USergius waseRadonezh (emhlabeni uBartholomew Kirillovich) - hieromonk weSonto LaseRussia, umsunguli wezindela eziningi, kubandakanya uZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra. Ukuvela kwesiko likamoya laseRussia kuhlotshaniswa negama lakhe. Ubhekwa njengomuntu ozincisha ama-Orthodox omkhulu kunabo bonke ezweni laseRussia.
Sikulethela ukunakwa nge-biography kaSergius Radonezh, ezokwethula amaqiniso athakazelisayo kakhulu empilweni yakhe.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaSergius waseRadonezh.
Biography Sergius Radonezh
Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kukaSergius waseRadonezh alukaziwa. Ezinye izazi-mlando zithambekele ekukholweni ukuthi wazalwa ngo-1314, abanye ngo-1319, kanti abanye bazalwa ngo-1322.
Konke esikwaziyo mayelana "nomdala ongcwele" kubhalwe ngumfundi wakhe, indela u-Epiphanius the Wise.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngokomlando, abazali bakaRadonezh kwakungu-boyar Kirill nomkakhe uMaria, ababehlala edolobhaneni laseVarnitsa budebuduze neRostov.
Abazali bakaSergiyu baba namanye amadodana amabili - uStephen noPeter.
Lapho i-hieromonk yesikhathi esizayo yayineminyaka engu-7 ubudala, waqala ukutadisha ukubhala, kepha isifundo sakhe sasingesihle neze. Ngasikhathi sinye, abafowabo, kunalokho, babethuthuka.
Umama nobaba babevame ukukhuza uSergius ngokwehluleka ukufunda lutho. Umfana akakwazanga ukwenza lutho, kepha waqhubeka nokuzikhandla ngenkani ukuthola imfundo.
USergius waseRadonezh wayesemthandazweni, lapho acela khona uSomandla ukuthi afunde ukufunda nokubhala nokuzuza ukuhlakanipha.
Uma uyikholelwa le nsumansumane, ngelinye ilanga le nsizwa yanikezwa umbono lapho yabona khona ikhehla elithile ligqoke ingubo emnyama. Umfokazi wathembisa uSergius ukuthi kusukela manje uzofunda hhayi kuphela ukubhala nokufunda, kepha futhi uzodlula abafowabo ngolwazi.
Ngenxa yalokho, konke kwenzeka, okungenani kusho inganekwane.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uRadonezhsky wafunda kalula noma yiziphi izincwadi, kuhlanganise nemiBhalo Engcwele. Minyaka yonke wayeya eba nesithakazelo esiqhubekayo ezimfundisweni zendabuko zesonto.
Osemusha wayehlala ethandaza, ezila ukudla, futhi elwela ukulunga. NgoLwesithathu nangoLwesihlanu, ubengadli, kanti ngezinye izinsuku ubedla isinkwa namanzi kuphela.
Esikhathini 1328-1330. umndeni kaRadonezhsky wabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu zezezimali. Lokhu kwaholela ekuthutheleni komndeni wonke endaweni yokuhlala eRadonezh, esemaphethelweni ombuso waseMoscow.
Lezi kwakungezona izikhathi ezilula ngeRussia, ngoba yayingaphansi kwejoka leGolden Horde. Abantu baseRussia babehlaselwa njalo futhi bephangwa, okwakwenza impilo yabo ibe lusizi.
Isigodlo
Lapho le nsizwa ineminyaka engu-12 ubudala, yayifuna ukuthanjiswa. Abazali bakhe abaphikisananga naye, kepha bamxwayisa ukuthi uzokwazi ukwenza izifungo zezindela kuphela lapho sebeshonile.
Akudingeki balinde isikhathi eside, ngoba kungekudala ubaba nomama kaSergiyu bashona.
Ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, uRadonezh waya eKhotkovo-Pokrovsky Monastery, lapho kwakukhona umfowabo uStefan. Lo wesilisa washonelwa futhi waxoshwa phambi kukaSergiyus.
Abazalwane balwela kanzima ukulunga nempilo yezindela kangangokuthi banquma ukuhlala ogwini oluthulile loMfula iKonchura, lapho kamuva basungula khona ugwadule.
Ehlathini elijulile, abakwaRadonezhskys bakha iseli nesonto elincane. Kodwa-ke, maduzane uStephen, engakwazi ukumelana nale ndlela yokuphila yokuzincisha, waya esigodlweni sezindela i-Epiphany.
