UVasily Ivanovich Chapaev (Chepaev; 1887-1919) - obambe iqhaza eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala kanye neMpi Yombango, ophethe uphiko lweRed Army.
Ngenxa yencwadi kaDmitry Furmanov "Chapaev" nefilimu enegama elifanayo ngabazalwane baseVasiliev, kanye nama-anecdotes amaningi, wayengomunye wabantu abadumile kakhulu bomlando wangesikhathi seMpi Yombango eRussia.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography yeChapaev, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaVasily Chapaev.
Umlando kaChapaev
UVasily Chapaev wazalwa ngoJanuwari 28 (9 Febhuwari), 1887 edolobhaneni laseBudaike (esifundazweni saseKazan). Wakhulela emkhayeni ongumlimi wombazi u-Ivan Stepanovich. Wayengowesithathu ezinganeni eziyi-9 kubazali bakhe, abane babo abashona besebancane.
Lapho uVasily cishe eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, yena nomndeni wakhe bathuthela esifundazweni saseSamara, esasidume ngokuhweba okusanhlamvu. Lapha waqala ukufunda isikole sepherishi, afunda kuso cishe iminyaka emithathu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uChapaev Sr. uthathe ngamabomu indodana yakhe kulesi sikole ngenxa yesigameko esibi. Ebusika bango-1901, uVasily wafakwa esitokisini sokujeziswa ngokwephula umthetho, wamshiya engenazo izingubo zangaphandle. Umfana wethukile wacabanga ukuthi angafa amakhaza uma othisha bengamkhohlwa ngokuzumayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, uVasily Chapaev waphula iwindi futhi wagxuma esuka endaweni ephakeme. Wakwazi kuphela ukusinda ngenxa yokuba khona kweqhwa elijulile, elanciphisa ukuwa kwakhe. Lapho efika ekhaya, ingane yatshela abazali bayo ngakho konke futhi yagula isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubaba waqala ukufundisa indodana yakhe ubuciko bokubaza. Ngemuva kwalokho le nsizwa yabuthelwa empini, kodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha yadedelwa ngenxa yeva esweni. Kamuva, wavula indawo yokusebenzela yokulungisa amathuluzi ezolimo.
Umbutho wezempi
Ngemuva kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918), uChapaev waphinde wabizelwa inkonzo, ayesebenza ebuthweni elihamba ngezinyawo. Ngesikhathi seminyaka yempi, wasuka esikhungweni esincane esasingathunyelwanga waya kusayitsheni-sikhulu, ekhombisa ukuthi uyiqhawe elinesibindi.
Ngemisebenzi yakhe, uVasily Chapaev wanikezwa indondo yaseSt.George neziphambano zikaSt.George ze-4, 3, 2 ne-1 degrees. Wabamba iqhaza empumelelweni edumile yaseBrusilov nokuvinjezelwa kwePrzemysl. Isosha lathola amanxeba amaningi, kepha isikhathi ngasinye lalibuyela emsebenzini walo.
Impi yezikhali
Ngokwenguqulo esabalele, indima kaChapaev eMpini Yombango ihaba kakhulu. Uthole ukuthandwa kakhulu yiRussia ngenxa yencwadi kaDmitry Furmanov, obesebenza esigabeni sikaVasily Ivanovich njengokhomishina, kanye nefilimu ethi "Chapaev".
Noma kunjalo, umkhuzi wayevezwe ngempela ngesibindi nangesibindi, ngenxa yalokho ayenegunya phakathi kwababengaphansi kwakhe. I-RSDLP (b), ayijoyina ngo-1917, kwakungelona iqembu lokuqala ku-biography kaChapaev. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wakwazi ukusebenzisana namaSocialist-Revolutionaries kanye nama-anarchists.
Ukujoyina amaBolsheviks, uVasily wakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha umsebenzi wezempi. Ekuqaleni kuka-1918 waqondisa ukusakazwa kwemoto yaseNikolaev. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakwazi ukucindezela izibhelu eziningana ezilwa namaSoviet nokwakha isifunda iRed Guard. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wahlela kabusha lezi zinhlaka emabuthweni eRed Army.
