U-Albert Camus (1913-1960) - Umbhali weprozi waseFrance, isazi sefilosofi, umlobi wezindaba kanye nommemezeli, okusondele kubukhona. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe wathola igama elijwayelekile elithi "Unembeza waseNtshonalanga". Umklomelo weNobel Prize in Literature (1957).
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Albert Camus, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane yeCamus.
Umlando ka-Albert Camus
U-Albert Camus wazalwa ngoNovemba 7, 1913 e-Algeria, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyingxenye yeFrance. Wazalelwa emndenini wewayini u-Lucien Camus nomkakhe uCoutrin Sante, owayengowesifazane ongafundile. Wayenomfowabo osekhulile, uLucien.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Inhlekelele yokuqala ku-biography ka-Albert Camus yenzeke ebuntwaneni, lapho ubaba wakhe ebulawa yisilonda esabulala phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918).
Ngenxa yalokho, umama kwakudingeka anakekele amadodana akhe eyedwa. Ekuqaleni, owesifazane wayesebenza efektri, ngemuva kwalokho wasebenza njengomhlanzi. Umndeni wahlangabezana nezinkinga ezinkulu zezezimali, ngokuvamile untula izidingo eziyisisekelo.
Lapho u-Albert Camus eneminyaka emihlanu, waya esikoleni samabanga aphansi, asiphothula ngama-honors ngo-1923. Njengomthetho, izingane zalesi sizukulwane azisaqhubeki nokufunda. Esikhundleni salokho, baqala ukusebenza ukuze basize abazali babo.
Kodwa-ke, uthisha wesikole wakwazi ukukholisa umama ka-Albert ukuthi umfana kufanele aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wamsiza ukuthi angene eLyceum futhi wathola umfundaze. Ngalesi sikhathi somlando wakhe, le nsizwa yafunda okuningi futhi yayilithanda ibhola, idlalela iqembu lasendaweni.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, uCamus watholakala enesifo sofuba. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni kumele aphazamise izifundo zakhe futhi "ayeke" ngezemidlalo. Futhi yize wakwazi ukunqoba lesi sifo, wahlushwa imiphumela yaso iminyaka eminingi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa yempilo engeyinhle, u-Albert wakhululwa ebusosheni. Maphakathi no-30s wafunda eyunivesithi, lapho afunda khona ifilosofi. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesevele egcina amadayari nokubhala ama-eseyi.
Ubuciko nefilosofi
Ngo-1936, u-Albert Camus wathola iziqu zakhe zeMasters kwiFilosofi. Wayenentshisekelo ikakhulukazi enkingeni yenjongo yokuphila, ayiveza ngokuqhathanisa imibono yobuGreki nobuKrestu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uCamus wakhuluma ngezinkinga ze-existentialism - umkhuba kwifilosofi yekhulu lama-20, wagxila ekubhekeni kokuhluka kobukhona bomuntu.
Eminye yemisebenzi yokuqala ka-Albert eyashicilelwa kwaba yi-The Inside Out neFace kanye neThe Wedding Feast. Emsebenzini wokugcina, kwagxilwa encazelweni yokuphila komuntu nenjabulo yakhe. Ngokuzayo, uzothuthukisa umqondo wobuphukuphuku, azowethula ezincwadini eziningana.
Ngobuphukuphuku, uCamus wayesho igebe phakathi kwesifiso somuntu senhlalakahle nokuthula, angakwazi ngosizo lokucabanga kanye neqiniso, nakho okungaxakeki futhi okungenangqondo.
Isigaba sesibili somcabango savela kwesokuqala: umuntu ubophezelekile hhayi ukwamukela indawo yonke engenangqondo, kodwa futhi "nokuyihlubuka" maqondana nezindinganiso zendabuko.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945), u-Albert Camus uqhubekile nokuzibandakanya ngokubhala, futhi wabamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni ezilwa nama-fascist. Ngalesi sikhathi waba umbhali wenoveli ethi "Isishayo", indaba ethi "The Stranger" nencazelo yefilosofi ethi "The Myth of Sisyphus."
Ku-The Myth of Sisyphus, umbhali waphinde waphakamisa isihloko semvelo yokungasho lutho kwempilo. Iqhawe lale ncwadi, uSisyphus, ogwetshwe ingunaphakade, ugingqa itshe elisindayo ekukhuphukeni ukuze nje liphinde liwele phansi.
Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, uCamus wasebenza njengentatheli ezimele, wabhala imidlalo, futhi wasebenzisana nama-anarchists kanye nama-syndicalists. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1950, washicilela iThe Rebel Man, lapho ahlaziya khona ukuvukela komuntu ekuqondeni okungenangqondo kobukhona.
Ozakwabo baka-Albert, kubandakanya noJean-Paul Sartre, basheshe bamgxeka ngokuxhasa umphakathi waseFrance e-Algeria ngemuva kweMpi yase-Algeria yango-1954.
UCamus wasilandela eduze isimo sezepolitiki eYurophu. Wayephatheke kabi kakhulu ngokukhula kwemizwa yama-pro-Soviet eFrance. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uqala ukuba nesithakazelo esikhulu kubuciko beshashalazi, maqondana nokubhala kwakhe imidlalo emisha.
Ngo-1957, u-Albert Camus waklonyeliswa ngeNobel Prize in Literature "ngomnikelo wakhe omkhulu ezincwadini, egqamisa ukubaluleka konembeza babantu." Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi yize wonke umuntu amthatha njengesazi sefilosofi nesidalwa esiphilayo, yena ngokwakhe akazange azibize kanjalo.
U-Albert wabheka ukubonakaliswa okuphezulu kokungenangqondo - ukuthuthuka komphakathi ngosizo lomunye nomunye umbuso. Uthe ukulwa nobudlova nokungabi nabulungisa "ngezindlela zabo" kuholela ebudloveni nokungabi nabulungisa.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, uCamus wayeqinisekile ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ekugcineni ukuqeda ububi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi yize ehlukaniswa njengommeleli wobukhona obungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, isici esinjalo kunalokho asinangqondo.
Ngokumangazayo, kepha yena uqobo, kanye nokuntula ukholo kuNkulunkulu, wamemezela ukungabi nanjongo kokuphila ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaFrance awakaze afone futhi engazibheki njengongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho u-Albert eneminyaka engaba ngu-21 ubudala, washada noSimone Iye, ahlala naye iminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho, washada nesazi sezibalo uFrancine Faure. Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana wawunamawele uCatherine noJean.
Ukufa
U-Albert Camus ushone ngoJanuwari 4, 1960 engozini yemoto. Imoto abekuyo nomndeni womngani wakhe, iphume emgwaqeni omkhulu yashayisa isihlahla.
Umbhali ushone ujuqu. Ngesikhathi sokushona kwakhe, wayeneminyaka engu-46 ubudala. Kunezinhlobo zokuthi ingozi yemoto iboshwe ngemizamo yezinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseSoviet, njengokuziphindisela kokuthi umFulentshi wagxeka ukuhlasela kweSoviet kweHungary.
Izithombe zeCamus
