USimon Vasilievich Petlyura (1879-1926) - Umholi wezempi nowezombusazwe wase-Ukraine, oyinhloko ye-Directory yeRiphabhuliki Yabantu base-Ukraine esikhathini sango-1919-1920. Umphathi omkhulu webutho nowasolwandle.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaSimon Petlyura, esizoxoxa ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaPetliura.
Umlando kaSimon Petlyura
USimon Petlyura wazalwa ngoMeyi 10 (22), 1879 ePoltava. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini omkhulu futhi ompofu we-cabman. Ngesikhathi esemusha, wanquma ukuba ngumfundisi.
Mayelana nalokhu, uSimon wangena esikoleni sobufundisi, lapho axoshwa khona ngonyaka odlule ngenxa yokuthanda kwakhe ezepolitiki. Lapho eneminyaka engu-21, waba yilungu leqembu lase-Ukraine (RUP), ehlala engumsekeli wemibono yobuzwe yobunxele.
Ngokushesha uPetlyura waqala ukusebenza njengentatheli ye-Literary-Scientific Bulletin. Lo magazini, umhleli wawo omkhulu kwakunguMikhail Hrushevsky, wakhishwa eLvov.
Umsebenzi wokuqala kaSimon Petliura wanikezelwa esimweni semfundo yomphakathi ePoltava. Eminyakeni eyalandela yomlando wakhe, wasebenza ezincwadini ezinjenge "Word", "Peasant" kanye "Good News".
Ipolitiki nempi
Ngo-1908, uPetliura wazinza eMoscow, lapho aqhubeka khona nokuzifundisa. Lapha waziphilisa ngokubhala izindatshana zomlando nezepolitiki.
Ngenxa ye-erudition yakhe kanye ne-erudition yakhe, uSimon wamukelwa embuthanweni wabafundi abancane baseRussia. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ke waba nenhlanhla yokuhlangana noGrushevsky.
Ukufunda izincwadi nokuxhumana nabantu abafundile, uPetliura waba ngumuntu ofunda ngokwengeziwe, yize kwakungekho imfundo ephakeme. I-Grushevsky efanayo yamsiza ukuba athathe izinyathelo zokuqala kwezombusazwe.
Le nsizwa yathola iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918) esikhundleni sephini eligunyaziwe lommeleli we-All-Russian Union yeZemstvos and Cities. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography, wayebandakanyeka ekunikezelweni kwamasosha aseRussia.
Kulesi sikhundla, uSimon Petliura wayevame ukuxhumana namasosha, ekwazile ukuzuza inhlonipho negunya labo. Lokhu kwamvumela ukuthi aqhube ngempumelelo imikhankaso yezepolitiki ezinhlwini zase-Ukraine.
UPetliura wahlangana no-Okthoba Revolution eBelarus, eWestern Front. Ngenxa yamakhono akhe okubhala nokukhathalela, wakwazi ukuhlela imikhandlu yamasosha yase-Ukraine - kusuka emibusweni kuya phambili lonke. Ngokushesha, abangane bakhe bamkhuphula ebuholini benhlangano yase-Ukraine ebuthweni lezempi.
Ngenxa yalokho, uSimon wavela waba ngomunye wabantu ababalulekile kwezepolitiki zase-Ukraine. Ukuba ngunobhala wezindaba zezempi zikahulumeni wokuqala wase-Ukraine, oholwa nguVolodymyr Vynnychenko, waqala ukuguqula impi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uPetliura wayevame ukukhuluma emihlanganweni yeqembu, lapho ayekhuthaza khona imibono yakhe. Ngokuyinhloko, wethule izinkulumo mayelana "Ekufezekisweni kwezempi kwezempi" nangokuthi "Ezindabeni zemfundo." Kuzo, unxuse izihambeli ukuthi zisekele lolu hlelo maqondana nokushintshwa kokuqeqeshwa kwamasosha ase-Ukraine ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uSimon wakhuthaza umqondo wokuhumusha yonke imithetho yezempi ngesi-Ukraine, kanye nokwenza izinguquko ezikhungweni zemfundo yempi ezisendaweni yase-Ukraine. Mayelana nalokhu, unabalandeli abaningi bobuzwe.
