UHeinrich Luitpold Himmler (1900-1945) - omunye wezibalo ezisemqoka zombuso wesithathu, iqembu lamaNazi kanye neReichsfuehrer SS. Wayebandakanyeke emacaleni amaningi obuNazi, engomunye wabahleli abakhulu bokuQothulwa Kwesizwe. Uthonye ngqo wonke amaphoyisa angaphakathi nangaphandle namabutho ezokuphepha, kubandakanya neGestapo.
Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, uHimmler wayekuthanda ukusebenzelana nemimoya futhi wasabalalisa inqubomgomo yobuNazi yobuhlanga. Wethula imikhuba ye-esoteric empilweni yansuku zonke yamasosha ama-SS.
Kwakungu-Himmler owasungula amaqembu okubulala, enza ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi. Ubhekele ukwakhiwa kwamakamu okuhlushwa lapho kwabulawa khona amashumi ezigidi zabantu.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaHimmler, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaHeinrich Himmler.
Umlando kaHimmler
UHeinrich Himmler wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 7, 1900 eMunich. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini olula wamaKatolika ashisekayo.
Ubaba wakhe, uJoseph Gebhard, wayenguthisha, kanti umama wakhe, u-Anna Maria, wayebambe iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane nasekuqhubeni ikhaya. Ngaphezu kukaHeinrich emndenini wakwaHimmler wazalelwa abanye abafana ababili - uGebhard no-Ernst.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngesikhathi esemncane, uHenry wayengenayo impilo enhle, ehlushwa izinhlungu zesisu nezinye izifo. Ebusheni bakhe, wayenikela isikhathi nsuku zonke kuma-gymnastics ukuze aqine.
Lapho uHimmler eneminyaka engaba ngu-10 ubudala, waqala ukubhala idayari, lapho axoxa khona ngenkolo, ezombusazwe kanye nobudlelwano bezocansi. Ngo-1915 waba i-Landshut cadet. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 wabhaliswa ebuthweni eligcinwayo.
Ngenkathi uHeinrich esaqeqeshwa, iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918) yaphela, lapho iGerman yahlulwa ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, akazange abe nesikhathi sokubamba iqhaza ezimpini.
Ekupheleni kuka-1918, umfana wabuyela ekhaya, lapho ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva wangena ekolishi e-faculty yezolimo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi wayethanda i-agronomy ngisho nasezingeni likaReichsfuehrer, eyalela iziboshwa ukuthi zikhule izitshalo zokwelapha.
Ngesikhathi somlando wakhe, uHeinrich Himmler wayesazibheka njengomKatolika, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wazizwa enengwa kakhulu ngamaJuda. Lapho-ke eJalimane, ubandlululo lwamaJuda lwalusakazeka kakhulu, okwakungajabulisa amaNazi esizayo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uHimmler wayenabangane abaningi abanemvelaphi yobuJuda, ayenenhlonipho futhi enomusa kubo. Ngaleso sikhathi, uHeinrich wayezabalaza ukwakha umsebenzi wobusosha. Lapho imizamo yakhe ingaphumeleli, waqala ukufuna ubungane nabaholi bezempi abavelele.
Le ndoda yakwazi ukwazana no-Ernst Rem, ongomunye wabasunguli beStorm Troops (SA). U-Himmler wambuka kakhulu uRem, owadlula kuyo yonke impi, futhi ezincomweni zakhe wajoyina inhlangano elwa namaSemite "Society of the Imperial Banner".
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
Maphakathi no-1923, uHeinrich wajoyina i-NSDAP, ngemuva kwalokho wabamba iqhaza kwiBeer Putsch edumile, lapho amaNazi azama ukuguqula umbuso. Ngesikhathi se-biography yakhe, wazimisela ukuba ngusopolitiki, efuna ukwenza ngcono isimo sezinto eJalimane.
Kodwa-ke, ukwehluleka kweBhiya Putsch akuzange kumvumele u-Himmler ukuthi aphumelele ku-Olympus yezepolitiki, ngenxa yalokho kwadingeka abuyele ekhaya kubazali bakhe. Ngemuva kochungechunge lwezingqinamba, waba ngumuntu othukile, onolaka futhi othanda ukuhlala yedwa.
Ekupheleni kuka-1923, uHenry walahla inkolo yamaKatolika, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wafunda ngokujulile ngemilingo. Wayenesithakazelo ezinganekwaneni zaseJalimane nasemibonweni yamaNazi.
Ngemuva kokuboshwa kuka-Adolf Hitler, wasebenzisa ithuba lesiphithiphithi esavela, wasondela komunye wabasunguli be-NSDAP, uGregor Strasser, owamenza unobhala wakhe wenkulumo-ze.
Ngenxa yalokho, uHimmler akazange amdumaze umphathi wakhe. Walihamba lonke iBavaria, lapho anxusa amaJalimane ukuthi ajoyine iNazi Party. Ngesikhathi ehamba ezweni lonke, wabona isimo esidabukisayo sabantu, ikakhulukazi abalimi. Kodwa-ke, le ndoda yayinesiqiniseko sokuthi amaJuda kuphela ayizimbangela zalo monakalo.
