Umbhishobhi omkhulu uKirill (emhlabeni UVladimir Mikhailovich Gundyaev; uhlobo. Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseMoscow nakuyo yonke iRussia kusukela ngoFebhuwari 1, 2009. Ngaphambi kokubekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi - uMetropolitan weSmolensk naseKaliningrad.
Esikhathini 1989-2009. wasebenza njengosihlalo woMnyango weSinodi wobuDlelwano beSonto bangaphandle futhi wayeyilungu elihlala njalo leSinodi Engcwele. NgoJanuwari 2009, wakhethwa njengoNdunankulu waseMoscow nakuyo yonke iRussia nguMkhandlu Wendawo weSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Patriarch Kirill, esizokhuluma ngawo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaVladimir Gundyaev.
Umlando we-Patriarch Kirill
Patriarch Kirill (aka Vladimir Gundyaev) wazalwa ngoNovemba 20, 1946 eLeningrad. Wakhulela emndenini wompristi omkhulu wama-Orthodox uMikhail Vasilyevich nomkakhe uRaisa Vladimirovna, owayenguthisha wolimi lwesiJalimane.
Ngaphezu kukaVladimir, umndeni wakwaGundyaev wazalelwa umfana uNikolai nentombazane u-Elena. Kusukela esemncane, inzalamizi yesikhathi esizayo yayijwayelene nezimfundiso namasiko obu-Orthodox. Njengazo zonke izingane, wafunda esikoleni esiphakeme, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wanquma ukungena eLeningrad Theological Seminary.
Khona-ke le nsizwa yaqhubeka nemfundo yayo esikoleni sobufundisi, esaphothula iziqu zayo ngo-1970. Ngaleso sikhathi yayisivele ithonywe indela, ngenxa yalokho yaqala ukubizwa ngoCyril.
Kwakusukela kulo mzuzu ku-biography yakhe ukuthi uCyril waqala ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha umsebenzi wakhe njengomfundisi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lapho ngemuva kweminyaka ekhethwa njengombhishobhi omkhulu waseMoscow naku-All Russia, uzoba yinzalamizi yokuqala ezalwe eSoviet Union.
Umbhishobhi
Ngo-1970, uKirill wayivikela ngempumelelo incwadi yakhe, ngemuva kwalokho waklonyeliswa ngezinga lokuqokwa kwezobufundisi. Ngenxa yalokhu, wakwazi ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokufundisa.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, lo mfana wakhushulelwa esikhundleni se-archimandrite, futhi waphathiswa isikhundla sokumelwa kwe-Moscow Patriarchate e-World Council of Churches eGeneva. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, wahola esikoleni sobufundisi nase-academy eLeningrad.
Ngenkathi kulokhu okuthunyelwe, uKirill wenza izinguquko ezibalulekile. Ngokuyinhloko, waba ngowokuqala emlandweni weSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia owasungula isigaba esikhethekile samantombazane - "omama" besikhathi esizayo. Futhi, ngomyalo wakhe, imfundo yomzimba yaqala ukufundiswa ezikhungweni zemfundo.
Lapho umfundisi eneminyaka engu-29 ubudala, waqokwa njengenhloko yomkhandlu wesifunda-bhishobhi saseLeningrad Metropolitanate. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, wajoyina ikomidi le-World Council of Churches.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-1976, uKirill wagcotshwa njengombhishobhi waseVyborg, kwathi ngonyaka nohhafu kamuva wagcotshwa njengombhishobhi omkhulu. Ngokushesha waphathiswa ukuphatha izifunda zezinzalamizi eFinland.
Ngo-1983, indoda ethile yafundisa imfundiso yenkolo eMoscow Theological Academy. Ngonyaka olandelayo uba uMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseVyazemsky noSmolensk. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 waba yilungu leSinodi Engcwele, ngenxa yalokho wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuguqulweni kwama-Orthodox nasezindabeni zezenkolo.
NgoFebhuwari 1991, kwenzeka umlando obalulekile ku-Cyril's biography - wakhushulelwa esigabeni sedolobha elikhulu. Eminyakeni eyalandela, waqhubeka nokukhuphuka esigabeni somsebenzi, ethola idumela lokuba ngumenzi wokuthula. Wanikezwa umklomelo weLovia kathathu ngokulondolozwa nokuqiniswa kokuthula emhlabeni.
Ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia le-Moscow Patriarchate (ROC MP) laqala ukubamba iqhaza ezindabeni zombuso. Ngokulandelayo, uCyril waba ngomunye wabamele iSonto ababegqamile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, wakwazi ukuhlanganisa i-ROC nezifunda zaphesheya, kanye nokwakha ubudlelwane neVatican.
