Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky (1895-1977) - Umholi wamasosha aseSoviet, uMarshal waseSoviet Union, oyiChief of the General Staff, oyilungu leNdlunkulu yeSupreme High Command, uMkhuzi Oyinhloko we-High Command yamasosha aseSoviet eFar East, uNgqongqoshe Wezempi Zase-USSR kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezempi wase-USSR.
Omunye wabaphathi abakhulu beMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945). Kabili iHero leSoviet Union futhi liphethe ama-oda ama-2 Wokunqoba.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaVasilevsky, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane ka-Alexander Vasilevsky.
Biography Vasilevskogo
Alexander Vasilevsky wazalwa ngo-Septhemba 18 (30), 1895 edolobhaneni laseNovaya Golchikha (esifundazweni saseKostroma). Wakhulela emndenini wenhloko yekwaya yesonto nompristi uMikhail Alexandrovich nomkakhe uNadezhda Ivanovna, ababengamakholwa eSonto Lobu-Orthodox.
U-Alexander wayengowesine ezinganeni eziyi-8 zabazali bakhe. Lapho eneminyaka engaba ngu-2 ubudala, yena nomndeni wakhe bathuthela edolobhaneni laseNovopokrovskoye, lapho ubaba wakhe aqala ukukhonza njengompristi eSontweni Lase-Ascension.
Kamuva, umphathi wesikhathi esizayo waqala ukuya esikoleni sesifunda. Lapho ethola imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi, wangena esikoleni sobufundisi, wabe esefunda esikoleni sobufundisi.
Ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, uVasilevsky wayehlele ukuba ngumlimi, kepha ngenxa yokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918), amacebo akhe awazimiselwanga ukuthi agcwaliseke. The guy wangena esikoleni samasosha Alekseevsk, lapho afunda khona izifundo esheshayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, waya phambili ngezinga lezimpawu.
Impi Yezwe I neMpi Yombango
Entwasahlobo ka-1916, u-Alexander waphathiswa ukuyala inkampani, eyagcina iba ngomunye wabahamba phambili ebuthweni. Ngo-May wonyaka ofanayo, wabamba iqhaza edume ngeBrusilov Breakthrough.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi iBrusilov Breakthrough iyimpi enkulu kunazo zonke eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala ngokulahleka okuphelele. Njengoba izimpi eziningi zafa kulezi zimpi, uVasilevsky wayalwa ukuba akhokhele ibutho, esekhushulelwe esikhundleni sokuba ukaputeni wabasebenzi.
Phakathi neminyaka yempi, u-Alexander wazibonakalisa njengesosha elinesibindi, owathi, ngenxa yobuntu bakhe obuqinile nokungasabi, waphakamisa isimilo sabangaphansi kwakhe. Izindaba ze-Revolution ka-Okthoba zathola umkhuzi ngesikhathi esebenza eRomania, ngenxa yalokho wanquma ukushiya phansi.
Ebuyela ekhaya, uVasilevsky wasebenza njengomfundisi wokuqeqeshwa kwezempi isikhathi esithile kwezakhamizi, wabe esefundisa ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1919 wabuthelwa emsebenzini, owasebenza njengomsizi womholi weqembu.
Maphakathi nonyaka ofanayo, u-Alexander waqokwa njengomkhuzi webutho, wabe eseba umphathi wesigaba sokuzingela, okwakufanele siphikise amabutho kaGeneral Anton Denikin. Kodwa-ke, yena namasosha akhe abakwazanga ukuhlanganyela empini namabutho kaDenikin, njengoba iSouthern Front yama eOrel naseKomy.
Kamuva uVasilevsky, njengengxenye ye-15 Army, walwa nePoland. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, wahola imibuso emithathu yesigaba sezinsana futhi wahola isikole sokuhlukanisa abaphathi abancane.
Ngama-30s, u-Alexander Mikhailovich wanquma ukujoyina iqembu. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wasebenzisana nencwadi ethi "Military Bulletin". Le ndoda ibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe- "Imiyalelo yokwenza impi ehlanganisiwe yezikhali ezihlangene" neminye imisebenzi yezindaba zamasosha.
Lapho uVasilevsky eba neminyaka engama-41, wanikezwa isikhundla sika-colonel. Ngo-1937 waphumelela ngama-honours esikoleni samasosha, ngemuva kwalokho waqokwa njengenhloko yokuqeqeshwa kokusebenza kwabasebenzi bomyalo. Ehlobo lika-1938 wanyuselwa esikhundleni sokuba umphathi wamabutho.
Ngo-1939, u-Alexander Vasilevsky wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwenguqulo yokuqala yohlelo lwempi neFinland, eyalahlwa kamuva nguStalin. Ngonyaka olandelayo, wayeyingxenye yekhomishini eyayihlelelwe ukuphothula isivumelwano sokuthula neFinland.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, uVasilevsky wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba ngumlawuli wamaphiko. NgoNovemba 1940, wathatha uhambo oluya eJalimane njengengxenye yethimba laseSoviet elaliholwa uVyacheslav Molotov ukuxoxisana nobuholi baseJalimane.