NgoDisemba 1918, amasosha akhiwa nguPetliura alawula iKiev. Maphakathi noDisemba, wathatha amandla, kepha ukubusa kwakhe kwaphela inyanga nohhafu kuphela. Ngobusuku bangoFebhuwari 2, 1919, le ndoda yabaleka ezweni.
Lapho amandla esesandleni sikaSimon, wayengenalo ulwazi lokuthi angawalahla kanjani. Ubhekele ukwesekwa okuvela eFrance naseGreat Britain, kepha ke la mazwe abengenaso isikhathi se-Ukraine. Babenentshisekelo yokwabiwa kwezindawo ngemuva kokuphela kwempi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uPetliura wayengenalo uhlelo olucacile lokuqhubeka kwalesi simo. Ekuqaleni, wakhipha isimemezelo sokwenza imali yamabhange ezentengiselwano, kepha wakukhansela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokubusa kwakhe, wathulula umgcinimafa, enethemba lokuxhaswa ngokwezimali nangokwamasosha aseYurophu.
Ngo-Ephreli 21, 1920, egameni le-UPR, uSimon wasayina isivumelwano nePoland sokumelana ngokuhlanganyela nebutho laseSoviet. Ngokwesivumelwano, i-UPR yazibophezela ekunikezeni abasePoland iGalicia noVolyn, nokuyinto eyayingeyinhle neze ezweni.
Khonamanjalo, ama-anarchist ayesondela eKiev, kuyilapho amasosha amaBolshevik ayesondela empumalanga. Ngaphansi kokwesaba ubushiqela, uSimon Petlyura owayedidekile wanquma ukubaleka eKiev futhi alinde kuze kube yilapho konke sekulungile.
Entwasahlobo ka-1921, ngemuva kokusayinwa kweSivumelwano Sokuthula iRiga, uPetliura wathuthela ePoland. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, iRussia yafuna ukuthi abasePoland babuye nezwe labo lase-Ukraine. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi uSimon kwadingeka abalekele eHungary, bese e-Austria naseSwitzerland. Ngo-1924 wathuthela eFrance.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho uPetlyura eneminyaka engama-29 ubudala, wahlangana no-Olga Belskaya, owayenemibono efanayo neyakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abasha baqala ukuxhumana njalo, bese behlala ndawonye. Ngo-1915, abathandi ngokusemthethweni baba yindoda nomfazi.
Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunendodakazi yabo kuphela, uLeya. Ngokuzayo, uLeya uzoba imbongi, abulawe yisifo sofuba eneminyaka engama-30. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngo-1937, ngesikhathi "sokuhlanzwa" kweSoviet, kudutshulwa odadewabo 2 bakaPetliura, uMarina noFeodosia.
Ukubulawa kukaPetliura
USimon Petliura ushone ngoMeyi 25, 1926 eParis eneminyaka engama-47. Ubulawe ngumuntu owayenenkani okuthiwa nguSamuel Schwarzburd, owamdubula ngezinhlamvu eziyi-7 emnyango wesitolo sezincwadi.
Ngokusho kukaSchwarzburd, wabulala uPetliura ngesisekelo sokuziphindisela esihambisana nokuqothulwa kwamaJuda ngo-1918-1920 okwakuhlelwe nguye. NgokweKhomishini yeRed Cross, cishe amaJuda angama-50 000 abulawa ezigamekweni zokubulawa kwabantu.
Isazi-mlando sase-Ukraine uDmytro Tabachnyk uthe kuze kufike kumibhalo engama-500 egcinwe ezinqolobaneni zaseJalimane, okufakazela ukubandakanyeka kukaSimon Petliura ezigamekweni zokubulawa kwabantu. Isazi-mlando uCherikover sinombono ofanayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ijaji laseFrance lamkhulula umbulali kaPetliura futhi lamkhulula.
Isithombe nguSimon Petlyura