Izinzalamizi
Kusukela ngo-1995, Kirill uye ngempumelelo wasebenzisana neziphathimandla Russian, futhi ubelokhu ekhuthele emsebenzini wokufundisa on TV. Kamuva, yena nozakwabo, wakwazi ukuthuthukisa umqondo we-ROC maqondana nobudlelwano besonto nombuso.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngonyaka we-2000 kwaqala ukusebenza okuyisisekelo se-Social Concept ye-ROC. Lapho u-Patriarch Alexy II eshona eminyakeni eyi-8 kamuva, uMetropolitan Kirill waqokwa njenge-locum tenens. Ngonyaka olandelayo wakhethwa uMbhishobhi Omkhulu wase-16 waseMoscow nakuyo Yonke iRussia.
UMongameli kanye noNdunankulu waseRussia bahalalisele uMbhishobhi Omkhulu osanda kuqokwa ngalesi sikhundla futhi bazwakalisa ithemba labo lokusebenzisana phakathi kweSonto nombuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abefundisi abaningi abasezikhundleni eziphakeme, kuhlanganise noPapa Benedict XVI, bahalalisela uCyril.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla, umbhishobhi omkhulu uKirill uvame ukuvakashela izindawo ezingcwele ezahlukahlukene, akhulume nabaholi bomhlaba, abambe iqhaza emikhandlwini yamazwe omhlaba futhi aqhube nezinsizakalo. Unedumela lokuthi ufundile kakhulu futhi uyakwazi ukuphikisana ngamazwi nezitatimende zakhe.
Ngo-2016, kwenzeka umcimbi obalulekile ku-biography ka-Patriarch Kirill. Ngesikhathi evakashele eCuba, wahlangana noPapa Francis. Lo mcimbi uxoxwe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lona bekungumhlangano wokuqala waleli zinga emlandweni wonke wamaBandla aseRussia nawaseRoma, lapho kwasayinwa isimemezelo esihlanganyelwe.
Amahlazo
Patriarch Kirill kaningi wazithola enkabeni amahlazo ephezulu. Wayesolwa ngokuhweba okukhulu ngomkhiqizo kagwayi notshwala eminyakeni yama-90s, kanye nenkohliso yentela.
Ngokusho kukamfundisi nabasekeli bakhe, izinsolo ezinjalo ziyisidina. Abantu abasabalalisa leyo mininingwane bafisa ukumane bangcolise igama lenzalamizi. Ngasikhathi sinye, uKirill akakaze afake icala elibhekiswe kwizintatheli ezaziletha amacala anjalo kuye.
Ngasikhathi sinye, inzalamizi yagxekwa futhi iyaqhubeka nokugxekwa ngokuphila kwayo ngokunethezeka, okuphambene nemithetho yesonto.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-2018, kwaqubuka ihlazo eBulgaria. UVladyka uthe inhloko yaleli zwe, uRumen Radev, ubukela phansi ngamabomu indima yeRussia ekukhululweni kweBulgaria ejokeni lase-Ottoman. Ephendula, undunankulu waseBulgaria wathi umuntu owake wakhonza ku-KGB akanalo ilungelo lokutshela noma ubani ukuthi athini noma enze njani.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokwe-canon yesonto, inzalamizi ayinalo ilungelo lokuqala umndeni. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele anikele konke emhlambini wakhe, anakekele inhlala-kahle yawo.
Ngaphezu kwezindaba zesonto nokubandakanyeka esizeni, uKirill ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile kwezepolitiki zombuso. Ukhona cishe kuzo zonke izingqungquthela ezinkulu, lapho ezwakalisa khona ukuma kweSonto maqondana nentuthuko eqhubekayo yaseRussia.
Ngasikhathi sinye, le ndoda ibhala izincwadi ezikhuluma ngomlando weSonto LamaKristu nobunye bama-Orthodox. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uphikisana nokwenziwa ngokwesivumelwano.
Patriarch Kirill namuhla
Manje inzalamizi iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa i-ROC, ibambe iqhaza emicimbini eyahlukahlukene. Uvame ukuya emasontweni amakhulu ahlukene, ahambele izindawo ezingcwele zama-Orthodox futhi asakaze i-Orthodox.
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, uKirill wakhuluma kabi ngokunikeza i-Ukraine autocephaly. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathembisa ukubunqamula ubudlelwano ne-Ecumenical Patriarchate uma uMbhishobhi omkhulu u-Bartholomew engaguquli isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokuzimela kweSonto lasendaweni lase-Ukraine.
Ngokusho kukaVladyka, "uMkhandlu Wokuhlanganisa" e-Ukraine umhlangano ophikisana nohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli, yingakho izinqumo zawo zingavumelekile kuleli. Noma kunjalo, namuhla umbusi akanayo indlela engathonya isimo.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, uma amaqembu ehluleka ukuthola ukuvumelana, lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo. I-Patriarchate yaseMoscow ingalahlekelwa cishe yi-30% yenani eliphelele lezifunda zalo, okuzoholela ekuqhekekeni "eSontweni LaseRussia elingabonakali."
Isithombe sikaPatriarch Kirill