Impi Enkulu Yobuzwe
Ekuqaleni kwempi, uVasilevsky wayesevele engumphathi omkhulu, eyiphini lenhloko yeGeneral Staff. Udlale indima ebalulekile ekuhleleni ezokuvikela eMoscow nakuma-counteroffensive alandelayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi esinzima, lapho amabutho aseJalimane enqoba ukunqoba ngokulandelana ezimpini, u-Alexander Mikhailovich wahola isikhulu sokuqala se-General Staff.
Wayebhekene nomsebenzi wokuqonda kahle isimo ngaphambili futhi azise njalo ubuholi be-USSR ngesimo sezinto ngaphambili.
UVasilevsky wakwazi ukubhekana kahle nemithwalo yemfanelo anikezwe yona, ethola ukunconywa nguStalin uqobo. Ngenxa yalokho, wanikezwa isikhundla sikaColonel General.
Uvakashele emigqeni engaphambili, ehlola isimo futhi ethuthukisa nezinhlelo zokuzivikela nokuhlasela isitha.
Ehlobo lika-1942, u-Alexander Vasilevsky waphathiswa ukuhola i-General Staff. Ngokomyalo wobuholi obuphakeme bezwe, ujenene wafunda isimo sezindaba eStalingrad. Uhlele futhi walungiselela ukuphikisana namaJalimane, okuvunyelwe yiNdlunkulu.
Ngemuva kokuphikisana ngempumelelo, le ndoda yaqhubeka nokuzibandakanya ekubhujisweni kwamayunithi aseJalimane ngesikhathi se-cauldron eyaphumela eStalingrad. Ngemuva kwalokho wayalwa ukuthi enze umsebenzi ohlaselayo esifundeni i-Upper Don.
NgoFebhuwari 1943 uVasilevsky wanikezwa isihloko esihloniphekile sikaMarshal waseSoviet Union. Ezinyangeni ezilandelayo, wayala i-Voronezh ne-Steppe Fronts ngesikhathi seMpi yaseKursk, futhi wabamba iqhaza ekukhululweni kweDonbass neCrimea.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngenkathi ujenene ehlola iSevastopol ebithathelwe indawo, imoto abehamba ngayo yaqhunyiswa yimayini. Ngenhlanhla, wathola ukulimala okuncane ekhanda, ngaphandle kokusikeka kwesivikelo somoya esaphukile.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa esibhedlela, uVasilevsky wahola phambili ngesikhathi sokukhululwa kwamazwe aseBaltic. Kulokhu neminye imisebenzi eqediwe ngempumelelo, wanikezwa isihloko seHero leSoviet Union kanye nendondo yeGold Star.
Kamuva, ngoku-oda kukaStalin, ujenene wahola i-3rd Belorussian Front, wajoyina iNdlunkulu yeSupreme High Command. Ngokushesha, Alexander Vasilevsky wahola ukuhlaselwa Konigsberg, okuyinto wakwazi ukufeza ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
Cishe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi, uVasilevsky waklonyeliswa nge-2 Order of Victory. Ngemuva kwalokho wadlala indima enkulu empini neJapan. Wakha isu lomsebenzi wokuhlasela kaManchurian, ngemuva kwalokho wahola ibutho laseSoviet eFar East.
Ngenxa yalokho, kwathatha amasosha aseSoviet nawaseMongolia ngaphansi kwamasonto amane ukunqoba iMpi Yesigidi YaseJapan yase-Kwantung. Ngemisebenzi eyenziwe kahle uVasilevsky wanikezwa "iGold Star" yesibili.
Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi yomlando, u-Alexander Vasilevsky waqhubeka nokukhuphuka esigabeni somsebenzi, ekhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba nguNgqongqoshe Wezempi wase-USSR. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokushona kukaStalin ngo-1953, umsebenzi wakhe wobusosha washintsha kakhulu.
Ngo-1956, umphathi-sikhulu wathatha isikhundla sokuba yiphini likaNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela e-USSR kwezesayensi yezempi. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka olandelayo waxoshwa ngenxa yempilo ebuthaka.
Ngemuva kwalokho uVasilevsky wayengusihlalo wokuqala weSoviet Committee of War Veterans. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukukhishwa ngobuningi kuka-1937 kwaba nomthelela ekuqaleni kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945). Isinqumo sikaHitler sokuhlasela i-USSR sasibangelwa ikakhulu ukuthi ngo-1937 izwe lalahlekelwa amasosha amaningi, uFuhrer ayewazi kahle.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala ka-Alexander kwaba Serafima Nikolaevna. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana waba nendodana, u-Yuri, owaba yisikhulu esizayo sezindiza. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umkakhe wayeyindodakazi kaGeorgy Zhukov - u-Era Georgievna.
UVasilevsky waphinde washada nentombazane egama lingu-Ekaterina Vasilievna. Umfana u-Igor wazalelwa kulo mndeni. Kamuva u-Igor uzoba ngumdwebi ohlonishwayo waseRussia.
Ukufa
U-Alexander Vasilevsky washona ngoDisemba 5, 1977 eneminyaka engama-82. Eminyakeni yokusebenza kwakhe ngobuqhawe, wathola ama-oda nezindondo eziningi ezweni lakhe, futhi wathola nemiklomelo engaba ngu-30 yakwamanye amazwe.
Izithombe zikaVasilevsky
