IChurch of the Holy Sepulcher ingenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abamele ubuKristu, njengoba ihlobene ngqo nokuza kukaKristu. Izinkulungwane zabantu zifika eJerusalema nsuku zonke ezithi imizwa ngemuva kokuvakashela ithempeli ayikwazi ukudluliswa ngamagama, ngoba konke okuzungezile kugcwele ingokomoya, futhi azikho izithombe ezizodlulisa ubuhle obusondele ekubukekeni kwamanje kwesakhiwo sesonto.
Umlando wokwakhiwa kweSonto Lethuna Elingcwele
Ithempeli lakhiwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule, kepha kumaKristu lendawo ibilokhu ingcwele njalo. Ngo-135, kwakhiwa ithempeli likaVenus endaweni yomhume. Isonto lokuqala lavela ngenxa kaSt. Indlovukazi u-Elena. Ithempeli elisha lisuka eGolgotha liye eSiphambanweni esinikeza impilo.
Isakhiwo sonke sinezakhiwo ezihlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- ithempeli-mausoleum oyindilinga;
- isonto eline-crypt;
- amagceke e-peristyle.
Ingaphambili lesonto leSonto Lovuko nomhlobiso walo belihlotshiswe kahle. Inqubo yokukhanyisa yenzeka ngoSepthemba 13, 335.
Sincoma ukufunda ngethempeli laseZulwini.
Ngo-614, u-Israyeli wahlaselwa ngamasosha asePheresiya, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho kwathathwa isakhiwo esingcwele sabhujiswa kancane. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwaqedwa ngo-626. Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, isonto lahlaselwa futhi, kodwa kulokhu izindawo ezingcwele azizange zilimale.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-11, iThempeli le-Holy Sepulcher labhujiswa ngu-Al-Hakim bi-Amrullah. Kamuva, uKonstantin Monomakh wathola imvume yokubuyisela isonto elikhulu elingcwele. Ngenxa yalokho, wakha ithempeli elisha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi laliliphansi kunelandulela lalo ebuhleni balo. Izakhiwo zazibukeka njengezindlu zesonto ngazinye; i-rotunda yoVuko yahlala iyisakhiwo esikhulu.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yenkolo, le nxanxathela yakhiwa kabusha ngezinto zesitayela samaRoma, ngenxa yalokho ithempeli elisha laphinde lahlanganisa zonke izindawo ezingcwele ezihambisana nokuhlala kukaJesu eJerusalema. Izakhiwo zalandela ne-Gothic, kepha ukubukeka kwasekuqaleni kwethempeli elikhulu elinamakholomu, abizwa ngokuthi "izinsika zika-Helena", kwagcinwa kancane.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-16, insimbi eyakhiwe kabusha yehla kancane ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, ithempeli lakhuliswa ngamabutho ezindela zaseFranciscan. Baphinde banakekela umhlobiso wangaphakathi we-cuvuklia.
Ngo-1808, kwaqubuka umlilo, ngenxa yokuthi kulimale kakhulu itende elingaphezu kwe-mausoleum kanye ne-kuvukliya. Ukulungiswa kwathatha cishe iminyaka emibili, ngemuva kwalokho kwalungiswa umonakalo, kwathi ngeminyaka yama-60s yekhulu le-19 idome yanikezwa ukwakheka kwe-hemisphere, okwakwenza ukuthi ibukeke njenge-Anastasis, eyakhiwe nguConstantine the Great.
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, amapulani ayewukwakhiwa kabusha kwethempeli emhlabeni jikelele, kepha uhlelo aluzange luphumelele ngenxa ye-WWII. Ngo-1959, kwaqala ukubuyiselwa okukhulu, kwathi kamuva, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, idome nayo yashintshwa. Ngo-2013, izinsimbi zokugcina zalethwa zisuka eRussia zafakwa endaweni ehleliwe.
