Uhlelo lukaMarshall (olubizwa ngokusemthethweni "Uhlelo Lokuvuselelwa KweYurophu") - uhlelo lokusiza iYurophu ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945). Kwahlongozwa ngo-1947 nguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle wase-United States uGeorge C. Marshall futhi waqala ukusebenza ngo-Ephreli 1948. Amazwe ayi-17 aseYurophu abamba iqhaza ekuqalisweni kwalolu hlelo.
Kule ndatshana, sizobheka izici eziyinhloko zohlelo lweMarshall.
Umlando wohlelo lweMarshall
Uhlelo lweMarshall lwenzelwe ukusungula ukuthula kwangemva kwempi eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Uhulumeni waseMelika wayenentshisekelo kuhlelo olwethulwe ngezizathu eziningi.
Ikakhulu, i-United States isimemezele ngokusemthethweni isifiso sayo nosizo ekubuyiseni umnotho wase-Europe ngemuva kwempi ebhubhisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-United States yafuna ukususa imigoqo yezohwebo nokuqeda ubukhomanisi ezinhlakeni zamandla.
Ngaleso sikhathi, inhloko yeWhite House kwakunguHarry Truman, owayephathise uGeneral George Marshall osethathe umhlalaphansi isikhundla sokuba ngunobhala wezwe ekuphathweni kukaMongameli.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uTruman wayenentshisekelo ekukhuleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ngakho-ke wayedinga umuntu ozothuthukisa izintshisekelo zombuso emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, uMarshall wayeyifanele kahle le njongo, enamakhono aphezulu okuqonda kanye nomuzwa.
Uhlelo lokutakula lwaseYurophu
Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, amazwe amaningi ase-Europe abesesimeni esibi somnotho. Abantu babengenakho okubalulekile okungenalutho futhi babhekana ne-hyperinflation enzima.
Intuthuko yezomnotho yayihamba kancane kakhulu, kanti okwamanje, emazweni amaningi, ubukhomanisi base buba yinto ethandwa kakhulu.
Ubuholi baseMelika babukhathazekile ngokusatshalaliswa kwemibono yamakhomanisi, bebona lokhu njengosongo oluqondile kwezokuphepha kwezwe.
Ehlobo lika-1947, abamele izifundazwe eziyi-17 zaseYurophu bahlangana eFrance bezocubungula uHlelo lukaMarshall. Ngokusemthethweni, uhlelo bekuhloswe ngalo ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ngokushesha umnotho kanye nokususwa kwezithiyo zokuhweba. Ngenxa yalokho, le phrojekthi yaqala ukusebenza ngo-Ephreli 4, 1948.
Ngokwecebo likaMarshall, i-United States yathembisa ukuthi izonikela ngemali engafakwa eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 12.3, izimalimboleko ezishibhile nokuqashiswa kwesikhathi eside eminyakeni emine. Ngokunikeza imali mboleko enjalo, iMelika yalandela izinhloso zobugovu.
Iqiniso ukuthi ngemuva kwempi, i-United States kwakuwukuphela kombuso omkhulu umnotho wawo owahlala usezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, idola laseMelika selibe yimali eyinhloko ebekiwe emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, yize kunezici ezithile ezinhle, iMelika ibidinga imakethe yokuthengisa, ngakho-ke ibidinga ukuthi iYurophu ibe sesimeni esizinzile.
Ngakho-ke, ekubuyiseleni iYurophu, abaseMelika batshale imali ekuqhubekeni kwabo phambili. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngokwemibandela ebekiwe kuhlelo lweMarshall, zonke izimali ezabiwe zingasetshenziselwa ukuthenga imikhiqizo yezimboni nezolimo kuphela.
Kodwa-ke, i-United States yayingakhathaleli nje kuphela ezomnotho, kodwa nezinzuzo zezepolitiki. Ebona ukunengeka okuthile kobukhomanisi, abaseMelika baqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amazwe abamba iqhaza kuhlelo lweMarshall Plan axosha amakhomanisi kohulumeni bawo.
Ngokukhipha amabutho asekela ubuKhomanisi, iMelika empeleni yaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesimo sezepolitiki ezifundazweni eziningi. Ngakho-ke, inkokhelo yokubuyiselwa kwezomnotho emazweni athola imalimboleko kwaba ukulahleka okuncane kwenkululeko yezepolitiki nezomnotho.