UHeinrich Himmler wenza ukuhlaziywa okuphelele mayelana nobukhulu besizwe samaJuda, amaFreemason kanye nezitha zepolitiki zamaNazi. Ehlobo lika-1925, wajoyina iNational Socialist German Workers 'Party, eyasungulwa kabusha nguHitler.
Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, u-Himmler weluleka uHitler ukuthi asungule uphiko lwe-SS, lapho kwakuzoba khona ama-Aryan angenacala kuphela. Ebonga ithalente nezifiso zikaHeinrich, umholi weqembu wamenza iPhini likaReichsfuehrer SS ekuqaleni kuka-1929.
Inhloko ye-SS
Eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokusebenza kukaHimmler, inani lamasosha ama-SS lenyuka cishe izikhathi eziyishumi. Lapho uphiko lwamaNazi luthola inkululeko kuStorm Troops, wanquma ukwethula umfaniswano omnyama esikhundleni sowombala onsundu.
Ngo-1931, uHeinrich wamemezela ukusungulwa kwenkonzo eyimfihlo, i-SD, eholwa nguHeydrich. AmaJalimane amaningi ayephupha ngokujoyina ama-SS, kepha ngenxa yalokhu kwakufanele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zobuhlanga futhi abe nezimfanelo "zeNordic."
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uHitler wakhuphula umholi we-SS esikhundleni sika-Obergruppenführer. Futhi, uFuehrer wasabela kahle embonweni kaHimmler wokudala i-Special Unit (kamuva eyaba "yi-Imperial Security Service").
UHeinrich wagxila ngamandla amakhulu, ngenxa yalokho waba ngomunye wabantu abanethonya elikhulu eJalimane. Ngo-1933 wakha ikamu lokuqala lokuhlushwa, iDachau, lapho ekuqaleni kwathunyelwa izitha zezepolitiki zamaNazi kuphela.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izigebengu, abantu abangenamakhaya kanye nabamele izinhlanga "eziphansi" baqala ukuhlala eDachau. On isinyathelo Himmler waqala ucwaningo esabekayo kubantu, lapho kwafa izinkulungwane zeziboshwa.
Entwasahlobo ka-1934, uGoering waqoka uHimmler ukuba ahole amaGestapo, amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi. UHeinrich ubambe iqhaza kumalungiselelo "Obusuku Bemiqeni Emide" - ukubulawa ngesihluku kuka-Adolf Hitler phezu kwamasosha aseNingizimu Afrika, okwenzeka ngoJuni 30, 1934. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nguHimmler owafakaza amanga ngamacala amaningi obugebengu beziphepho.
AmaNazi akwenze lokhu ukuze aqede noma ngubani oncintisana naye futhi athole ithonya elikhulu ezweni. Ehlobo lika-1936, uFuehrer waqoka uHeinrich ukuthi abe yinhloko ephezulu yazo zonke izinsizakalo zamaphoyisa aseJalimane, ayezifuna ngempela.
AmaJuda nephrojekthi yeGemini
NgoMeyi 1940, u-Himmler waqamba isethi yemithetho - "Ukwelashwa kwabanye abantu eMpumalanga", ayethula kuHitler ukuthi ayicubungule. Ngezindlela eziningi, ngokuzithoba kwakhe, amaJuda angama-300,000, amaGypsies namaKhomanisi aqedwa ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ukubulawa kwabantu abangenacala kwakukukhulu futhi kungenabuntu kangangokuthi ingqondo yabasebenzi bakaHenry yayingakwazi ukumelana nayo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngenkathi uHimmler ebizelwa ukuthi amise ukuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi ngeziboshwa, wathi lokhu kwakungumyalo kaFuhrer nokuthi amaJuda angabathwali bezinkolelo zobukhomanisi. Ngemuva kwalokho, wathi wonke umuntu ofuna ukuyeka lokho kuhlanzwa angazithola esendaweni yezisulu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uHeinrich Himmler wayesakhe cishe amakamu okuhlushwa ayi-12, lapho kwabulawa khona izinkulungwane zabantu nsuku zonke. Ngenkathi amasosha aseJalimane engena emazweni ahlukene, u-Einsatzgruppen wangena ezweni elinabantu futhi waqothula amaJuda nabanye "abantu"
Esikhathini esiyi-1941-1942. cishe iziboshwa ezingama-2.8 million zaseSoviet zafa emakamu. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945), izakhamizi ezifika ezigidini ezingama-3.3 zaba yizisulu zamakamu okuhlushwa, iningi labo elabulawa ngokubulawa nasezindlini zegesi.
