Tacitus

UPubliyu (noma uGuy) UCornelius Tacitus (c. 120) - Isazi-mlando sasendulo saseRoma, ongomunye wababhali abadume kakhulu besikhathi esidala, umbhali wemisebenzi emincane emi-3 (Agricola, Germany, Dialogue about Orators) kanye nemisebenzi emikhulu emi-2 yomlando (Umlando kanye nama-Annal).

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaTacitus, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaPublius Cornelius Tacitus.

Umlando kaTacitus

Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kukaTacitus alukaziwa. Wazalwa maphakathi no-50s. Iningi lababhali bama-biographer linikeza izinsuku eziphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 nengama-58.

Indawo yokuzalwa yesazi-mlando nayo ayaziwa, kepha kunenkolelo evamile ukuthi kwakuyiNarbonne Gaul - esinye sezifundazwe zoMbuso WaseRoma.

Sazi okuncane ngokuphila kwasekuqaleni kukaTacitus. Ubaba wakhe uvame ukukhonjwa nomphathi uCornelius Tacitus. Isazi-mlando esizayo sathola imfundo enhle yokukhuluma.

Kukholakala ukuthi uTacitus wafunda ubuciko bokukhuluma kusuka kuQuintilian, futhi kamuva kuMark Apra noJulius Secundus. Wazibonakalisa engumkhulumeli onethalente ebusheni bakhe, ngenxa yalokho wayethandwa kakhulu emphakathini. Maphakathi nama-70s, umsebenzi wakhe waqala ukukhula ngokushesha.

UTacitus osemncane wayesebenza njengomkhulumeli wokwahlulela, futhi ngokushesha wazithola eseSenate, eyayikhuluma ngokuthembela kombusi kuye. Ngo-88 waba umbusi, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-9 wakwazi ukufeza ubunhloli obuphakeme kakhulu be-consul.

Umlando

Lapho esefinyelele ekuphakameni okukhulu kwezepolitiki, uTacitus uqobo wakubona ukuba nguzwilakhe kwababusi, kanye nokuthothuka kwamalungu esenenja. Ngemuva kokubulawa kombusi uDomitian nokudluliswa kwamandla kubukhosi bakwa-Antonine, isazi-mlando sanquma ngokuningiliziwe, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - ngokweqiniso, ukuchaza izehlakalo zamashumi eminyaka adlule.

UTacitus wacwaninga ngokucophelela yonke imithombo engaba khona, ezama ukunikeza ukuhlolwa okulinganiselwe kwezibalo nemicimbi ehlukahlukene. Wayegwema ngamabomu izinkulumo nezitatimende ezingekho emthethweni ngamabomu, encamela ukuchaza leyo nto ngemishwana ye-laconic necacile.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuzama ukwethula okuyiqiniso, uTacitus wayevame ukukhomba ukuthi umthombo othile wolwazi ungahle ungahambelani neqiniso.

Ngenxa yethalente lakhe lokubhala, ukutadisha ngokujulile imithombo kanye nokudalulwa kwesithombe esingokwengqondo sabantu abahlukahlukene, namuhla uTacitus uvame ukubizwa ngesazi-mlando esingumRoma esikhulu kunazo zonke ngesikhathi sakhe.

Ngesikhathi sokuphila kuka-97-98. UTacitus wethule umsebenzi obizwa nge-Agricola, owawunikezelwe kwi-biography yomukhwe wakhe uGnei Julius Agricola. Ngemuva kwalokho, washicilela incwadi encane "iJalimane", lapho echaza uhlelo lwezenhlalo, inkolo nempilo yezizwe zamaJalimane.

Ngemuva kwalokho uPublius Tacitus washicilela umsebenzi omkhulu "Umlando", onikezelwe ezenzakalweni zika-68-96. Phakathi kokunye, lalitshela ngalokho okuthiwa - "unyaka wababusi abane." Iqiniso ukuthi kusuka ku-68 kuya ku-69, kwabusa ama-4 eMbusweni WaseRoma: iGalba, i-Otho, i-Vitellius neVespasian.

Enkulumweni ethi "Dialogue about Orators" uTacitus utshele umfundi ngengxoxo yezikhulumi eziningana ezidumile zaseRoma, ngomsebenzi wakhe wobuciko nendawo yakhe enesizotha emphakathini.

Umsebenzi wokugcina futhi omkhulu kunayo yonke kaPublius Cornelius Tacitus yi-Annals, eyabhalwa nguye eminyakeni yokugcina yomlando wakhe. Lo msebenzi wawuqukethe izincwadi ezingu-16, futhi mhlawumbe nezingu-18. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphansi kwesigamu sezincwadi kugcinwe ngokuphelele kuze kube namuhla.

Ngakho-ke, uTacitus wasishiyela izincazelo eziningiliziwe zokubusa kukaTiberius noNero, abaphakathi kwababusi bamaRoma abadume kakhulu.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ama-Annal asitshela ngokushushiswa nokubulawa kwamaKristu okuqala ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNero - obunye bobufakazi bokuqala bokuzimela ngoJesu Kristu.

Imibhalo kaPublius Cornelius Tacitus iqukethe ukuvakasha okuningana kwejografi, umlando kanye nokuziphatha kwabantu abahlukahlukene.

Ngokuhambisana nezinye izazi-mlando, wabiza abanye abantu ngamaqaba, ababekude namaRoma athuthukile. Ngasikhathi sinye, isazi-mlando sasivame ukukhuluma ngokufaneleka kwabathile abangamaqaba.

UTacitus wayengumsekeli wokulondolozwa kwamandla eRoma phezu kwabanye abantu. Ngenkathi eseSenethi, wasekela izikweletu ezazikhuluma ngesidingo sokugcina ukuhleleka okuqinile ezifundazweni. Kodwa-ke waveza ukuthi abaphathi bezifundazwe akumele bachemele abangaphansi kwabo.

Imibono Yezombusazwe

UTacitus ukhombe izinhlobo ezintathu zikahulumeni: ubukhosi, ubukhosi nentando yeningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, wayengasekeli noyedwa wabo, egxeka zonke izinhlobo zikahulumeni ezibalulwe.

UPublius Cornelius Tacitus naye wayenombono ongemuhle ngeSigele SaseRoma ayesazi. Wakubeka obala ukuthi izigelekeqe ngandlela thile ziyakhothama phambi kombusi.

Uhlobo lukahulumeni olwaphumelela kakhulu, uTacitus wabiza uhlelo lwe-republican, yize naye engazange aluthathe njengolulungile. Noma kunjalo, ngesakhiwo esinjalo emphakathini, kulula kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ubulungiswa nezimfanelo ezinhle ezakhamuzini, kanye nokuzuza ukulingana.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Cishe akukho lutho olwaziwa ngempilo yakhe yangasese, kanye nangezinye izici eziningi zomlando wakhe. Ngokwamadokhumende asekhona, wayeshade nendodakazi yomholi wamasosha uGnei, uJulius Agricola, okwakunguyena owasungula umshado.

Ukufa

Usuku ngqo lokushona kwesikhulumi alwaziwa. Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi uTacitus wafa ca. 120 noma kamuva. Uma lokhu kuyiqiniso, ukufa kwakhe kwawela ekubuseni kuka-Adrian.