U-Alphonse Gabriel «Omkhulu Al» UCapone (1899-1947) - Iqembu lezigelekeqe laseMelika lozalo lwase-Italiya, elisebenza ngeminyaka yo-1920s-1930s eduze kwaseChicago. Ngaphansi kokucasha kwebhizinisi lefenisha, wayebandakanyeka ekuthengiseni amabhugi, ukugembula nokushaya.
Wanaka abampofu, wavula inethiwekhi yamakhekhe wamahhala wabantu bakithi abangasebenzi. Ummeleli ovelele wobugebengu obuhleliwe e-United States ngenkathi ye-Prohibition kanye ne-Great Depression, eyaqala futhi ekhona lapho ngaphansi kwethonya le-mafia yase-Italy.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Al Capone, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane ka-Alphonse Gabriel Capone.
Umlando ka-Al Capone
U-Al Capone wazalwa ngoJanuwari 17, 1899 eNew York. Wakhulela emndenini wabokufika abavela e-Italiya abafika eMelika ngonyaka we-1894. Ubaba wakhe, uGabriele Capone, wayengumgcini wezinwele kanti umama wakhe, uTeresa Raiola, wayesebenza njengomthungi wezingubo.
U-Alfonse wayenengane yesine kwezingu-9 nabazali bakhe. Noma eseyingane, waqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zengqondo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-psychopath. Esikoleni, wayevame ukuhilizisana nabantu afunda nabo kanye nothisha.
Ngesikhathi uCapone eneminyaka engaba ngu-14 ubudala, wahlasela lo thisha ngezibhakela, ngemuva kwalokho akabange esabuyela esikoleni. Ngemuva kokuyeka isikole, le nsizwa yaziphilisa ngokuthola amatoho okwesikhashana, yaze yangena endaweni yama-mafia.
Mafia
Ngesikhathi esemusha, u-Al Capone wawela ngaphansi kwethonya lomgulukudu wase-Italy-waseMelika ogama lakhe linguJohnny Torrio, wajoyina iqembu lakhe lezigebengu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli qembu lajoyina iqembu elikhulu lamaPhoyinti amahlanu.
Ekuthomeni komlando wakhe wobulelesi, uCapone wadlala indima enkulu njengekilabhu lebhiliard lendawo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi empeleni lesi sikhungo besisebenza njengesembozo sokuphanga nokugembula okungekho emthethweni.
U-Alfonse wayenesithakazelo esikhulu kumabhiliyade, ngenxa yalokho wafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kulo mdlalo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi unyaka wonke, akazange alahlekelwe ngumqhudelwano owodwa owawubanjelwe eBrooklyn. Le nsizwa yawuthanda umsebenzi wayo, owawusondele engcupheni yempilo yayo.
Ngelinye ilanga, uCapone walwa nesigebengu esasibizwa ngoFrank Gallucho, samshaya ngommese esihlathini sobunxele. Kungemva kwalokhu lapho u-Alfonse athola khona isidlaliso esithi "Scarface".
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi u-Al Capone uqobo wayenamahloni ngalesi sibazi futhi wathi ukubonakala kwaso kwaba yingxenye yokulwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918). Kodwa-ke, empeleni, akazange asebenze ebusosheni. Ngeminyaka engu-18, lo mfana wayesezwakala ngamaphoyisa.
UCapone ubesolwa ngamacala ahlukahlukene, okubalwa kuwo nokubulala okungu-2. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe eNew York, futhi ngemuva kokuthi uTorrio esezinze eChicago.
Lapha waqhubeka enza imisebenzi yobugebengu. Ngokuyinhloko, wayebandakanyeka ekuqhutshweni kwama-brothel wendawo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, izinduku zazingahlonishwa ezweni labaphansi. Noma kunjalo, i-The Great Al yakwazi ukuguqula indawo yezifebe ejwayelekile ibe ibha enezitezi ezi-4, iThe Four Deuces, lapho esitezi ngasinye kwakukhona inkantini, itoti, ikhasino kanye nendawo yezifebe uqobo.
Lesi sikhungo saqala ukujabulela impumelelo enkulu kangangoba saletha inzuzo efinyelela ezigidini ezingama-35 zamaRandi ngonyaka, okuthi uma kubalwa kabusha namuhla ilingane cishe nezigidi ezingama- $ 420! Ngokushesha kwaba nemizamo emibili kuJohnny Torrio. Yize lo mgulukudu wakwazi ukusinda, kodwa walimala kanzima.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uTorrio wanquma ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, waqoka u-Al Capone, owayeneminyaka engu-26 ngaleso sikhathi, esikhundleni sakhe. Ngakho-ke, lo mfana waba yinhloko yombuso wonke wobugebengu, owawuhlanganisa cishe amasosha angu-1000.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi nguCapone ongumbhali womqondo onjengokukhwabanisa. IMafia yasiza ekusabalaliseni ubufebe ngokusebenza ngaphansi kwamaphoyisa neziphathimandla zendawo, ezazinikezwa izifumbathiso ezinkulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Alfonse walwa ngokungenasihawu nabancintisana naye.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabaphangi kwafinyelela ezingeni elingakaze libonwe. Izigebengu zisebenzise izibhamu zemishini, amabhomu nezinye izikhali ezinzima lapho kudutshulwa. Esikhathini 1924-1929. "emibonweni enjalo" kwabulawa izigebengu ezingaphezu kuka-500.
