UMartin Heidegger

UMartin Heidegger (1889-1976) - Isazi saseJalimane, esinye sezazi zefilosofi ezinkulu kakhulu zekhulu lama-20. Ungomunye wabamele ovelele wobukhona beJalimane.

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaHeidegger, esizoxoxa ngawo kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaMartin Heidegger.

Umlando we-Heidegger

UMartin Heidegger wazalwa ngoSepthemba 26, 1889 edolobheni laseJalimane iMesskirche. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wamaKatolika onemali encane. Uyise wayengumfundisi ophansi esontweni, kanti umama wakhe wayengumlimi.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Ngobuntwana bakhe, uMartin wafunda ezikhungweni zokuvivinya umzimba. Ngesikhathi esemncane, wayekhonza esontweni. Ebusheni bakhe, wahlala esikhungweni sokufundela ubufundisi eFreiburg, ehlose ukwenza izifungo zezindela futhi ajoyine umyalo wamaJesuit.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinkinga zenhliziyo, uHeidegger kwadingeka ashiye isigodlo sezindela. Lapho eneminyaka engu-20, waba ngumfundi we-theological faculty e-University of Freiburg. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, unquma ukudlulisela e-Faculty of Philosophy.

Ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, uMartin ukwazile ukuvikela izingcaphuno ezi-2 ngezihloko ezithi "Imfundiso yokwahlulela kwezengqondo" kanye "Nemfundiso kaDuns Scott ngezigaba nencazelo." Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa yempilo ebuthaka akazange asebenze ebusosheni.

Ngo-1915 uHeidegger wasebenza njengomsizi kaprofesa e-University of Freiburg emnyangweni wezenkolo. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wafundisa. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesephelelwe yintshisekelo emibonweni yobuKatolika nefilosofi yobuKristu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1920, waqhubeka nokusebenza eNyuvesi yaseMarburg.

Ifilosofi

Imibono yefilosofi kaMartin Heidegger yaqala ukwakheka ngaphansi kwethonya lemibono ka-Edmund Husserl. Udumo lokuqala lweza kuye ngo-1927, ngemuva kokushicilelwa kombhalo wokuqala wezifundo "Ukuba nesikhathi".

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi namuhla yi "Being and Time" ethathwa njengomsebenzi omkhulu kaHeidegger. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ncwadi manje seyaziwa njengomunye wemisebenzi evelele kakhulu yekhulu lama-20 kufilosofi yezwekazi. Kuyo, umbhali uzindle ngomqondo wokuba.

Igama eliyisisekelo kufilosofi kaMartin lithi "Dasein", elichaza ubukhona bomuntu emhlabeni. Kungabukwa kuphela ebunzimeni bokuhlangenwe nakho, kepha hhayi ukuqonda. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i- "Dasein" ayinakuchazwa ngendlela enengqondo.

Njengoba kugcinwa ngolimi, indlela yendawo yonke yokuyiqonda iyadingeka. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni uHeidegger athuthukise inkambo ye-ontological hermeneutics, evumela umuntu ukuthi abone ukuthi unembile, futhi aveze nokuqukethwe kwayo okungaqondakali, ngaphandle kokuhlaziya nokuhlaziya.

UMartin Heidegger wazindla nge-metaphysics, ngezindlela eziningi eqondiswa ifilosofi kaNietzsche. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waze wabhala incwadi emhlonipha, uNietzsche kanye ne-Emptiness. Eminyakeni elandelayo yomlando wakhe, uqhubeke nokushicilela imisebenzi emisha, kufaka phakathi iDisachment, Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, neThe Question of Technique.

Kule misebenzi neminye, uHeidegger uchaze kabanzi ukucabanga kwakhe ngenkinga ethile yefilosofi. Lapho amaNazi eqala ukubusa ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, wayemukela imibono yabo. Ngenxa yalokhu, entwasahlobo ka-1933, indoda ethile yajoyina isigaba se-NSDAP.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uMartin wayekuleli qembu kuze kube sekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945). Ngenxa yalokho, waba ngumuntu olwa namaSemite, njengoba kufakazelwa amarekhodi akhe.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi usosayensi wenqaba ukwesekwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo kubafundi abangamaJuda, futhi futhi akazange avele emngcwabeni womeluleki wakhe uHusserl, owayengumJuda ngobuzwe. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, wasuswa ekufundiseni kwaze kwaba ngo-1951.

Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwakhe njengoprofesa, uHeidegger wabhala eminye imisebenzi eminingi, kufaka phakathi i- "Forest ways", "Identity nomehluko", "Towards language", "What is thinking?" okunye.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Lapho eneminyaka engu-27, uMartin washada nomfundi wakhe u-Elfriede Petrie, owayengumLuthela. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana waba nendodana, uJörg. Ababhali bezindaba zikaHeidegger bathi wayethandana nentombi yomkakhe, u-Elizabeth Blochmann, kanye nomfundi wakhe uHannah Arendt.