Torquemada

UThomas de Torquemada (Torquemada; 1420-1498) - umsunguli wokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki waseSpain, iNkantolo eNkulu yokuqala yaseSpain. Wayengumsunguli wokushushiswa kwamaMoor namaJuda eSpain.

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaTorquemada, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaThomas de Torquemada.

Umlando we-Torquemada

UThomas de Torquemada wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 14, 1420 edolobheni laseSpain iValladolid. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini kaJuan Torquemada, ungqongqoshe we-oda laseDominican, owake wahlanganyela eConstance Cathedral.

Ngendlela, umsebenzi oyinhloko wesonto elikhulu kwakungukuqeda ukuhlukaniswa kweSonto LamaKatolika. Eminyakeni emi-4 eyalandela, abamele abefundisi bakwazile ukuxazulula izingqinamba eziningi ezihlobene nokuvuselelwa kwesonto nemfundiso yesonto. Yamukela imibhalo emibili ebalulekile.

Owokuqala wathi umkhandlu, omele lonke isonto lendawo yonke, unegunya eliphakeme kakhulu alinikezwe nguKristu, futhi wonke umuntu ubophezelekile ukuzithoba kuleli gunya. Kweyesibili, kwabikwa ukuthi umkhandlu uzoqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile.

Umalume kaThomas wayeyisazi sezenkolo esidumile kanye nekhadinali uJuan de Torquemada, okhokho bakhe babengamaJuda abhapathiziwe. Ngemuva kokuba le nsizwa ithole imfundo yezenkolo, yangena kwi-Dominican oda.

Lapho uTorquemada efika eminyakeni engama-39, wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba induna yesigodlo saseSanta Cruz la Real. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ndoda yayihlukaniswa nendlela yokuphila yokuzincisha.

Kamuva, uThomas Torquemada waba ngumeluleki ongokomoya weNdlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo u-Isabella 1 waseCastile. Wenza imizamo eminingi yokuqinisekisa ukuthi u-Isabella uhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi futhi washada noFerdinand 2 wase-Aragon, lowo umshushisi wamacala waba nethonya elikhulu kuye.

Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi uTorquemada wayeyisazi esihle kakhulu emkhakheni wezenkolo. Wayenesimo esinzima nesingaguquguquki, futhi wayebuye abe ngumlandeli wamaKatolika. Ngenxa zonke lezi zimfanelo, wakwazi ukuthonya ngisho uPapa.

Ngo-1478, ngokucela kukaFerdinand no-Isabella, uPapa wamisa eSpain iTribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, waqoka uThomas njengo-Grand Inquisitor.

UTorquemada wanikwa umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa abaholi bezepolitiki nabezenkolo. Ngalesi sizathu, wenza izinguquko eziningana futhi wandisa imisebenzi yeNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki.

Esinye sezazi-mlando sangaleso sikhathi, okwakuthiwa nguSebastian de Olmedo, sakhuluma ngoThomas Torquemada "njengesando sabaphikisi" nomsindisi waseSpain. Kodwa-ke, namuhla igama lomshushisi wecala liye laba igama lomuntu oshisekela inkolo ononya.

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza

Ukuqeda inkulumo-ze eyimbuka, uTorquemada, njengabanye abefundisi baseYurophu, wacela ukuthi kushiswe izincwadi ezingezona ezobuKatolika, ikakhulukazi ababhali bamaJuda nabama-Arabhu. Ngakho-ke, wazama ukungangcolisi izingqondo zabantu bakubo ngokuhlubuka.

Isazi-mlando sokuqala sokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, uJuan Antonio Llorente, uthi ngenkathi uTomás Torquemada eyinhloko yeKhansela Elingcwele, abantu abangu-8 800 bashiswa bephila eSpain kwathi abangaba ngu-27 000 bahlukunyezwa.

Ngandlela thile, ngenxa yemizamo kaTorquemada, kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa kabusha imibuso yaseCastile ne-Aragon ibe umbuso owodwa - iSpain. Ngenxa yalokho, izwe elalisanda kwakhiwa laba elinye lamazwe anethonya elikhulu eYurophu.

Ukufa

Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-15 esebenza njengoGrand Inquisitor, uThomas Torquemada wadlula emhlabeni ngoSepthemba 16, 1498 eneminyaka engama-77. Ithuna lakhe laphangwa ngo-1832, eminyakeni embalwa nje ngaphambi kokuQedwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki ekugcineni.

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo kuthiwa amathambo alo mlisa kuthiwa entshontshiwe ashiswa esigxotsheni.