UMaximilian Karl Emil Weber, waziwa ngo UMax Weber (1864-1920) - Isazi sezenhlalo saseJalimane, isazi sefilosofi, isazi-mlando kanye nomnotho wezepolitiki. Waba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi yezenhlalo, ikakhulukazi ezenhlalo. Kanye no-Emile Durkheim noKarl Marx, u-Weber uthathwa njengomunye wabasunguli besayensi yezenhlalo.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaMax Weber, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane ka-Weber.
I-Biography kaMax Weber
UMax Weber wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 21, 1864 edolobheni laseJalimane i-Erfurt. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini kasopolitiki onethonya uMax Weber Sr. kanye nonkosikazi wakhe, u-Helena Fallenstein. Wayengowokuqala ezinganeni ze-7 kubazali bakhe.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ososayensi abaningi, osopolitiki kanye nezibalo zamasiko babevame ukuhlangana endlini ka-Weber. Isihloko sengxoxo bekukhulunywa ngaso kakhulu isimo sezepolitiki ezweni nasemhlabeni.
UMax wayevame ukuya emihlanganweni enjalo, ngenxa yalokho waba nesithakazelo kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho. Lapho eneminyaka engaba ngu-13 ubudala, wethula izingqikithi zomlando ezi-2 kubazali bakhe.
Kodwa-ke, wayengathandi amakilasi nothisha, ngoba babemkhathaza.
Khonamanjalo, uMax Weber Jr. wafunda ngasese yonke imiqulu engama-40 yemisebenzi kaGoethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayejwayelene nomsebenzi wamanye ama-Classics amaningi. Kamuva, ubudlelwano bakhe nabazali bakhe baba nobunzima kakhulu.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-18, u-Weber waphasa ngempumelelo izivivinyo ze-Faculty of Law yase-University of Heidelberg.
Ngonyaka olandelayo wadluliselwa eNyuvesi yaseBerlin. Bese kuthi, yena nabangane bakhe, wayevame ukuchitha isikhathi nengilazi kabhiya, futhi azijwayeze nokubiya.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uMax wathola amamaki aphezulu kuyo yonke imikhakha, futhi vele eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda wayesebenza njengomsizi wommeli. Ngo-1886, u-Weber waqala ukuzibandakanya ngokuzimela ekumeleleni.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, uWeber wathola iziqu zakhe zeDoctor of Laws, evikela ngempumelelo ithisisi yakhe. Uqale ukufundisa eNyuvesi yaseBerlin futhi weluleka namakhasimende ngezindaba zomthetho.
Isayensi nezenhlalo
Ngaphezu komthetho, uMax Weber wayebuye abe nentshisekelo kwezenhlalo, okungukuthi, inqubomgomo yezenhlalo. Wangena shi kwezepolitiki, wajoyina iqembu elingakwesobunxele.
Ngo-1884, le nsizwa yazinza eFreiburg, lapho yaqala khona ukufundisa ezomnotho esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme. Ngokushesha wakwazi ukuqoqa izifundiswa ezihamba phambili eziseduze kwakhe, wasungula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umbuthano we-Weber". UMax wafundela ezomnotho kanye nomlando we-jurisprudence ngaphansi kwesisekelo semibono yezenhlalo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, u-Weber waqamba leli gama - ukuqonda isociology, lapho kugcizelelwa khona ukuqonda izinhloso kanye nencazelo yesenzo senhlalo. Kamuva, ukuqonda kwengqondo kwaba yisisekelo sokwakheka kwabantu, i-ethnomethodology, i-sociology yokuqonda, njll.
Ngo-1897, uMax waxabana noyise, owashona ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, engakaze enze ukuthula nendodana yakhe. Ukufa komzali kuthinte kabi i-psyche yososayensi. Wacindezeleka, akakwazanga ukulala ebusuku, futhi wayehlala ekhukhuleka njalo.
Ngenxa yalokho, u-Weber wayeka ukufundisa futhi welashwa esibhedlela esasizobhedlela izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho wachitha cishe iminyaka emibili e-Italy, lapho afika khona ekuqaleni kuka-1902.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uMax Weber waba ngcono futhi wakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini futhi. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokufundisa eyunivesithi, wanquma ukuthatha isikhundla sokuba umsizi womhleli encwadini yesayensi. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu, i-The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905), wakhishwa kulo magazini ofanayo.
Kulo msebenzi, umbhali ukhulume ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwesiko nenkolo, kanye nomthelela wabo ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lwezomnotho. Eminyakeni eyalandela yomlando wakhe, u-Weber wafunda izinhlangano zenkolo zase China, India kanye nobuJuda basendulo, ezama ukuthola kuzo izizathu zezinqubo ezazinquma umehluko phakathi kwesakhiwo sezomnotho saseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga.
Kamuva, uMax wasungula eyakhe i- "German Sociological Association", waba ngumholi wayo futhi wagqugquzela nemibono. Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu washiya inhlangano, washintsha ukunakwa kwakhe ekusungulweni kombuso. Lokhu kuholele emizameni yokuhlanganisa abenkululeko kanye nentando yeningi yenhlalo, kepha iphrojekthi ayizange isetshenziswe.
Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918), u-Weber waya phambili. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wayebandakanyeka ekuhlelweni kwezibhedlela zamasosha. Eminyakeni edlule, ubuyekeze imibono yakhe ngokwandiswa kweJalimane. Manje waqala ukugxeka kanzima inkambo yezepolitiki yeKaiser.
UMax ucele intando yeningi eJalimane, esikhundleni sehhovisi elichumayo. Ngalokhu, wabamba iqhaza okhethweni lwephalamende, kepha akakwazanga ukuthola ukwesekwa okudingekayo kwabavoti.
Ngo-1919, le ndoda yadunyazwa ezepolitiki futhi yanquma ukuphinde ifundise. Eminyakeni eyalandela, washicilela imisebenzi ethi "Isayensi njengomsebenzi wobungcweti nobungcweti" kanye "Nezombusazwe njengobizo nobungcweti." Emsebenzini wakhe wokugcina, wabheka umbuso ngokomongo wesikhungo esasizibophezela ekusetshenzisweni kobudlova ngokusemthethweni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akuyona yonke imibono kaMax Weber eyamukelwe kahle ngumphakathi. Imibono yakhe ngomqondo othile ibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni komlando wezomnotho, ithiyori kanye nendlela yezomnotho.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho usosayensi eneminyaka engaba ngu-29 ubudala, washada nesihlobo esikude esibizwa ngokuthi uMarianne Schnitger. Okhethiweyo wabelana ngentshisekelo yesayensi yomyeni wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena uqobo wacwaninga ngokujulile isociology futhi wayebandakanyeka ekuvikeleni amalungelo abesifazane.
Abanye ababhali bezindaba zikaWeber bathi kwakungakaze kube nokusondelana phakathi kwalaba abashadayo. Ubudlelwano bukaMax noMarianne kuthiwa babakhelwe kuphela enhloniphweni nasezintweni ezivamile. Izingane ezikule nyunyana azange zizalwe.
Ukufa
UMax Weber ushone ngoJuni 14, 1920 eneminyaka engama-56. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba ubhadane lomkhuhlane waseSpain, olwabangela inkinga ngendlela yomoya.
Isithombe nguMax Weber