Ngemuva kokuthi uRadonezhsky oneminyaka engu-23 athathe izintambo, waba nguyise uSergiyus. Waqhubeka nokuzihlalela ngepheshana ehlane.
Emva kwesikhathi, abantu abaningi bafunda ngobaba olungileyo. Izindela zamfinyelela kuye zivela emikhawulweni ehlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, isigodlo sasungulwa, esakhiweni lapho kwakhiwa khona uZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra.
Akekho uRadonezh, noma abalandeli bakhe abangazange bathathe imali kumakholwa, bakhetha ukuzimela ngokuzimela umhlaba futhi badle izithelo zawo.
Nsuku zonke umphakathi wakhula waba mkhulu, ngenxa yalokho leli hlane elake laba yizwe laphenduka indawo yokuhlala. Amahemuhemu ngoSergius waseRadonezh afinyelela eConstantinople.
Ngokomyalo kaPatriarch Philotheus, uSergio wanikezwa isiphambano, i-schema, i-paraman kanye nencwadi. Ubuye wancoma ubaba ongcwele ukuthi angenise esigodlweni sezindela - i-kinovia, esichaza impahla nokulingana kwezenhlalo, kanye nokulalela induna.
Le ndlela yokuphila ibe yisibonelo esihle sobudlelwano phakathi kwabakholwa nabo. Kamuva, uSergius waseRadonezh waqala ukwenza le ndlela "yokuphila okuvamile" kwezinye izindlu zezindela ezasungulwa nguye.
Abafundi bakaSergiyus waseRadonezh bakha cishe amasonto angama-40 endaweni yaseRussia. Ngokuyinhloko, zazakhiwe endaweni eqhelile, okwathi ngemuva kwazo kwavela izindawo zokuhlala ezincane nezinkulu ezungeze izindela.
Lokhu kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezindawo zokuhlala eziningi kanye nentuthuko yeNyakatho yeRussia kanye nesifunda seVolga.
Impi yaseKulikovo
Kuwo wonke umlando wakhe, uSergius waseRadonezh washumayela ukuthula nobunye, waphinde wafuna ukuhlanganiswa kwawo wonke amazwe aseRussia. Kamuva lokhu kwadala izimo ezinhle zokukhululeka ejokeni laseTatar-Mongol.
Ubaba ongcwele udlale indima ekhethekile ngosuku olwandulela iMpi edumile yaseKulikovo. Ubusise uDmitry Donskoy nalo lonke iqembu lakhe lezinkulungwane eziningi empini elwa nabahlaseli, ethi impi yaseRussia izoyinqoba nakanjani le mpi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi noDonskoy Radonezh naye wathumela izindela zakhe ezimbili, ngaleyo ndlela ephula izisekelo zesonto, ezazenqabela izindela ukuthi zithathe izikhali.
Njengokulindelekile kukaSergius, iMpi yaseKulikovo yaphela ngokunqoba kwebutho laseRussia, yize kwaba yizindleko ezinkulu.
Izimangaliso
Ku-Orthodoxy, uSergius waseRadonezh ubizwa ngezimangaliso eziningi. Ngokomunye wezinganekwane, lapho uMama kaNkulunkulu evele kuye, lapho kuvela khona ukukhanya okukhazimulayo.
Ngemuva kokuba umdala ekhothame kuye, wathi uzoqhubeka nokumsiza empilweni.
Lapho uRadonezhsky etshela abantu bakubo ngalesi sehlakalo, baduduzeka. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi abantu baseRussia kwakudingeka balwe namaTatar-Mongols, ababacindezela iminyaka eminingi.
Isiqephu esinoMama kaNkulunkulu singesinye sezithombe ezidume kakhulu emifanekisweni yesithonjana se-Orthodox
Ukufa
USergiy waseRadonezh waphila impilo ende futhi enemicimbi eminingi. Wayehlonishwa kakhulu ngabantu futhi enabalandeli abaningi.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, umonki wanikela ngomfundi wakhe uNikon, futhi yena waqala ukulungiselela ukuhamba kwakhe empilweni. Ngobusuku obandulela ukufa kwakhe, wakhuthaza abantu ukuba besabe uNkulunkulu futhi balwele ukulunga.
USergius waseRadonezh ushone ngoSepthemba 25, 1392.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umdala waphakanyiselwa ebusweni babangcwele, embiza ngomenzi wezimangaliso. I-Trinity Cathedral yakhiwa phezu kwethuna likaRadonezh, lapho kukhona khona izinsalela zakhe namuhla.
