UHenry Alfred Kissinger (igama lokuzalwa - UHeinz Alfred Kissinger; owazalwa ngo-1923) uyisikhulu sezwe laseMelika, idiplomat kanye nochwepheshe ebuhlotsheni bamazwe ngamazwe.
Umeluleki Wezokuphepha Kazwelonke wase-U.S. (1969-1975) kanye noNobhala Wezangaphandle wase-U.S. (1973-1977). Umklomelo weNobel Peace Prize.
UKissinger uthathe indawo yokuqala ekuklelisweni kwabafundi abaphambili be-TOP-100 emhlabeni ngokwenani labashiwo kwabezindaba, elihlanganiswe yijaji laseChicago uRichard Posner.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaKissinger, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaHenry Kissinger.
Umlando we-Kissinger
UHenry Kissinger wazalwa ngoMeyi 27, 1923 edolobheni laseJalimane iFürth. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ongokwenkolo wamaJuda. Uyise, uLouis, wayenguthisha wesikole, futhi umama wakhe, uPaula Stern, wayezibandakanya ekugcinweni kwezindlu nasekukhuliseni izingane. Wayenomfowabo omncane, uWalter.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Lapho uHenry eneminyaka engaba ngu-15 ubudala, yena nomndeni wakhe bathuthela e-United States, besaba ukushushiswa amaNazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngunina owaphikelela ngokushiya iJalimane.
Njengoba kwenzeka kamuva, izihlobo zikaKissinger ezasala eJalimane zizobhujiswa ngesikhathi sokuQothulwa Kwesizwe. Lapho sifika eMelika, umndeni wahlala eManhattan. Ngemva kokufunda unyaka esikoleni sendawo, uHenry wanquma ukudlulisela emnyangweni wakusihlwa, ngoba wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi enkampanini lapho kwakhiqizwa khona amabhulashi okushefa.
Lapho esethole isitifiketi, uKissinger waba ngumfundi eCity College yasendaweni, lapho afunda khona ubuchwepheshe be-accountant. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945), umfana oneminyaka engu-20 wabuthelwa empini.
Ngenxa yalokho, uHenry waya phambili ngaphandle kokuphothula izifundo zakhe. Ngesikhathi eqeqeshwa ebusosheni, wakhombisa ukuhlakanipha okuphezulu nokucabanga kwamasu. Umyalo wakhe wolimi lwesiJalimane wamsiza ekwenzeni imisebenzi eminingi yezobunhloli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKissinger wazibonakalisa njengesosha elinesibindi elalibamba iqhaza ezimpini ezinzima. Ngemisebenzi yakhe, wanikezwa isikhundla se-sergeant. Ngenkathi esebenza emkhakheni wobukrelekrele, wakwazi ukulandela umkhondo wezikhulu eziningi zamaGestapo futhi wakhomba ama-saboteurs amaningi, anikezwa kuwo inkanyezi yethusi.
NgoJuni 1945, uHenry Kissinger wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba umphathi wamayunithi. Ngonyaka olandelayo wabelwa ukuyofundisa eSikoleni Sezobunhloli, lapho asebenza khona omunye unyaka.
Ngemuva kokuphothula inkonzo yakhe yezempi, uKissinger wangena eHarvard College, ngemuva kwalokho waba yiBachelor of Arts. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi ithisisisi yomfundi - "Incazelo Yomlando", ithathe amakhasi angama-388 futhi yathathwa njengesiqephu esivelele kunazo zonke emlandweni waleli kolishi.
Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1952-1954. UHenry wazuza i-MA ne-Ph.D yakhe eHarvard University.
Umsebenzi
Njengomfundi, uKissinger wayekhathazekile ngenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi wahlela ingqungquthela yokuxoxisana eyunivesithi.
Bekuhanjelwe abaholi abasebasha abavela emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika, abebezwakalisa imibono elwa nobukhomanisi futhi befuna ukuqiniswa kwesikhundla seMelika ezingeni lomhlaba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izingqungquthela ezinjalo zazibanjwa njalo eminyakeni engama-20 eyalandela.
Lo mfundi onethalente waba nentshisekelo kwi-CIA, eyanikeza uKissinger ngosizo lwezezimali. Ngemuva kokuphothula eyunivesithi, waqala ukufundisa.
Ngokushesha uHenry wakhethwa ukuba abe nguSihlalo kaHulumeni. Ngaleyo minyaka wayebandakanyeka ekwakhiweni koHlelo Lokucwaninga Ngezokuvikela. Kwakwenzelwe ukweluleka izikhulu ezihola phambili zamasosha nezikhulu.
UKissinger wayengumqondisi walolu hlelo kusuka ngo-1958 kuya ku-1971. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waphathiswa isikhundla sokuba ngumeluleki eKomidini Lokuxhumanisa Ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasebenza eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha Wezikhali Zokuphepha, engomunye wochwepheshe abanegunya kakhulu kulo mkhakha.
