IPyramid of Cheops iyifa lempucuko yasendulo yaseGibhithe; bonke abavakashi abeza eGibhithe bazama ukuyibona. Ishaya umcabango ngosayizi wayo omkhulu. Isisindo sephiramidi cishe singamathani ayizigidi ezine, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ayi-139, kanti ubudala bayo buyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezine no-4.5 Kuseseyindida ukuthi abantu bawakha kanjani amaphiramidi ngalezo zikhathi zasendulo. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi kungani kwakhiwa lezi zakhiwo ezinhle kangaka.
Izinganekwane zephiramidi yeCheops
Imbozwe imfihlakalo, iGibhithe lasendulo lake laba izwe elinamandla kakhulu eMhlabeni. Mhlawumbe abantu bakhe babazi izimfihlo ezingakatholakali esintwini sanamuhla. Uma ubheka amabhlogo amakhulu amatshe e-piramidi, abekwe ngokunemba okuphelele, uqala ukukholelwa ezimangalisweni.
Ngokwenye yezinganekwane, leli piramidi lalisebenza njengendawo yokugcina okusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sendlala enkulu. Le micimbi ichazwe eBhayibhelini (Incwadi kaEksodusi). UFaro wayenephupho elingokwesiprofetho elalixwayisa ngochungechunge lweminyaka enciphile. UJoseph, indodana kaJakobe, owathengiswa ebugqilini ngabafowabo, wakwazi ukuveza iphupho likaFaro. Umbusi waseGibhithe wayala uJoseph ukuthi ahlele ukutholakala kokusanhlamvu, amqoke njengomeluleki wakhe wokuqala. Izinqolobane bekufanele zibe nkulu, uma kubhekwa ukuthi abantu abaningi bondliwe iminyaka eyisikhombisa, lapho kunendlala eMhlabeni. Ukungafani okuncane ezinsukwini - cishe iminyaka eyinkulungwane, abalandeli balombono bachaza ukungalungi kokuhlaziywa kwekhabhoni, lapho abavubukuli benquma iminyaka yobudala bezakhiwo zasendulo.
Ngokusho kwenye inganekwane, lo mbhoshongo wakhonza ekuguqulweni komzimba womzimba kaFaro ezweni eliphezulu lonkulunkulu. Iqiniso elimangazayo ukuthi ngaphakathi kwepiramidi, lapho kumi khona i-sarcophagus yomzimba, akutholakalanga umama kafaro, abaphangi abakwazanga ukuwuthatha. Kungani ababusi baseGibhithe bazakhela amathuna amakhulu kangaka? Ngabe bekuwumgomo wabo ngempela ukwakha i-mausoleum enhle, efakazela ubukhulu namandla? Uma inqubo yokwakha ithathe amashumi ambalwa eminyaka futhi idinga utshalomali olukhulu lwabasebenzi, khona-ke inhloso enkulu yokwakha iphiramidi ibibalulekile kuFaro. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuncane kakhulu esikwaziyo ngezinga lentuthuko yempucuko yasendulo, izimfihlakalo zazo ezingakatholakali. AbaseGibhithe babeyazi imfihlo yempilo engunaphakade. Yatholwa ngofaro ngemuva kokufa, sibonga ubuchwepheshe obabufihlwe ngaphakathi kwemipiramidi.
Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umbhoshongo weCheops wakhiwa yimpucuko enkulu kakhulu yasendulo ngisho nangaphezu kweGibhithe, esingazi lutho ngalo. Futhi abaseGibhithe babuyisela kuphela izakhiwo ezazikhona, futhi bazisebenzisa ngokubona kwabo. Bona uqobo babengazi isu labanduleli abakha imibhoshongo. Abanduleli bangaba yimidondoshiya yempucuko yase-Antediluvia noma izakhamuzi zamanye amaplanethi andizela eMhlabeni eyofuna izwe elisha. Usayizi omkhulu wamabhulokhi lapho kwakhiwa khona iphiramidi kulula ukucabanga njengezinto zokwakha ezilungele imidondoshiya yamamitha ayishumi kunabantu abavamile.
Ngingathanda ukusho inganekwane eyodwa ethakazelisa kakhulu ngephiramidi yeCheops. Bathi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-monolithic kukhona igumbi eliyimfihlo, lapho kukhona ingosi evula izindlela zobunye ubukhulu. Ngenxa yengosi, ungazithola ngokushesha endaweni ekhethiwe ngesikhathi noma kwenye iplanethi eyakhiwe yoMhlaba. Kwakufihlwe ngokucophelela ngabakhi ukuze kusizakale abantu, kodwa maduzane kuzotholakala. Umbuzo uhlala ukuthi ngabe ososayensi banamuhla bazobabuqonda yini ubuchwepheshe basendulo ukusizakala ngokutholwa. Okwamanje, ucwaningo lwabavubukuli kulo mbhoshongo luyaqhubeka.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Ngenkathi yasendulo, lapho kuqala inkathi yempucuko yamaGrikhi namaRoma, izazi zefilosofi zasendulo zahlanganisa incazelo yamatshe esikhumbuzo abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Babizwa ngokuthi "Izimangaliso Eziyisikhombisa Zomhlaba". Babandakanya amaHanging Gardens aseBabiloni, amaKolos aseRhodes nezinye izakhiwo ezibabazekayo ezakhiwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu. IPhiramidi lamaCheops, njengelidala kunawo wonke, lisendaweni yokuqala kulolu hlu. Lesi isimangaliso kuphela somhlaba osesekhona kuze kube namuhla, konke okunye kwabhujiswa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule.
