Ingqungquthela Yalta (Crimea) Yamandla Ahlanganyelwe (Februwari 4-11, 1945) - umhlangano wesibili wabaholi bamazwe ama-3 omfelandawonye olwa noHitler - uJoseph Stalin (USSR), uFranklin Roosevelt (USA) noWinston Churchill (Great Britain), okunikezelwe ekusungulweni kokuhleleka komhlaba ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945) ...
Cishe unyaka nohhafu ngaphambi komhlangano owawuseYalta, abamele iBig Three base beqoqekile engqungqutheleni iTehran, lapho babekhuluma ngezinkinga zokuzuza ukunqoba iJalimane.
Ngokulandelayo, engqungqutheleni yaseYalta, izinqumo eziyinhloko zenziwa maqondana nokwehlukana komhlaba okuzayo phakathi kwamazwe anqobile. Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, cishe yonke iYurophu yayiphethwe izifunda ezintathu kuphela.
Izinhloso nezinqumo zengqungquthela yaseYalta
Ingqungquthela igxile ezintweni ezimbili:
- Imingcele emisha bekufanele ichazwe ezindaweni ezithathwe yiJalimane lamaNazi.
- Amazwe anqobayo aqonda ukuthi ngemuva kokuwa koMbuso Wesithathu, ukuhlanganiswa ngenkani kweNtshonalanga ne-USSR kuzolahlekelwa yiyo yonke incazelo. Ngalesi sizathu, kwakudingeka ukufeza izinqubo ezizoqinisekisa ukungavikeleki kwemingcele esungulwe ngokuzayo.
IPoland
Umbuzo obizwa ngokuthi "ngumbuzo wasePoland" engqungqutheleni yaseYalta wawungenye yezinzima kakhulu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi kuxoxwa kusetshenziswe amagama angama-10,000 - leli yingxenye yesine yawo wonke amagama akhulunywa engqungqutheleni.
Ngemuva kwezingxoxo ezinde, abaholi abakwazanga ukuthola ukuqonda okugcwele. Lokhu bekungenxa yezinkinga eziningi zasePoland.
Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 1945, iPoland yayingaphansi kombuso kahulumeni wesikhashana eWarsaw, owaziwa yiziphathimandla ze-USSR kanye neCzechoslovakia. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhulumeni wasePoland owayesekudingisweni walingisa eNgilandi, okwakungavumelani nezinye zezinqumo ezathathwa engqungqutheleni yaseTehran.
Ngemuva kwempikiswano ende, abaholi beBig Three babona sengathi uhulumeni wasePoland owayedingisiwe wayengenalo ilungelo lokubusa ngemuva kokuphela kwempi.
Engqungqutheleni yaseYalta, uStalin wakwazi ukukholisa abalingani bakhe ngesidingo sokwakha uhulumeni omusha ePoland - "uHulumeni Wesikhashana Wobumbano Lukazwelonke." Kwakufanele kufakwe abasePoland abahlala ePoland uqobo nakwamanye amazwe.
Lesi simo sasifanela iSoviet Union ngokuphelele, ngoba yayivumela ukuthi idale umbuso wezepolitiki owawudinga eWarsaw, okwathi ngenxa yalokho kwaxazululwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamabutho ayesekela amazwe aseNtshonalanga kanye nawomakhomanisi nalo mbuso.
EJalimane
Izinhloko zamazwe anqobile zamukela isinqumo ngokuqothulwa nokuhlukaniswa kweJalimane. Ngasikhathi sinye, iFrance yayinelungelo lokuthola indawo ehlukile. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi izingqinamba eziphathelene nokuqashwa kweJalimane zaxoxwa ngonyaka owedlule.
Lesi sinqumo sinqume ukuhlukaniswa kombuso amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Ngenxa yalokho, kwasungulwa ama-republic ama-2 ngo-1949:
- IFederal Republic of Germany (i-FRG) - esendaweni yaseMelika, eBrithani naseFrance lapho kuhlala khona amaJalimane amaNazi
- IGerman Democratic Republic (GDR) - esendaweni esendaweni eyayihlala amaSoviet eJalimane esifundeni esisempumalanga yezwe.
