Izithombe ze-Easter Island ziheha izivakashi eziningi ngokwenza kwazo okuthile. Eminye yayo ingabonakala kumamnyuziyamu amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kepha kungcono ukuya eChile uhambe phakathi kwezithombe, uncome ubukhulu bazo nokwehluka kwazo. Kukholakala ukuthi zenziwa ngesikhathi esivela ku-1250 kuya ku-1500. Kodwa-ke, imfihlo yokwenziwa kwamatshe aqoshiwe isadluliselwa ngomlomo.
Izithombe ze-Easter Island nezici zazo eziyinhloko
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi zingaki izithombe zalolu hlobo ezikhona nokuthi lezi zidumbu ezinkulu zavelaphi esiqhingini esincane. Okwamanje, sekutholwe imifanekiso ebaziwe engama-887 enosayizi ohlukahlukene, eyenziwe ngesitayela esifanayo. Zibizwa nangokuthi i-moai. Kuyiqiniso, kungenzeka ukuthi ukumba okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile e-Easter Island kuzoholela ekutholeni ezinye izithombe, izizwe zendawo ezingakaze zizifake.
Izinto zokwenziwa kwezithombe zamatshe ziyi-tuffite - idwala lemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo. Ama-moai angama-95% enziwe nge-tuff ekhishwe entabamlilo iRano Raraku, etholakala e-Easter Island. Zimbalwa izithombe ezenziwe ngezinye izinhlobo:
- I-trachita - izithombe ze-22;
- amatshe amapayipi avela e-Ohio volcano - 17;
- i-basalt - 13;
- mujierite wentaba-mlilo iRano Kao - 1.
Imithombo eminingi ihlinzeka ngemininingwane engathembekile mayelana nobuningi be-moai, ngoba bayayibala becabangela iqiniso lokuthi zenziwe nge-basalt, hhayi idwala le-basalt elincane kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, isisindo esilinganiselwe sezithombe sifinyelela kumathani ayi-5, ngakho-ke abantu besikhathi esiningi bavame ukuqagela ukuthi izibalo ezinzima kangaka zisuswe kanjani enkwalini zayiswa lapho zikhona manje.
Izithombe ze-Easter Island ziba ngosayizi ukusuka kumamitha ama-3 kuye kwayi-5, kanti isisekelo sazo singamamitha ayi-1.6 ububanzi. Zimbalwa kuphela izithombe ezifika ekuphakameni okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 kanye nesisindo samathani ayi-10. Zonke zingezesikhathi esizayo. Izithombe ezinjalo zihlukaniswa ngamakhanda avulekile. Esithombeni, kubonakala sengathi badlulisa izici zobuso bomjaho waseCaucasus, kepha empeleni i-physiognomy iphinda izici zabantu basePolynesia. Lokhu kuhlanekezelwa kwakusetshenziselwa inhloso eyodwa yokwandisa ukuphakama kwezifanekiso.
Imibuzo ebuzwa lapho ubona i-moai
Okokuqala, abaningi banesithakazelo ekutheni kungani lezi zithombe zisakazeke kuso sonke isiqhingi nokuthi iyini inhloso yazo. Iningi lezithixo lifakwe kuzindawo zokungcwaba ze-ahu - Izizwe zasendulo zazikholelwa ukuthi i-moai ithatha amandla okhokho abavelele futhi kamuva isize inzalo yabo evela kwelinye izwe.
Kunenganekwane yokuthi umsunguli wenkambiso yokwakha izithombe wayengumholi womndeni wakwaKhotu Matu'a, owayalela ukuthi ngemuva kokushona kwakhe bakhe isithombe e-Easter Island, ahlukanisele umhlaba uqobo amadodana akhe ayisithupha. Kukholakala ukuthi imana ifihlwe ezithombeni, okuthi, ngokuzindla okufanele, zikhulise isivuno, zilethe ukuchuma esizweni, futhi zinikeze amandla.
Okwesibili, kubonakala sengathi akunakwenzeka ukudlulisa amatshe anjalo kusuka e-volcano ayiswe ezindaweni ezikude ngokwanele ehlathini. Abaningi babeka imibono eyehlukene, kepha iqiniso lavela laba lula kakhulu. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, umhambi waseNorway, uThor Heyerdahl, waphendukela kumholi wesizwe "esinezindlebe ezinde". Uzamile ukuthola ukuthi lezi zithombe zibizwa ngani, zenzelwe ini nokuthi zenziwa kanjani. Ngenxa yalokhu, yonke inqubo yachazwa ngokuningiliziwe futhi yakhiqizwa kabusha njengesibonelo sabacwaningi abavakashile.
Sincoma ukuthi ubuke umfanekiso kaKristu uMhlengi.
UHeyerdahl wazibuza ukuthi kungani phambilini ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza babufihlwe kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha umholi waphendula kuphela ukuthi ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi akekho owayeke wabuza nge-moai futhi akazange abuze ukukhombisa ukuthi zenziwa kanjani. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokwesiko, ama-nuances wendlela yokwakha izithombe ze-Easter Island adluliselwa kusuka kwabadala kuya kwabancane, ngakho-ke ayikakhohlakali.
Ukuze ungqongqoze edwaleni lentaba-mlilo, kuyadingeka ukwenza izando ezikhethekile okushaywa ngazo izibalo. Lapho sishaywa, isando siyaphahlazeka sibe izicucu, ngakho-ke kuye kwadingeka kwenziwe amathuluzi anjalo angamakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi isithombe sesilungile, sasihudulwa ngesandla yinqwaba yabantu besebenzisa izintambo futhi sadonswa ku-ahu. Endaweni yokungcwaba, kwafakwa amatshe ngaphansi kwalesi sithombe futhi ngosizo lwezingodo, besebenzisa indlela ye-lever, bayifaka endaweni edingekayo.
