Uma uhamba ngehora usuka eSt. Petersburg, esiqhingini esincane saseGulf of Finland, umi iVyborg Castle - inqaba yamatshe yekhulu le-13. Idala kakhulu kunenhlokodolobha yasenyakatho yeRussia futhi ineminyaka efanayo neVyborg. Le nqaba ihlukile ngomlando wayo nezinga lokulondolozwa kokwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni. Izigaba zokwakhiwa, ukuqedwa nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezindonga nemibhoshongo kwakukhombisa umlando walesi sifundazwe nokwakhiwa kwemingcele esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe laseRussia. Imizila eminingi yabavakashi iholela enqabeni, imikhosi namakhonsathi abanjelwa lapha, ukuvakasha kubanjwa njalo.
Umlando wenqaba yaseVyborg
Ukunqoba amazwe amasha, abaseSweden phakathi neMpi Yenkolo yesi-3 bakhetha isiqhingi eStrait of Finland, okwakuyisikhathi eside ijele laseKarelian likhona. Ukuze babe sesimweni esihle ezweni laseKarelian, abaseSweden bacekela phansi izakhamizi zabomdabu futhi bakha inqaba yabo yokuqapha - itshe le-tetrahedral (isikwele ububanzi) elizungezwe udonga.
Indawo yenqaba entsha ayikhethwanga ngengozi: isikhundla esiphakeme edwaleni legranite sanikeza amandla okubusa indawo ezungezile, izinzuzo eziningi zebutho lamasosha lapho zihlola amazwe, ngenkathi zivikela futhi zivikela ezitheni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sasingekho isidingo sokumba umsele, umgoqo wamanzi wawusivele ukhona. Ukukhethwa kwesiza sokwakha kwakukuhlakanipha kakhulu - inqaba yaqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuphepha kwemikhumbi yabathengisi baseSweden futhi ayizange izinikele ngesikhathi sokuvinjezelwa.
Umbhoshongo waqanjwa ngegama lokuhlonipha uSt. Olaf, futhi idolobha, elakhiwa ngaphakathi kwenqaba yaqhubekela phambili nezwekazi, labizwa nge- “Holy Fortress”, noma iVyborg. Lokhu kwakungo-1293. Umsunguli wedolobha, njengeVyborg Castle uqobo, uthathwa njengoSweden Marshal Knutsson, owahlela ukuthunjwa kweWestern Karelia.
Ngemva konyaka, ibutho laseNovgorod lazama ukusibuyisa lesi siqhingi, kodwa isigodlo saseVyborg esasinezivikelo eziqinile sasinda ngaleso sikhathi. Akazange anikezele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300, futhi sonke lesi sikhathi wayephethe iSweden.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-1495, u-Ivan III wavimbezela idolobha ngebutho elikhulu. AmaRussia ayeqiniseka ngokunqoba, kepha lokhu akwenzekanga. Umlando ugcine inganekwane mayelana "neVyborg Thunder" kanye nomlumbi-umbusi, owayaleza ukuthi aphathe "ipayipi elikhulu" lesihogo ngaphansi kwamagumbi ombhoshongo okuwukuphela kwawo owawusele ngaleso sikhathi. Yagcwaliswa ngesisombululo esesabekayo sesibhuqu nezinye izinto ezivuthayo. Umbhoshongo waqhunyiswa, abavinjezelwe futhi bayinqoba le mpi.
Ukuvinjezelwa njalo, kwesinye isikhathi kube nemililo nezifiso zabaphathi abashintshayo baseSweden, akubanga neqhaza ekubuyiselweni nasekubuyisweni kwezindonga, kepha nasekwakhiweni kwehhovisi elisha nezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nezindawo zokuqapha ezinezikhala. Ngekhulu le-16, le nqaba yaqala ukubonakala esikubona namuhla; emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo, izinguquko zazingabalulekile. Ngakho-ke, iVyborg castle yazuza isikhundla setshe lesikhumbuzo sangesikhathi esidlule sokwakhiwa kwezempi eNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Nakulokhu, iVyborg Castle yanquma ukubuyela eRussia uPeter I. Ukuvinjezelwa kwenqaba eCastle Island kwaphela izinyanga ezimbili, kwathi ngoJuni 12, 1710 yazinikela. Ngenkathi kuqiniswa imingcele yaseRussia kwakhiwa nezinye izindawo zokuphuma, ukubaluleka kweVyborg njengenqaba yamasosha kwalahleka kancane kancane, ikamu laqala ukutholakala lapha, kwase kuba izindawo zokugcina izimpahla kanye nejele. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, le nqaba yakhishwa emnyangweni wezempi yaqala ukwakhiwa kabusha njengemyuziyamu yomlando. Kepha lavulwa kuphela ngo-1960, ngemuva kokuthi idolobha laliyingxenye yeFinland ngo-1918 futhi labuyela e-USSR ngo-1944.
Incazelo yenqaba
ICastle Island incane, imamitha ayi-122x170 kuphela. Kusuka ogwini kuya esiqhingini kuneCastle Bridge, ebotshelwe ngezikhiya - abasanda kushada babaxhuma kojantshi benethemba lokuphila okude komndeni.
