UFranz Kafka (1883-1924) - Umbhali okhuluma isiJalimane, uthathwe njengomunye wabantu ababalulekile ezincwadini zangekhulu lama-20. Inqwaba yemisebenzi yakhe yashicilelwa ngemuva kokufa.
Imisebenzi yombhali igcwele ukungabi nangqondo nokwesaba umhlaba wangaphandle, okuhlanganisa izinto zangempela kanye nefantasy.
Namuhla, umsebenzi kaKafka uthandwa kakhulu, kanti ngesikhathi sokuphila kombhali, awuzange uvuse intshisekelo yomfundi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaKafka, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaFranz Kafka.
I-Biography kaKafka
UFranz Kafka wazalwa ngoJulayi 3, 1883 ePrague. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wamaJuda. Uyise, uHerman, wayengumthengisi we-haberdashery. Umama, uJulia, wayeyindodakazi yotshwala ocebile.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngaphandle kukaFranz, abazali bakhe babenezinye izingane ezinhlanu, ezimbili zazo ezafa zisencane. I-classic yesikhathi esizayo yayincishwa ukunakwa ngabazali bayo futhi yazizwa njengomthwalo endlini.
Njengomthetho, ubaba kaKafka wachitha izinsuku zakhe emsebenzini, futhi umama wakhe wakhetha ukunakekela amadodakazi akhe amathathu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uFranz wasala yedwa. Ukuze ngandlela-thile ukuzijabulisa, umfana waqala ukuqamba izindaba ezahlukahlukene ezingathandanga muntu.
Inhloko yomndeni yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni kobuntu bukaFranz. Wayemude futhi enezwi eliphansi, ngenxa yalokho ingane yazizwa ifana noyise imbuzane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umuzwa wokuzenyeza ngokomzimba uhlukumeze umlobi kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe.
UHerman Kafka wabona endodaneni yakhe indlalifa yebhizinisi, kepha umfana onamahloni nozibekile wayengekude nezimfuno zomzali. Le ndoda ikhulise izingane kanzima, izifundisa ukuziyala.
Kwenye yezincwadi ezibhekiswe kuyise, uFranz Kafka uchaze isiqephu lapho amkhiphela ngaphandle kuvulandi obandayo nje ngoba ecela amanzi okuphuza. Leli cala elicasulayo nelingenabulungisa liyohlale likhunjulwa ngumlobi.
Lapho uFranz eneminyaka eyisithupha, waya esikoleni sendawo, lapho athola khona imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi. Ngemuva kwalokho wangena esikhungweni sokuvivinya umzimba. Eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda njengomfundi, le nsizwa yabamba iqhaza emidlalweni ye-amateur futhi yaqhuba kaninginingi imidlalo.
UKafka ube eseqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eCharles University, lapho athola khona iziqu zobudokotela kwezomthetho. Ukuba nguchwepheshe oqinisekisiwe, umfana wathola umsebenzi emnyangweni womshuwalense.
Izincwadi
Ngenkathi esebenzela umnyango, uFranz wayebandakanyeka emshuwalense wokulimala emsebenzini. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi awuzange uvuse intshisekelo kuye, ngoba wayenengwa ngabaphathi, osebenza nabo, ngisho namakhasimende.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uKafka wayezithanda izincwadi, okwakuyinhloso yempilo kuye. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela iqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yemizamo yombhali, izimo zokusebenza ekukhiqizeni zithuthukisiwe esikalini saso sonke isifunda esisenyakatho yezwe.
Abaphathi bawuthakasele kakhulu umsebenzi kaFranz Kafka kangangokuthi cishe iminyaka emihlanu bengasanelisanga isicelo somhlalaphansi, ngemuva kokutholakala ukuthi unesifo sofuba maphakathi no-1917.
Lapho uKafka ebhala imisebenzi eminingana, akazange alokothe ayithumele ukuba izophrinta, njengoba wayezibheka njengomuntu ophakathi nendawo. Yonke imibhalo yesandla yombhali yaqoqwa ngumngani wakhe uMax Brod. Lesi sakamuva sancenga uFranz isikhathi eside ukuthi ashicilele umsebenzi wakhe futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana wafeza umgomo wakhe.
Ngo-1913, iqoqo elithi "Contemplation" lanyatheliswa. Abagxeki bezincwadi bakhuluma ngoFranz njengomqambi, kodwa yena ngokwakhe wayegxeka umsebenzi wakhe. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaKafka, kushicilelwe amanye amaqoqo ama-3: "The Village Doctor", "Kara" no "Golodar".
Futhi imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kaKafka yabona ukukhanya ngemuva kokufa kombhali. Lapho le ndoda ineminyaka engaba ngu-27 ubudala, yona noMax baya eFrance, kodwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-9 waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ekhaya ngenxa yezinhlungu ezinzima zesisu.