Ngaphezu kokubhujiswa okuphelele kwabantu abaphikisana noMbuso Wesithathu, uHimmler waqhubeka nokwenza izivivinyo zezokwelapha eziboshweni. Uhole iphrojekthi yeGemini lapho odokotela bamaNazi behlola imithi eziboshweni.
Ochwepheshe banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi amaNazi afuna ukudala umuntu onamandla. Izisulu zezinto ezihlasimulisayo kwakuvamise ukuthi kube yizingane ezafa ngokufa komfel 'ukholo noma zahlala zikhubazekile impilo yazo yonke.
Amandla ahambisana neGemini kwakuyi-Ahnenerbe Project (1935-1945), inhlangano eyasungulwa ukutadisha amasiko, umlando kanye namagugu omjaho waseJalimane.
Abasebenzi bayo bahamba umhlaba wonke, bezama ukuthola izinto zobuciko zamandla asendulo ohlanga lwamaJalimane. Izimali ezinkulu zabelwa lo msebenzi, ezavumela amalungu awo ukuthi abe nakho konke akudingayo ocwaningweni lwawo.
Ekupheleni kwempi, uHeinrich Himmler wahlela ukwenza ukuthula okuhlukile nabaphikisi bakhe, ebona ukuthi iJalimane lalizokwehluleka. Kodwa-ke, akazange athole mpumelelo emizamweni yakhe.
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 1945, uFuhrer wambiza ngembuka futhi wamyala ukuba athole uHeinrich amchithe. Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi, inhloko yama-SS yayivele ishiye insimu eyayiphethwe amaJalimane.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UHimmler wayeshade nomhlengikazi, uMargaret von Boden, owayemdala ngeminyaka engu-7. Njengoba le ntombazane yayingumProthestani, abazali bakaHenry babephikisana nalo mshado.
Noma kunjalo, ehlobo lika-1928, abantu abasha bashada. Kulo mshado, intombazane uGudrun yazalwa (uGudrun washona ngo-2018 futhi kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe eseka uyise nemibono yamaNazi. Wanikeza usizo olwahlukahlukene kwababengamasosha ama-SS futhi waya emihlanganweni yamaNazi).
Futhi, uHeinrich noMargaret babenendodana yokutholwa eyayisebenza kuma-SS futhi yayisekuthunjweni kweSoviet. Lapho ededelwa, wasebenza njengentatheli, efa engenangane.
Ekuqaleni kwempi, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabashadikazi baqala ukuphola, ngenxa yalokho baveze indoda nomkayo abanothando, kunokuba babenjalo ngempela. Ngokushesha, uHimmler wayesenenkosikazi ebusweni bukanobhala wakhe ogama lakhe linguHedwig Potthast.
Ngenxa yalobu budlelwano, inhloko ye-SS yayinezingane ezimbili ezingekho emthethweni - umfana uHelge nentombazane uNanette Dorothea.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uHimmler wayehlala ephethe iBhagavad Gita naye - enye yezincwadi ezingcwele kubuHindu. Ukuthathe njengesiqondisi esihle kakhulu sokwesaba nobudlova. Ngefilosofi yale ncwadi ethile, wafakazela futhi wakuthethelela ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe.
Ukufa
UHimmler akazange aziguqule izimiso zakhe nangemva kokuhlulwa kweJalimane. Wayefuna ukuhola izwe ngemuva kokwehlulwa, kepha yonke imizamo yakhe ayizange ibe namphumela. Ngemuva kokwenqatshwa kokugcina kukaMongameli wamaReich uDoenitz, wahamba ngomshoshaphansi.
UHeinrich waqeda izibuko zakhe, wafaka ibhandishi futhi, egqoke umfaniswano wesikhulu se-gendarmerie, waqonda emngceleni waseDenmark ephethe imibhalo engumbombayi. NgoMeyi 21, 1945, eduzane nedolobha laseMeinstedt, ngaphansi kwegama likaHeinrich Hitzinger (owayebukeka ngendlela efanayo futhi wadutshulwa phambilini), uHimmler nabantu ababili ababenomqondo ofanayo baboshwa ababekade beyiziboshwa zempi zaseSoviet.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, omunye wamaNazi ayisihluthulelo wayiswa ekamu laseBrithani ukuze ayoqhubeka nokuphenywa ngemibuzo. Ngokushesha, uHeinrich wavuma ukuthi ungubani ngempela.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, isiboshwa sasiluma iphilisi elinoshevu, elalisemlonyeni wakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15, udokotela wakuqopha ukufa kwakhe. UHeinrich Himmler ushone ngomhlaka 23 Meyi 1945 eneminyaka engama-44.
Isidumbu sakhe sangcwatshwa eduze kwaseLuneburg Heath. Indawo yokungcwaba yamaNazi ayikaziwa kuze kube namuhla. Ngo-2008, iphephandaba laseJalimane iDer Spiegel labiza uHimmler njengomakhi wezokuQothulwa Kwesizwe futhi waba ngomunye wababulali ababi kakhulu emlandweni wesintu.
Izithombe zeHimmler