Ngokwencazelo yezazi-mlando zasendulo zamaGrikhi, iphiramidi enkulu yayikhanya emisebeni yelanga, iphonsa isheen yegolide efudumele. Yayibhekene namatshe amakhulu amatshe amatshe omcako. I-limestone emhlophe ebushelelezi, ehlotshiswe ngama-hieroglyphs nemidwebo, ikhombisa izihlabathi zasogwadule oluzungezile. Kamuva, izakhamizi zakule ndawo zaqaqa amakhaza emizi yazo, ezalahleka ngenxa yomlilo oshisayo. Mhlawumbe phezulu kwephiramidi kwakuhlotshiswe ngebhulokhi elikhethekile elingunxantathu elenziwe ngezinto eziyigugu.
Emaceleni kwephiramidi lamaCheops esigodini kunedolobha eliphelele labafileyo. Izakhiwo eziwohlokile zamathempeli omngcwabo, amanye amaphiramidi amabili amakhulu namathuna amancane ambalwa. Isifanekiso esikhulu se-sphinx esinekhala elisikiwe, esisanda kubuyiselwa, siqoshwe ebhulokini le-monolithic ngobukhulu obukhulu. Ithathwe enkwalini efanayo namatshe okwakhiwa kwamathuna. Ngesinye isikhathi, amamitha ayishumi ukusuka kwipiramidi kwakukhona udonga olungamamitha amathathu ubukhulu. Mhlawumbe kwakuhloselwe ukuqapha ingcebo yasebukhosini, kepha ayikwazanga ukumisa abaphangi.
Umlando wokwakha
Ososayensi namanje abakwazi ukufika ekuvumelaneni ngokuthi abantu basendulo bakha kanjani iphiramidi yeCheops kusuka emadwaleni amakhulu. Ngokuya ngemidwebo etholakala ezindongeni zamanye amaphiramidi aseGibhithe, kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi abasebenzi basike ibhulokhi ngalinye emadwaleni, bese behudulela lapho kwakhiwa khona ngerempu eyenziwe ngomsedari. Umlando awunakho ukuvumelana mayelana nokuthi ngubani owayebandakanyeka kulo msebenzi - abalimi ababengekho omunye umsebenzi ngesikhathi kukhukhula iNayile, izigqila zikaFaro noma abasebenzi abaqashiwe.
Ubunzima busekuthini ukuthi amabhlogo bekungafanele nje alethwe esakhiweni kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthi aphakanyiselwe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Iphiramidi yeCheops yayiyisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eMhlabeni ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwe-Eiffel Tower. Abakhi bezakhiwo banamuhla babona isisombululo sale nkinga ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngokusho kwenguqulo esemthethweni, ukuphakamisa amabhlogo womshini kwakudala. Kuyethusa ukucabanga ukuthi bangaki abantu abafa ngenkathi kwakhiwa ngale ndlela. Lapho izintambo nezintambo ezazibambe isigaxa sezidabukile, wayekwazi ukuchoboza inqwaba yabantu ngesisindo sakhe. Kwakunzima kakhulu ukufaka ibhulokhi eliphezulu lesakhiwo endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-140 ngaphezu komhlaba.
Abanye ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi abantu basendulo babenobuchwepheshe bokulawula amandla adonsela phansi omhlaba. Amabhulokhi anesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ama-2, okwakhiwa kuwo iphiramidi yeCheops, angahanjiswa ngale ndlela kalula. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngabasebenzi abaqashiwe abebazi zonke izimfihlo zobuciko, ngaphansi kobuholi bomshana kaFaro Cheops. Kwakungekho mhlatshelo womuntu, umsebenzi ogqilazayo wezigqila, ubuciko bokwakha kuphela, obufinyelela ubuchwepheshe obuphakeme kakhulu obungafinyeleleki empucuko yethu.
Iphiramidi inesisekelo esifanayo ohlangothini ngalunye. Ubude bayo ngamamitha angu-230 namasentimitha angama-40. Ukunemba okumangalisayo kwabakhi basendulo abangafundile. Ubuningi bamatshe buphakeme kakhulu kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukufaka insingo phakathi kwawo. Indawo engamahektha amahlanu ihlala isakhiwo esisodwa se-monolithic, amabhlogo ayo axhunywe nesisombululo esikhethekile. Kunezindima namakamelo amaningana ngaphakathi kwepiramidi. Kunemibhobho ebheke izinkomba ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Inhloso yezinto eziningi zangaphakathi ihlala iyimfihlakalo. Abaphangi bathathe konke okuyigugu isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba abavubukuli bokuqala bangene ethuneni.
Njengamanje, le phiramidi ifakiwe kuhlu lwe-UNESCO lwamagugu amasiko. Isithombe sakhe sihlobisa izindlela eziningi zabavakashi zaseGibhithe. Ngekhulu le-19, iziphathimandla zaseGibhithe zazifuna ukuqaqa izakhiwo ezinkulu zasendulo zokwakha amadamu eMfuleni iNayile. Kodwa izindleko zabasebenzi zedlula kude izinzuzo zomsebenzi, ngakho-ke izikhumbuzo zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zasendulo zisekhona kuze kube yilolu suku, zijabulisa abahambi beGiza Valley.