Ngokushesha, uFranz Kafka waqala ukubhala inoveli, eyagcina yaziwa njengeMelika. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wabhala imisebenzi yakhe eminingi ngesiJalimane, yize ayekhuluma kahle eCzech. Njengomthetho, imisebenzi yakhe yagcwala ukwesaba umhlaba wangaphandle nenkantolo ephakeme.
Ngenkathi incwadi yakhe isezandleni zomfundi, wayebuye "angenwe" ukukhathazeka futhi aphelelwe yithemba. Njengesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esicashile, uKafka wachaza ngokucophelela iqiniso langempela lomhlaba, esebenzisa ukuguquguquka okucacile kokufanekisa.
Thatha nje indaba yakhe edumile ethi "The Metamorphosis", lapho umlingiswa oyinhloko ephenduka inambuzane enkulu. Ngaphambi kokuguquka kwakhe, lo mlingiswa wayehola imali enhle futhi enakekela umndeni wakhe, kodwa lapho eba yisinambuzane, izihlobo zakhe zamfulathela.
Babengenandaba nomhlaba omuhle wangaphakathi womlingiswa. Izihlobo zethuke kwaphela nasozwaneni ngokubukeka kwakhe nokuhlukumezeka okungabekezeleleki azilahle ngokungazi, okubandakanya ukuphelelwa ngumsebenzi nokungakwazi ukuzinakekela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uFranz Kafka akazichazi izehlakalo ezaholela ekuguqulweni okunje, edonsela ukunaka komfundi eqinisweni uqobo lwalokho okwenzekile.
Futhi ngemuva kokushona kombhali, kwashicilelwa amanoveli ama-2 ayisisekelo - "The Trial" kanye "The Castle". Kuyiqiniso ukuthi zombili lezi zinoveli zahlala zingakaqedwa. Umsebenzi wokuqala wadalwa ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, lapho uKafka ehlukana nomuntu amthandayo uFelicia Bauer futhi wazibona njengomsolwa okweleta wonke umuntu.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uFranz wayala uMax Brod ukuba ashise yonke imisebenzi yakhe. Isithandwa sakhe, uDora Diamant, empeleni ushise yonke imisebenzi kaKafka ayenayo. Kepha u-Brod akalalelanga intando kamufi futhi washicilela iningi lemisebenzi yakhe, eyaqala ngokushesha ukuvusa intshisekelo enkulu emphakathini.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UKafka wayebukhali kakhulu ekubukekeni kwakhe. Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokuya eyunivesithi, wayekwazi ukuma phambi kwesibuko amahora amaningi, ahlole ngokucophelela ubuso bakhe futhi enze isitayela sezinwele zakhe. Kulabo ababemzungezile, lo mfana wenza umbono womuntu ococekile futhi ongakhathazekile onobuhlakani nomqondo othile wokuhlekisa.
Indoda ezacile futhi ezacile, uFranz wayegcina isimo sakhe futhi edlala imidlalo njalo. Kodwa-ke wayengenayo inhlanhla ngabesifazane, yize bengazange bamphuce ukunakwa kwabo.
Isikhathi eside uFranz Kafka wayengenabo ubudlelwano obuseduze nabobulili obuhlukile, kuze kube yilapho abangane bemletha endaweni yezifebe. Ngenxa yalokho, esikhundleni senjabulo eyayilindelwe, wezwa ukunengeka okujulile ngokwenzekile.
UKafka wayephila impilo yokuzincisha kakhulu. Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1912-1917. wayethembisene umshado kabili noFelicia Bauer futhi wakuchitha ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kaningi njengokungathi wayesaba impilo yomndeni. Kamuva waba nobudlelwano nomhumushi wezincwadi zakhe - uMilena Yessenskaya. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu akufikanga emshadweni.
Ukufa
UKafka uphethwe yizifo eziningi ezingamahlalakhona. Ngaphandle kofuba, ubephethwe yimigraines, ukuqwasha, ukuqunjelwa nezinye izifo. Wathuthukisa impilo yakhe ngokudla imifino, ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokuphuza ubisi oluningi.
Kodwa-ke, akukho kulokhu okungenhla okusize umlobi ukuqeda izifo zakhe. Ngo-1923 waya eBerlin noDora Diamant othile, lapho ahlela khona ukugxila ekubhaleni kuphela. Lapha impilo yakhe yawohloka nakakhulu.
Ngenxa yesifo sofuba esiqhubekayo somphimbo, le ndoda yezwa ubuhlungu obukhulu kangangoba yayingakwazi ukudla. UFranz Kafka ushone ngoJuni 3, 1924 eneminyaka engama-40. Isizathu sokufa kwakhe kusobala ukuthi kwakukhathele.
Izithombe ze-Kafka