Ababambe iqhaza Engqungqutheleni Yalta bazibekele umgomo wokuqeda amandla ezempi aseJalimane nobuNazi, futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi iGermany ayisoze yaphazamisa umhlaba esikhathini esizayo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwenziwa izinqubo eziningi okuhloswe ngazo ukubhubhisa imishini yamasosha namabhizinisi ezimboni okungenzeka ukuthi akhiqize imishini yempi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uStalin, uRoosevelt noChurchill bavumelane ngokuthi zizoziswa kanjani enkantolo zonke izigebengu zempi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukulwa neNazism kukho konke ukubonakaliswa kwayo.
AmaBalkan
Engqungqutheleni yaseCrimea, kwanakwa kakhulu udaba lwaseBalkan, kufaka phakathi isimo esishubile eYugoslavia naseGrisi. Kuyamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi ekwindla ka-1944, uJoseph Stalin wavumela iBrithani ukuthi inqume isiphetho samaGrikhi, yingakho ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamaqembu amakhomanisi kanye nabasekeli baseNtshonalanga lapha kwaxazululwa kwasekelwa abokugcina.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, empeleni kwabonwa ukuthi amandla eYugoslavia ayezoba sezandleni zebutho likaJosip Broz Tito elalinezinhlangano.
Isimemezelo ngeYurophu Ekhululiwe
Engqungqutheleni yaseYalta, kwasayinwa iSimemezelo SaseYurophu Esikhululiwe, esasicabanga ukubuyiselwa kwenkululeko emazweni akhululiwe, kanye nelungelo lababambisene nabo "lokunikeza usizo" kubantu abathintekile.
Izizwe zaseYurophu kwakudingeka zenze izikhungo zentando yeningi njengoba zazibona kufanelekile. Kodwa-ke, umqondo wokusizwa ngokuhlanganyela awuzange ugcwaliseke ekusebenzeni. Izwe ngalinye elinqobayo lalinamandla kuphela lapho kwakukhona khona ibutho lalo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ngamunye wababebambisene naye baqala ukunikeza "usizo" kuphela emazweni asondele ngokomqondo. Mayelana nezinxephezelo, ama-Allies awazange akwazi ukusungula inani elithile lesinxephezelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, iMelika neBrithani bazodlulisela ama-50% azo zonke izinhlawulo kwi-USSR.
UN
Engqungqutheleni, kwaphakanyiswa umbuzo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwenhlangano yomhlaba wonke ekwaziyo ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kwemingcele esunguliwe. Umphumela wezingxoxo ezinde kwaba ukusungulwa kweZizwe Ezihlangene.
I-UN bekufanele ibheke ukunakekelwa kokuhleleka komhlaba emhlabeni wonke. Le nhlangano bekufanele ixazulule izingxabano phakathi kwamazwe.
Ngasikhathi sinye, iMelika, iBrithani kanye ne-USSR basancamela ukuxazulula izinkinga zomhlaba phakathi kwabo ngemihlangano yamazwe amabili. Ngenxa yalokho, i-UN yehluleka ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana kwezempi, okwathi kamuva kwahilela i-United States ne-USSR.
Ifa likaYalta
Ingqungquthela yaseYalta ingenye yemihlangano emikhulu kunayo yonke emlandweni wesintu. Izinqumo ezithathwe kuyo zifakazele ukuthi kungenzeka ukubambisana phakathi kwamazwe anemibuso eyehlukene yezepolitiki.
Uhlelo lwe-Yalta lwawa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980 kanye nawo-1990 ngokuwa kwe-USSR. Ngemuva kwalokho, izifundazwe eziningi zaseYurophu zabona ukunyamalala kwezintambo zangaphambili zemikhawulo, zathola imingcele emisha ebalazweni laseYurophu. I-UN iyaqhubeka nemisebenzi yayo, yize ivame ukugxekwa.
Isivumelwano Sabantu Abalahlekile
Engqungqutheleni yaseYalta, kusayinwe esinye isivumelwano, esibaluleke kakhulu kwiSoviet Union - isivumelwano esiphathelene nokubuyiselwa ezweni kwamasosha kanye nezakhamizi ezikhishwe ezindaweni ezithathelwe amaNazi.
Ngenxa yalokho, abaseBrithani badlulisela eMoscow ngisho nalabo abafudukayo ababengakaze babe nepasipoti yaseSoviet. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhishwa ngenkani Cossacks wenziwa. Lesi sivumelwano sithinte izimpilo zabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2,5.
Isithombe sengqungquthela yaseYalta
