ULeonid Makarovich Kravchuk (owazalwa ngo-1934) - Iqembu laseSoviet nelase-Ukraine, umholi wezwe nowezombangazwe, umongameli wokuqala we-Ukraine ezimele (1991-1994). Iphini Labantu le-Verkhovna Rada yase-Ukraine yezingqungquthela ezi-1-4. Ilungu le-CPSU (1958-1991) futhi eyilungu le-SDPU (u) ngo-1998-2009, ozongenela ukhetho lwezesayensi yezomnotho.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaKravchuk, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaLeonid Kravchuk.
Umlando we-Kravchuk
ULeonid Kravchuk wazalwa ngoJanuwari 10, 1934 edolobhaneni laseVeliky Zhitin, eliseduzane naseRovno. Wakhulela emndenini olula wabantu abampofu kaMakar Alekseevich nomkakhe u-Efimia Ivanovna.
Lapho umongameli wesikhathi esizayo eseneminyaka engaba ngu-7 ubudala, kwagqashuka iMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945), okwaholela ekutheni uKravchuk Sr. athunyelwe ngaphambili. Le ndoda yashona ngo-1944 yafihlwa ethuneni elinabantu abaningi eBelarus. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umama kaLeonid waphinde washada.
Ngemuva kwesikole, le nsizwa yadlula ngempumelelo izivivinyo esikoleni sendawo sobuchwepheshe bezohwebo nokubambisana. Uthole amamaki aphezulu kuyo yonke imikhakha, yingakho ephothule ngeziqu ezikhungweni zemfundo.
Khona-ke Leonid Kravchuk waba umfundi we-Kiev State University ngezinga elithile ku-Political Economy. Lapha wayephathiswe isikhundla somgqugquzeli walesi sifundo eKomsomol, kepha ngemuva konyaka wakwenqaba, ngoba wayengafuni "ukudansela ingoma" yomhleli weqembu.
Ngokusho kukaKravchuk, phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokufunda wayefanele athole imali ngokulayisha. Futhi-ke, ubheka leso sikhathi njengenye yezinto ezijabulisa kakhulu emlandweni wakhe.
Umsebenzi kanye nezombusazwe
Njengoba waba uchwepheshe oqinisekisiwe, uLeonid waqala ukufundisa eChernivtsi Financial College, lapho asebenza khona iminyaka engaba mibili. Ukusuka ku-1960 kuya ku-1967 wayengumeluleki wezindlela zeNdlu Yezemfundo Yezombusazwe.
Le nsizwa yanikeza izinkulumo futhi yahola umnyango wezinxushunxushu nenkulumo-ze yeKomidi Lesifunda laseChernivtsi leqembu lamaKhomanisi. Ngo-1970, wayivikela ngempumelelo i-Thesis yakhe ye-Ph.D.
Eminyakeni eyi-18 eyalandela, uKravchuk wayenyusa isitebhisi somsebenzi ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1988 wavuka esikhundleni sokuba inhloko yomnyango we-propaganda weCentral Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lapho usopolitiki ehambela umama wakhe, owayengowesifazane ozinikele, wayehlala phambi kwezithonjana ngokwesicelo sakhe.
Eminyakeni yama-80s, uLeonid Makarovich wabamba iqhaza ekubhalweni kwezincwadi ezimbalwa ezinikezelwe emcabangweni, impumelelo yezomnotho yabantu baseSoviet, ukuthanda izwe nokungavikeleki kwe-USSR. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s emakhasini ephephandaba "Evening Kiev", waqala ingxoxo evulekile nabasekeli bokuzimela kwe-Ukraine.
Ngesikhathi se-biography 1989-1991. UKravchuk ubephethe izikhundla eziphezulu kuhulumeni: ilungu lePolitburo, unobhala wesibili weQembu lamaKhomanisi e-Ukraine, iphini leSupreme Soviet ye-Ukraine SSR nelungu leCPSU. Ngemuva kuka-August Putch odumile, lo sopolitiki washiya isikhundla seCommunist Party yeSoviet Union, wasayina ngo-Agasti 24, 1991 Umthetho Wesimemezelo Sokuzimela kwe-Ukraine.