Uma ukude umuntu angabona umbhoshongo waseSt. Olaf onobude bezitezi eziyi-7, ubukhulu bezindonga zawo ezingezansi bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-4. Ngaphansi nangaphansi kwesigaba sokuqala, kwagcinwa izinto, iziboshwa zagcinwa, esigabeni sesibili kwakuhlala umbusi waseSweden nabantu bakhe. Isakhiwo esikhulu esinezitezi eziyisihlanu senqaba sinamathiselwe kulombhoshongo, lapho phambilini bekukhona amakamelo okuhlala nawomkhosi, amahholo ama-knights, nesitezi esiphezulu bekuhloselwe ukuzivikela.
Umbhoshongo wenqaba wawungaxhunywanga nodonga olungaphandle, olwalunobukhulu obufinyelela kumamitha amabili nobude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-7. Kuyo yonke imibhoshongo yodonga olungaphandle lweVyborg castle, imibhoshongo eyiRound neTown Hall kuphela esasindile kuze kube yilolu suku. Iningi lodonga ludilikile ngesikhathi sokuvinjezelwa okuningi, ukudonswa kwezibhamu nezimpi. Ngasemkhawulweni ongaphandle wenqaba yangaphambili, ingxenye yezakhiwo zokuhlala lapho ibutho lamasosha lalikhona yayisindile.
Imyuziyemu "Inqaba yaseVyborg"
Lapho zivakashele le nqaba, izivakashi zinesithakazelo esikhethekile endaweni yokubuka, esesitezi esiphezulu sombhoshongo iSt Olaf. Noma ngubani ofuna ukukhuphuka izitebhisi eziwumqansa ukhuphuka izitebhisi ezingama-239, enethuba lokuthinta ngezandla zakhe umlando uqobo - amatshe akhumbula ukuvinjezelwa okuningi, isibindi samasosha, ukunqotshwa okunzima nokunqoba okukhazimulayo.
Kusukela kumafasitela aphansi, ungabona umbono ozungezile: izakhiwo zezinqaba, izakhiwo zedolobha. Ukukhuphuka akulula, kepha iphanorama emangalisa kangako ivuleka kusuka emphemeni wokubuka ukuthi bonke ubunzima bukhohliwe. Amanzi eGulf of Finland, ibhuloho elihle, uphahla olunemibala ehlukahlukene yezindlu zedolobha, izindlu zekhathedrali ziyacelwa ukuba zithwetshulwe. Ukubukwa okujwayelekile kwedolobha kuvusa ukuqhathaniswa nemigwaqo iTallinn neRiga. Imihlahlandlela yeluleka ukubheka ebangeni ukubona iFinland, kepha empeleni, ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-30 ngeke likuvumele lokhu. Ukuze kulondolozwe inani lawo lomlando, umbhoshongo nendawo yokubuka ivaliwe ukwakhiwa kabusha kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2017.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke iMir Castle.
Izichasiselo zivuselelwa njalo emnyuziyamu: ezithandwayo esezivele ziyanda, ezintsha ziyavulwa. Imibukiso ehlala njalo ibandakanya:
- ukuvezwa mayelana nemboni kanye nezolimo esifundeni;
- isibonisi esizinikezele ebuhleni bemvelo ye-Karelian Isthmus;
- isichasiso esitshela ngempilo yedolobha ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba
Ukutheleka okukhulu kakhulu kwabavakashi okuya eVyborg kuyabonakala ezinsukwini zemikhosi yomlando. IVyborg Castle ibamba imiqhudelwano yama-knightly, amakilasi okufundela ngokufundisa uhlobo oluthile lobuciko, ngokwesibonelo, umcibisholo, noma imidanso yangezikhathi zasendulo. Emiqhudelwaneni eminingi, izimpi zangempela zakhiwa kabusha, lapho zombili izinyawo nezinqola zamahhashi zibamba khona iqhaza.
Abaculi bangeNkathi Ephakathi badlala endaweni yenqaba, kubanjwa imibukiso yomlilo, namaqhawe agqokile amema ababukeli emidansweni, ababandakanye emidlalweni. Izivakashi ezisencane zilindele ukuzijabulisa okuhlukile, okuthi ngendlela edlalayo futhi zijwayelane nomlando walesi sifunda. Idolobha liphila ngesikhathi semikhosi, imibukiso kanye neziqhumane zakusihlwa ezenziwa kuwo. Kepha nasezinsukwini ezejwayelekile emnyuziyamu, noma ngubani ofisayo uvunyelwe ukuguqula abe yi-knight yangenkathi ephakathi, squire. Amantombazane azama isandla sokuhlobisa izinto zakudala, nabafana - ekwalukeni imeyili yeposi. Futhi, isigodlo seVyborg sisingatha imincintiswano yezemidlalo, imikhosi yamafilimu, amakhonsathi e-rock nemikhosi ye-jazz, nemidlalo ye-opera.
Noma yimuphi umhlali waseVyborg uzokukhombisa umkhombandlela nekheli lenqaba: iCastle Island, 1. Ungafika esiqhingini ngeFortress Bridge kusuka ngo-9: 00 kuye ku-19: 00, ukungena mahhala futhi kumahhala. Kepha umnyuziyamu uvulwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, amahora okusebenza asebenza nsuku zonke, ngaphandle koMsombuluko, amahora okuvula aqala ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-18: 00. Intengo yamathikithi ayiphezulu - ama-ruble angama-80 kwabahola impesheni nabafundi, ama-ruble ayi-100 kubantu abadala, izingane zingena mahhala.