Khonamanjalo, u-Al Capone wayethola udumo olukhulu ngokwengeziwe emphakathini, waba ngomunye wezigelekeqe ezinkulu emlandweni wase-US. Ngaphezu kokugembula nokuthengisa ngomzimba, wenza inzuzo enkulu, wayeshushumbisa notshwala, okwakungavunyelwe ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukufihla umsuka wemali engenayo, uCapone wavula uchungechunge olukhulu lokuwasha ezweni, ethi ngezimemezelo zokuthi uhola izigidi zakhe ebhizinisini lokuwasha. Le yindlela eyavela ngayo inkulumo edume umhlaba wonke ethi "ukukhwabanisa kwemali".
Osomabhizinisi abaningi ababucayi baphendukela ku-Al Capone ukuze bathole usizo. Babemkhokhela izizumbulu zemali ukuze bazivikele kwamanye amaqembu ezigelekeqe, kwesinye isikhathi nasemaphoyiseni.
Valentine Day Massacre
Ekhanda lombuso wobugebengu, u-Al Capone ubabhubhisa njalo bonke abancintisana nabo. Ngalesi sizathu, izigelekeqe eziningi ezaziwayo sezifile. Wawaqeda ngokuphelele amaqembu e-mafia ama-Irish, amaRussia kanye namaMexico eChicago, ethatha idolobha ezandleni zakhe.
Iziqhumane ezifakwe ezimotweni bezijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa abantu abangathandwa yi- "Great Alu". Basebenza ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvula umlilo.
U-Al Capone ubehlangene kakhulu nalokhu okuthiwa yi-Valentine's Day Massacre. Kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 14, 1929 egalaji lapho elinye lamaqembu ezigelekeqe lalifihle khona utshwala obungavumelekile. Amasosha ka-Alfonse ayehlomile, egqoke iyunifomu yamaphoyisa, angena egalaji futhi ayalela wonke umuntu ukuba eme kulayini.
Abancintisana nabo babecabanga ukuthi bangabaphathi bezomthetho bangempela, ngakho-ke ngokulalela basondela odongeni bephakamise izandla phezulu. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokuseshwa obekulindelekile, bonke abesilisa badutshulwe ngamehlo. Ukudutshulwa okufanayo kwaphindwa kaningi, okwadala umsindo omkhulu emphakathini futhi kwaphazamisa idumela lomgulukudu.
Abukho ubufakazi obuqondile bokubandakanyeka kuka-Al Capone kulezi ziqephu obutholakele, ngakho-ke akekho owajeziswa ngalezi zenzo zobugebengu. Futhi-ke, kwakuyi- "Massacre on Valentine's Day" eyaholela iziphathimandla zikahulumeni ukuthi zenze imisebenzi ye- "Great Al" ngokuzimisela okukhulu nangomdlandla.
Isikhathi eside, abaphathi be-FBI bebengatholi mikhombandlela ezobavumela ukuthi babeke uCapone ejele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bakwazile ukuletha isigebengu enkantolo ecaleni elihlobene nentela.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Noma esemusha, u-Al Capone wayexhumana kakhulu nezifebe. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi lapho eneminyaka eyi-16 watholakala enezifo eziningana ezithathelwana ngocansi, kubandakanya ugcunsula.
Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, washada nentombazane egama linguMay Josephine Coughlin. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ingane yabashadikazi yazalwa ngaphambi komshado. UMay wazala umfana ogama lakhe lingu-Albert. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ingane yatholakala ine-syphilis yokuzalwa, eyadluliselwa kuyise.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Albert watholakala enesifo se-mastoid - ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila ngemuva kwendlebe. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni ingane ihlinzwe ubuchopho. Ngenxa yalokho, wahlala eyisithulu kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Naphezu kwedumela likayise, u-Albert wakhula waba yisakhamuzi esigcina umthetho kakhulu. Yize ku-biography yakhe kunesigameko esisodwa esihlobene nokwebiwa okuncane esitolo, athola kuso iminyaka engu-2 yokuhlolwa. Kakade esemdala, uzoshintsha isibongo sakhe uCapone - abe uBrown.
Ijele nokufa
Njengoba abezomthetho bengakaze bakwazi ukuthola ubufakazi obunokwethenjelwa bokubandakanyeka kuka-Al Capone emacaleni obugebengu, bathole elinye ithuba, bamsola ngokubalekela ukukhokhwa kwentela yemali engu- $ 388,000.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-1932, inkosi yama-mafia yagwetshwa iminyaka engu-11 ejele kanye nenhlawulo enkulu. Odokotela bathola ukuthi une-syphilis ne-gonorrhea, kanye nokulutha kwe-cocaine. Wathunyelwa ejele e-Atlanta, lapho enza khona izicathulo.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uCapone wadluliselwa ejele elingalodwa e-Alcatraz Island. Lapha wayelingana nazo zonke iziboshwa, engenawo amandla ayengenawo kudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo se-venereal nesengqondo salimaza kakhulu impilo yakhe.
Eminyakeni eyi-11, lo mgulukudu wasebenza iminyaka engu-7 kuphela, ngenxa yempilo ebuthaka. Ngemuva kokukhululwa, welashelwa i-paresis (ebangelwe ugcunsula osezingeni lesigaba), kepha akakwazanga ukunqoba lesi sifo.
Kamuva, isimo somqondo nengqondo sendoda saqala ukwehlisa isithunzi ngokwanda. NgoJanuwari 1947 wahlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi futhi ngokushesha kwatholakala ukuthi une-pneumonia. U-Al Capone ushone ngoJanuwari 25, 1947 evela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo eneminyaka engama-48.
Isithombe ngu-Al Capone
