezitezi eziyisikhombisa kusukela ngekhulu le-18.

Epiphany Cathedral encane, usuku lokuvela kwalo kubhekwa njenge-1855. Isonto lombhishobhi alisebenzi, lakhiwa ukukhumbula izisulu zempi yango-1812. Ngo-1930, kwavalwa futhi kwahlelwa ukuhlela iNdlu Yezemidlalo lapha, ngakho-ke yalahlekelwa amakhanda. Eminyakeni eminingana edlule, i-cathedral yaqala ukwakhiwa kabusha, kepha ngo-2017 ayikasebenzi namanje.

Izindonga nemibhoshongo

Izindonga zeTula Kremlin, ezakhiwe esisekelweni, sezikhulile kaningana emakhulwini eminyaka futhi manje sezifinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama nasezindaweni ezingafika kumamitha ayi-3.2 ububanzi. Ubude besibonda bungamamitha ayi-1066.

Kunemibhoshongo eyisishiyagalombili, emine yayo esetshenziswa futhi njengamasango. Nawa amagama nezimpawu zabo:

1. ISpassky Tower itholakala entshonalanga yesakhiwo, ekuqaleni ibinensimbi, ehlala ikhala lapho idolobha lisongelwa ngokuhlaselwa ohlangothini, ngakho ngaphambili lalibizwa ngeVestova.
2. Umbhoshongo wase-Odoevskaya etholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yoMbhoshongo woMsindisi. Namuhla kunguphawu lwesakhiwo sonke, ngakho-ke lapha ungathatha izithombe ezinhle. Lathola igama laso esithombeni saseKazan sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, elalitholakala ekuqaleni kwesakhiwo salo esingaphambili.
3. Nikitskaya - yaziwa ngokuthi yayijwayele ukuba yigumbi lokuhlushwa kanye nompu wesibhamu.
4. Amasango eMbhoshongo wase-Ivanovskie iholela ngqo engadini yeKremlin eseduze nodonga oluseningizimu-mpumalanga.
5. Ivanovskaya lakhiwa ngezinsuku lapho iTula Kremlin yayisetshenziswa njengenqaba, yayinendlela eyimfihlo engaphansi komhlaba engaphezu kwamamitha angama-70 ubude eya e-Upa ukuze idolobha elivinjezelwe lithole amanzi. Lesi sinyathelo sabuyela emuva ngekhulu le-17. Ngaleso sikhathi, umbhoshongo wawunamagumbi lapho kugcinwa khona ukudla, impuphu nezinhlamvu.
6. Umbhoshongo wamanzi wasebenza njengomnyango ovela ohlangothini lomfula, ngawo ngasikhathi sinye udwendwe lwehlela ukwahlukaniselwa kwamanzi.
7. Isikwele - etholakala ogwini lwesandla se-Upa.
8. IPyatnitsky Gate Tower yayiyinqolobane yezikhali nempahla eningi uma kungenzeka inqaba ivinjezelwe.

Iminyuziyamu

Uhambo nemisebenzi

Uhambo oludume kakhulu:

• Uhambo lokubuka ihlala imizuzu engama-50 futhi ihlanganisa zonke izikhumbuzo ezinkulu zokwakha. Intengo yamathikithi ohambo: abantu abadala - ama-ruble ayi-150, izingane - ama-ruble ayi-100.
• "Idolobha entendeni yesandla sakho" - Ukujwayelana nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kudlula umjikelezo wamakhilomitha wezindonga futhi kuhlanganisa yonke imibhoshongo. Isivakashi sinethuba lokwazi kabanzi ngokuvikelwa nokwakhiwa okuhlukile. Izindleko: abantu abadala - ama-ruble angama-200, izingane - ama-ruble ayi-150.
• "Izimfihlo zeTula Kremlin" - Uhambo lokuxhumana lwezingane zeminyaka ehlukene. Bazofunda ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa kanjani nokuthi sizivikele kanjani kubahlaseli, kanye nazo zonke izimfihlo zesiza. Intengo - ama-ruble ayi-150.

Izimfuno ezithakazelisayo eTula Kremlin yezingane nabantu abadala:

• "Nkosi yaseKremlin" - uhambo oluthakazelisayo ngesakhiwo sasendulo, esihlala ihora elilodwa. Ngesikhathi sayo, uzokwazi izibalo zomlando ezidume kakhulu futhi uzizwe sengathi useNkathini Ephakathi. Izindleko: abantu abadala - ama-ruble angu-300, izingane - ama-ruble angama-200.
• "Abantu baseTula eKremlin babeyifuna kanjani injabulo" - ukufuna abafana abanesibindi nabahlakaniphile abazodinga ukuhamba kuzo zonke izindonga ukuxazulula imfumbe. Izindleko: abantu abadala - ama-ruble angu-300, izingane - ama-ruble angama-200.
• "Izimfihlakalo zemivubukulo" - uhambo ngamakhulu eminyaka, ukwethula abadlali kumaqoqo nemibukiso ebalulekile yomnyuziyamu. Izindleko: abantu abadala - ama-ruble angama-200, izingane - ama-ruble ayi-150.

Amahora okusebenza... Insimu yeTula Kremlin ifinyeleleka kubavakashi nsuku zonke. Amahora wokuvula: kusuka ku-10: 00 kuye ku-22: 00 (ukuvakasha kunqunyelwe ngezimpelasonto - kuze kube ngu-18: 00). Ukungena kukhululekile kuwo wonke umuntu.

Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke eSuzdal Kremlin.

Ufika kanjani lapho... Ikheli lokuheha okuyinhloko kweTula yi-st. Mendeleevskaya, 2. Indlela elula yokufika lapho ngebhasi (imizila engu-16, 18, 24) noma itrolleybus (imizila engu-1, 2, 4, 8).

Bukela ividiyo: Tula Kremlin (Juni 2025).