UGiuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) - Umholi wezempi wase-Italy, uguquko, usopolitiki kanye nomlobi. Iqhawe Likazwelonke lase-Italy.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaGaribaldi, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaGiuseppe Garibaldi.
I-Biography kaGaribaldi
UGiuseppe Garibaldi wazalwa ngoJulayi 4, 1807 edolobheni laseFrance iNice. Wakhulela emndenini kaputeni womkhumbi omncane uDomenico Garibaldi nomkakhe uMaria Rosa Nicoletta Raimondi, owayengumKatolika ozinikele.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngiseyingane, uGiuseppe wafunda ukufunda nokubhala nabefundisi aba-2, njengoba umama wakhe ayephupha ukuthi ngokuzayo indodana yakhe izoba ngumfundi esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi. Kodwa-ke, ingane yayingenaso isifiso sokuxhumanisa impilo yayo nenkolo.
Esikhundleni salokho, uGaribaldi waphupha ngokuba ngumhambi. Ngesikhathi eya esikoleni, wayengazithokozisi izifundo zakhe. Futhi-ke, njengoba ayengumntwana othanda ukwazi, wayeyithanda imisebenzi yababhali abahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi uDante, Petrarch, Machiavelli, Walter Scott, Byron, Homer namanye ama-classics.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uGiuseppe wakhombisa intshisekelo enkulu emlandweni wezempi. Wayekuthanda ukufunda ngojenene abadumile nempumelelo yabo. Wayekhuluma isiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi, isiNgisi neSpanishi. Ubuye wazama ukuqamba izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala.
Ngesikhathi esemusha, uGaribaldi wakhonza njengomfana omncane emikhunjini yabathengisi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wakhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba ukaputeni wasolwandle lomthengisi. Umfana waluthanda ulwandle futhi akazange azisole ukuthi wayexhumanise impilo yakhe nezinto zasolwandle.
Umsebenzi wezempi nezepolitiki
Ngo-1833 uGiuseppe wajoyina umphakathi wase-Young Italy. Unxuse abantu ukuthi bavukele eGenoa, okucasule uhulumeni. Kwakudingeka ashiye izwe futhi afihle ngaphansi kwegama elalibizwa eTunisia naseMarseille.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, uGaribaldi wangena emkhunjini waya eBrazil. Ngesikhathi sokulwa kwempi eRepublic of Rio Grande, wagibela kaningi imikhumbi yempi. Ukaputeni wayala i-flotilla kaMongameli Bento Gonsalvis futhi wathola ukuthandwa okukhulu ngobukhulu beNingizimu Melika.
Ngo-1842, uGiuseppe, kanye nabantu ababenomqondo ofanayo, baba ibutho lezempi lase-Uruguay, ababambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuvikeleni umbuso. Ngemuva kwezinguquko zikaPapa Pius IX, umphathi wamasosha wanquma ukuya eRoma ngomkhumbi, ekholelwa ukuthi i-Italy idinga ukusekelwa nguye.
Esikhathini 1848-1849. Inguquko yase-Italy yadlanga, kwalandela iMpi yase-Austro-Italy. UGaribaldi waqoqa masinyane iqembu labashisekeli bezwe ayehlose ukumasha nabo base-Austrian.
Izenzo zabefundisi bamaKatolika zaphoqa uGiuseppe ukuba aphinde acabangele imibono yakhe yezombangazwe. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi wahlela ukuvukela umbuso eRoma, ememezela uhlelo lwe-republican. Ngokushesha waba yiqhawe lesizwe lamaNtaliyane.
Ekugcineni, maphakathi no-1848, uPapa wathatha amandla ezandleni zakhe, ngenxa yalokho uGaribaldi kwadingeka abalekele eNyakatho. Kodwa-ke, umvukeli akazange awushiye umbono wokuqhubeka nokuphikisana.
Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, kwagqashuka impi yokuhlanganiswa kwe-Italy, lapho uGiuseppe alwa khona nesikhundla sikajenene omkhulu emasosheni eziqhingi zaseSardinian. Amakhulu abahlaseli abulawa ngaphansi kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokhu, uMilan noLombardy baba yingxenye yoMbuso waseSardinia, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uGaribaldi wakhethwa ephalamende.