Amahlelo nezinqubo ezisungulwe yibo
Njengoba ithempeli liyisisekelo sobuKrestu, amahlelo ayisithupha anelungelo lokwenza izinkonzo ngaphakathi kwawo. Zonke zinendlu yazo, ngayinye inesikhathi esithile somkhuleko. Ngakho-ke, iGolgotha neCatholicon banikezwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox. I-Liturgy eCuvuklia ibanjwa ngokulandelana ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuqinisekisa isimo esinokuthula ebudlelwaneni bokuvuma izono, okhiye bethempeli banikezwa umndeni wamaSulumane kusukela ngo-1192. Ilungelo lokuvula amasango linikezwe omunye umndeni wamaSulumane. Abanikazi abakhulu abaguquki, futhi izibopho ezimweni zombili zizuzwe njengefa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ahlobene nethempeli
Kuwo wonke umlando wethempeli, kuye kwaqoqwa izinto eziningi ezikhangayo ezibalulekile kubamele izinkolo ezahlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha, kuvame ukukhonjiswa izitebhisi ezingenakususwa, ezifakwe phakathi kwezingxenye ezingenhla zesakhiwo. Ngaphambilini, yayisetshenziswa izindela ukungena ngokushesha, manje ayisuswanga, ngoba iwuphawu lokuhleleka okumisiwe phakathi kokuvuma. Ukuxhaswa kwezitebhisi kusendaweni yama-Orthodox, futhi ukuphela kwayo kunamathiselwe engxenyeni yesivumo sase-Armenia. Izinguquko esakhiweni sethempeli zingenziwa kuphela ngemvume yabamele ukuvuma okuyisithupha, ngakho-ke akekho noyedwa olokotha asuse lesi sici esikhathini esedlule.
Olunye lwamakholomu olungaphambili lwesakhiwo sethempeli leNkosi luhlukanisiwe. Lesi ngesinye sezimangaliso ezichazwe enganekwaneni. Ukuqhekeka kwavela ngo-1634 ngoMgqibelo Omkhulu. Ngenxa yokwehluka kwezinsuku zokugubha iPhasika, kwaqubuka ingxabano phakathi kokuvuma izono, ngenxa yokuthi amakholwa ama-Orthodox ayengavunyelwe esontweni ukwenza umcimbi wokwehla koMlilo oNgcwele. Labo abeza enkonzweni bathandaze khona kanye ezindongeni zesonto elikhulu, ngenxa yalokho, kusuka esitelekeni sombani esivela emseleni, uMlilo oNgcwele wavutha. Ngokwamasiko ama-Orthodox, kumele kukhanyiswe amakhandlela angama-33 avela eMlilweni Ongcwele, okuthi lapho kuphela inkonzo, ithathwe iyiswe ekhaya ukuyohlanza nokuvikela iziko lomndeni.
Imvamisa izivakashi zinesifiso sokubheka itshe lokuqinisekisa, lapho uJesu alethwa khona ngemuva kokubethelwa. Linaleli gama ngoba kubekwe isidumbu phezu kwalo ukuze ligcotshwe ngamafutha ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa. Isithonjana esihle kakhulu se-mosaic sihlobisa udonga olubhekene ne-Anointing Stone. Ngesikhathi sohambo, kufanele basho ngesithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu nengxenye yesithonjana sikaMama KaNkulunkulu Ososizini.
Ukusiza izivakashi
Abavakashi abeza eJerusalema bayazibuza ukuthi ikuphi iSonto Lendawo Engcwele Engcwele. Ikheli lalo: Idolobha Elidala, iChristian Quarter. Akunakwenzeka ukweqa okuyinkimbinkimbi; awudingi ukubuza abadlula ngendlela ngezincazelo. Amahora okuvula ngo-2016 ayahluka ngokuya ngesizini. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ungahlala ensimini kusuka emahoreni ama-5 kuye kwangama-20, nasekwindla nasebusika kusuka ngo-4: 30 kuye ku-19: 00.
Wonke umuntu angathenga izikhumbuzo, athenge amanothi ezempilo noma athathe izithombe ezingasoze zalibaleka. Kodwa-ke, lona iqiniso lokuvakashela ethempelini lizoshiya imizwa eminingi, singathini ngalabo abanenhlanhla abebeze komunye wemikhuba, ngokwesibonelo, umshado.