Umphumela womsebenzi wakhe kwiKomidi Lezokuphepha Likazwelonke kwaba yincwadi ethi "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy", eyalethela uHenry Kissinger ukuthandwa kakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi wayephikisana nanoma yiziphi izinsongo ezinkulu.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50 kwavulwa iCentre for International Relations, abafundi bayo ababengaba ngosopolitiki. UHenry wasebenza lapha iminyaka engaba mibili njengephini lemenenja. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, lolu hlelo lwakha isisekelo sokwakhiwa kweNATO.
Ezombusazwe
Kwezombusazwe ezinkulu, uHenry Kissinger wazibonakalisa engungoti wangempela, owalalelwa umbono wakhe nguMbusi waseNew York uNelson Rockefeller, kanye noMongameli u-Eisenhower, uKennedy noJohnson.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndoda yeluleke amalungu eKomidi Elihlangene, i-US National Security Council kanye ne-US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Lapho uRichard Nixon eba ngumongameli waseMelika, wenza uHenry waba yisandla sakhe sokudla ekuphepheni kwezwe.
UKissinger ubuye wasebenza ebhodini leRockefeller Brothers Foundation, esebenza ebhodini leChase Manhattan Bank. Impumelelo esemqoka yediplomate ibhekwa njengokwakha ubudlelwano phakathi kwemibuso emithathu enamandla - i-USA, i-USSR ne-PRC.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iChina ikwazile ngezinga elithile ukunciphisa izingxabano zenuzi phakathi kweMelika neSoviet Union. Kwakungaphansi kukaHenry Kissinger lapho kwasayinwa isivumelwano phakathi kwamakhanda e-USSR ne-USA maqondana nokwehliswa kwezikhali zamasu.
UHenry wazibonakalisa engumgcini wokuthula ngesikhathi sezingxabano phakathi kwePalestine no-Israyeli ngo-1968 no-1973. Wenza yonke imizamo yokuqeda ingxabano yase-US neVietnam, anikezwa yona iNobel Peace Prize (1973).
Eminyakeni eyalandela, uKissinger wayematasa ngezinkinga eziphathelene nokusungulwa kobudlelwano emazweni ahlukahlukene. Njengosomaqhinga onethalente, ukwazile ukuxazulula izingqinamba eziningi ebezinempikiswano ezibe nomthelela ekunciphisweni kwezikhali.
Imizamo kaHenry yaholela ekusungulweni kobumbano olwa neSoviet American-Chinese, olwaqinisa isikhundla seMelika ezinhlakeni zamazwe omhlaba. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kumaShayina wabona usongo olukhulu kakhulu ezweni lakhe kunaseRussia.
Eminyakeni eyalandela yomlando wakhe, uKissinger wayephethe isikhundla sikamongameli njengoNobhala Wombuso ngaphansi kwabo bobabili uRichard Nixon noGerald Ford. Washiya umsebenzi womphakathi ngo-1977 kuphela.
Ulwazi nokuhlangenwe nakho kommeli kwakudingeka ngokushesha uRonald Reagan noGeorge W. Bush, ababefuna ukuthola ukuzwana noMikhail Gorbachev.
Ngemuva kokusula emsebenzini
Ekupheleni kuka-2001, kwaphela amasonto ama-2,5, uHenry Kissinger engusihlalo weKhomishini Ephenya ngokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngoSepthemba 11, 2001. Ngo-2007, ekanye nabanye ozakwabo, wasayina incwadi enxusa i-US Congress ukuthi ingakuvumeli ukubulawa kwabantu base-Armenia.
UHenry Kissinger ungumbhali wezincwadi nezindatshana eziningi ngeMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ubungxiwankulu, ubukhomanisi kanye nezindaba zezepolitiki. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukutholakala kokuthula emhlabeni kuzotholakala ngokuthuthukiswa kwentando yeningi kuzo zonke izifundazwe zomhlaba.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, imibhalo eminingi yadalulwa ekhombisa ukuthi uHenry wayebandakanyekile ekuhleleni umsebenzi okhethekile weCondor, lapho izikhulu eziphikisayo ezivela emazweni aseNingizimu Melika zaqedwa. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lokhu kwaholela ekusungulweni kobushiqela basePinochet eChile.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaKissinger kwakungu-Ann Fleicher. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunomfana, uDavid, nentombazane, u-Elizabeth. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-15 beshadile, lo mbhangqwana wanquma ukuhlukanisa ngo-1964.
Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, uHenry washada noNancy Maginness, owayesebenze iminyaka engaba ngu-15 enkampanini yokubonisana nomyeni wakhe wakusasa. Namuhla lo mbhangqwana uhlala esithabathabeni somuzi esizimele eConnecticut.
UHenry Kissinger namuhla
Unxusa uyaqhubeka nokweluleka izikhulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Uyilungu elihloniphekile leqembu elidumile lase-Bilderberg. Ngo-2016, uKissinger wangeniswa eRussian Academy of Sciences.
Ngemuva kokuthi iRussia ithathe iCrimea, uHenry wasigxeka isenzo sikaPutin, emnxusa ukuba abone ubukhosi base-Ukraine.
Izithombe zeKissinger