Ngo-1860, emhlanganweni wephalamende, indoda ethile yenqaba isikhundla sokuba yiphini nesikhundla sikajenene, ichaza ukuthi uCavour wayemenze umfokazi waseRoma. Ngokushesha waba umashiqela waseSicily, owawungafuni ukuba yingxenye yezwe.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokulimala empini e-Aspromot, udokotela ohlinzayo waseRussia uNikolai Pirogov wasindisa impilo kaGiuseppe. Amasosha kaGaribaldi azama kaningi ukungena eRoma, kepha yonke le mizamo ayiphumelelanga.
Ekugcineni, ujenene waboshwa wadingiselwa esiqhingini saseCaprera. Ngesikhathi sokudingiswa kwakhe, wabhalela labo ayebambisene nabo izincwadi, futhi wabhala nezincwadi eziningana ngendikimba yempi yenkululeko. Okuthandwa kakhulu kwakuyinoveli ethi Clelia, noma uHulumeni WabaPristi.
Ngesikhathi sokulwa kwamasosha phakathi kombuso waseJalimane neFrance, uGiuseppe wakhululwa waya endle, ngemuva kwalokho wajoyina ibutho lebutho likaNapoleon III. Abantu besikhathi sabo bathi uGaribaldi walwa ngesibindi namaJalimane, okwaziwa yizikhulu eziphezulu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi hhayi kuphela abantu bakithi, kepha nabaphikisi bakhulume ngenhlonipho ngoGiuseppe. Emhlanganweni wesigungu sikazwelonke, umbhali waseFrance uVictor Hugo uthe okulandelayo: "... kubo bonke ogeneral abalwa ohlangothini lweFrance, nguyena kuphela ongazange anqotshwe."
Garibaldi wesula esikhundleni sokuba yiphini, kanye ne-oda lokuhola ibutho. Kamuva, waphinde wanikezwa iphini likasihlalo, kodwa umphathi waphinde wenqaba lokhu kunikezwa. Ikakhulu, uthe uzobukeka "njengesitshalo esingajwayelekile" ephalamende.
Lapho uGiuseppe enikezwa impesheni eningi, naye wayenqaba, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi washintsha umqondo wakhe, njengoba ayebhekene nobunzima obukhulu bezezimali. Ngasikhathi sinye, wanikela ngezizumbulu zemali kusizo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala wamavukelambuso kwakungu-Anna Maria di Jesús Ribeira, ahlangana naye eBrazil. Kulo mshado, amantombazane amabili azalwa - uTeresa noRosa, nabafana ababili - uMenotti noRiccioti. U-Anna naye wabamba iqhaza ezimpini ezazilwa neRoma, kamuva wabulawa umalaleveva.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uGaribaldi washada noGiuseppina Raimondi, kepha le nyunyana ayisebenzi ngokomthetho eminyakeni eyi-19 kamuva. Elahlile umkakhe, waya kuFrancesca Armosino, wamukela umfana namantombazane azalwa ngaphambi komshado.
UGiuseppe wayenendodakazi engekho emthethweni, u-Anna Maria, nguBattistina Ravello. Ushone eneminyaka engu-16 ebulawa yi-advanced meningitis. Ababhali bezindaba zikaGaribaldi bathi wayethandana nezikhulu eziphezulu uPaolina Pepoli no-Emma Roberts, kanye no-Jesse White wezinguquko.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umbhali u-Ellis Melena wayevame ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezezimali kumlawuli wamabutho, njengoba kufakazelwa yizikhumbuzo ezisindile. Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi uGiuseppe wayeyilungu lesikhungo sokulala samaMasonic, lapho ayengumphathi we "Great East of Italy".
Ukufa
Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, uGaribaldi ogula kakhulu wenza uhambo lokunqoba eSicily, oluphinde lwafakazela ukuthandwa kwakhe okuhle phakathi kwamaNtaliyane ajwayelekile.
UGiuseppe Garibaldi ushone ngoJuni 2, 1882 eneminyaka engama-74. Umfelokazi wakhe nezingane zakhe ezincane banikezwa isibonelelo saminyaka yonke sama-lire ayi-10 000 nguhulumeni.
Izithombe zeGaribaldi