Ngenkathi umbuso weSoviet uchithwa eSamara ngoJuni 1918, lokhu kwaholela ekugqashukeni kweMpi Yombango. NgoJulayi, ama-White Czechs aphatha i-Ufa, iBugulma neSyran. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, iRed Army ngaphansi kobuholi bukaChapaev yaphinde yathumba uNikolaevsk kwabaMhlophe.
Ebusika bonyaka olandelayo, uVasily Ivanovich waya eMoscow, lapho kwakufanele "athuthukise iziqu zakhe" esikoleni samasosha. Kodwa-ke, le ndoda yasheshe yeqa kuye, ngoba yayingafuni ukuchitha isikhathi etafuleni lakhe.
Ebuyela phambili, wavuka esikhundleni sokuba umphathi we-25th Infantry Division, eyayilwa namasosha aseKolchak. Ngesikhathi sezimpi ze-Ufa, uChapaev walimala ekhanda. Kamuva waklonyeliswa nge-Order of Red Banner.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Encwadini yakhe, uFurmanov uchaza uVasily Chapaev njengendoda enezandla ezinomusa, ubuso obukhanyayo namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Empilweni yakhe yangasese, le ndoda yazuza ukunqoba okuncane kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Phakathi neminyaka yokuphila kwakhe siqu, uChapaev washada kabili. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi womabili amakhosikazi abizwa ngePelagey. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kokubili nentombazane yesibili ayikwazanga ukuhlala iqotho kumlawuli wesigaba.
Unkosikazi wokuqala, uPelageya Metlina, washiyela umyeni wakhe umsebenzi wesitimela samahhashi eSaratov, kwathi owesibili uPelageya Kamishkertseva wamkhohlisa ngenhloko yesitoreji sezinhlamvu.
Kusukela emshadweni wakhe wokuqala, uVasily Chapaev wayenabantwana abathathu: u-Alexander, Arkady noClaudia. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indoda nayo ayizange ihlale ithembekile kubafazi bayo. Ngesinye isikhathi waba nokuthandana nendodakazi kaCossack colonel.
Ngemuva kwalokho, leli phoyisa lathandana nonkosikazi kaFurmanov, u-Anna Steshenko. Ngalesi sizathu, kwakuqubuka izingxabano phakathi kweRed Army. Lapho uJoseph Stalin ecela ukwehlukanisa ifilimu ethi "Chapaev" ngomugqa wothando, uSsethenko, njengombhali-mbhali wombhalo, wanikeza umlingiswa wesifazane kuphela igama lakhe.
Yile ndlela u-Anka machine gunner adume ngayo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uPetka wayengumfanekiso oqoqiwe wamaqabane wokulwa ama-3 womlawuli wesigaba: uKamishkertsev, Kosykh no-Isaev.
Ukufa
Abaningi basakholelwa ukuthi uChapaev waminza eMfuleni i-Ural, esethole inxeba elibi ngaphambi kwalokho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukufa okunjalo kuboniswe kule filimu. Nokho, isidumbu somkhuzi odumile asizange singcwatshwe emanzini kodwa emhlabeni.
Ngokuziphindiselela kuVasily Ivanovich, i-White Guard Colonel Borodin yahlela iqembu elikhethekile lempi. NgoSepthemba 1919, abamhlophe bahlasela idolobha laseLbischensk, lapho kwaqala khona impi enzima. Kule mpi, isosha leRed Army lalimala engalweni nasesiswini.
Ozakwabo baphathisa abalimele uChapaev ngaphesheya komfula. Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi wayeseshonile. UVasily Chapaev ushone ngoSepthemba 5, 1919 eneminyaka engama-32. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba ukulahleka okukhulu kwegazi.
IComrades esezingalweni yamba ithuna esihlabathini ngezandla yaze yayifihla ezitheni ngomhlanga. Kusukela namuhla, indawo okusolwa ukuthi ingcwatshwe kuyo le ndoda igcwele amanzi ngenxa yokushintsha kwesiteshi se-Urals.
Izithombe zeChapaev