Kusukela lapho Leonid Kravchuk waba usihlalo we-Ukraine Verkhovna Rada. Ngemuva kwesonto, wayala ukuba kuvinjelwe imisebenzi yeQembu LamaKhomanisi kuhulumeni, okwenza umsebenzi wakhe.
UMongameli wase-Ukraine
ULeonid Makarovich ubambe isikhundla sikamongameli iminyaka engu-2,5. Uye okhethweni njengomuntu obengenele ukhetho. Le ndoda yacela ukwesekwa kwabantu base-Ukraine abangaphezu kuka-61%, ngenxa yalokho waba ngumongameli wase-Ukraine ngoDisemba 1, 1991.
Isonto ngemuva kokhetho lwakhe, uKravchuk wasayina isivumelwano seBelovezhskaya sokuqedwa kobukhona be-USSR. Ngaphandle kwakhe, lo mbhalo wasayinwa nguMongameli we-RSFSR uBoris Yeltsin kanye nenhloko yeBelarus Stanislav Shushkevich.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezepolitiki, kwakunguLeonid Kravchuk owayengumqalisi omkhulu wokuwa kwe-USSR. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi sitatimende empeleni siqinisekiswe yilowo owayengumongameli uqobo, ethi abantu base-Ukraine baba "ngumngcwabi" weSoviet Union.
Ubumongameli bukaKravchuk buthole izibuyekezo ezingafani. Phakathi kokuzuzile kwakhe ukuzimela kwe-Ukraine, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwamaqembu amaningi nokwamukelwa kwe-Land Code. Phakathi kokwehluleka ukubalwa kwezomnotho kanye nokweswela kwabantu base-Ukraine.
Ngenxa yenkinga eyandayo yombuso, uLeonid Makarovich wavuma ukhetho lwangaphambi kwesikhathi, owaphumelela kwaba nguLeonid Kuchma. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uKuchma uzoba ukuphela kukamongameli emlandweni we-Ukraine ezimele osebenze imigomo emi-2.
Ngemuva kobumengameli
Kravchuk wakhethwa kathathu (ngo-1994, 1998 no-2002) njengephini le-Verkhovna Rada. Esikhathini 1998-2006. wayeyilungu lobuholi beSocial Democratic Party yase-Ukraine.
Ngemuva kokuncishwa kweCrimea kuya eRussia, lo sopolitiki wayevame ukusho ukuthi abase-Ukraine bekufanele balwe nomhlaseli. Ngo-2016, waphakamisa ukuthi kunikezwe inkululeko enhlonhlweni njengengxenye ye-Ukraine, noDonbass "abe nesikhundla esikhethekile".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
ULeonid Kravchuk ushade no-Antonina Mikhailovna, ahlangana naye eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda. Abantu abasha bashada ngo-1957.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lowo okhethwe owayenguMongameli wangaphambilini ungumfundi wesayensi yezomnotho. Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana waba nomfana, u-Alexander. Namuhla u-Alexander usebhizinisini.
Ngokusho kukaKravchuk, nsuku zonke usebenzisa i-100 g yevodka "kwezempilo", futhi uya nasendlini yokugeza njalo ngesonto. Ehlobo lika-2011, wahlinzwa ukuze athuthukise umbono wakhe ngokufaka i-lens yeso lakhe lesobunxele.
Ngo-2017, lo sopolitiki wasusa uqwembe emikhunjini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kokunye kwaxoxwa naye wenza ihlaya ngokuthi ukusebenza nokunye ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okwenziwe kufana nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kobuchwepheshe. Kuyo yonke iminyaka yomlando wakhe, uKravchuk waba ngumbhali wama-athikili angaphezu kuka-500.
ULeonid Kravchuk namuhla
U-Leonid Kravchuk usabandakanyeka kwezepolitiki, ephawula ngemicimbi eyahlukahlukene e-Ukraine nasemhlabeni. Ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokufakwa kweCrimea kanye nesimo eDonbas.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ndoda ingumsekeli wokusungula inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kweKiev nabamele i-LPR / DPR, ngoba bangabahlanganyeli ezivumelwaneni zaseMinsk. Unayo iwebhusayithi esemthethweni nekhasi le-Facebook.
Izithombe zeKravchuk
