UMuhammad Ali (igama langempela UCassius Marcellus Clay; 1942-2016) ungumshayisibhakela okhokhelwayo waseMelika owayencintisana esigabeni sosondonzima. Omunye wabashayisibhakela abakhulu emlandweni wesibhakela.
Iqhawe Multiple imincintiswano ehlukahlukene international. Ngokusho kwemibhalo eminingi yezemidlalo, waziwa njengo "Sportsman of the Century".
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaMuhammad Ali, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaMuhammad Ali.
Umlando ka-Muhammad Ali
UCassius Clay Jr., owaziwa kangcono njengoMuhammad Ali, wazalwa ngoJanuwari 17, 1942 edolobheni laseMelika iLouisville (Kentucky).
Umshayisibhakela wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini womculi wezimpawu namaphosta uCassius Clay, nomkakhe u-Odessa Clay. Unomfowabo, uRudolph, naye ozoshintsha igama lakhe ngokuzayo futhi azozibiza ngoRahman Ali.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubaba kaMuhammad wayefisa ukuba ngumculi oqeqeshiwe, kepha wayehola imali ikakhulukazi ngokudweba izimpawu. Umama wayehlanganyela ekuhlanzeni izindlu zemindeni ecebile yabelungu.
Yize umndeni kaMuhammad Ali wawuphakathi futhi uphansi kakhulu kunabamhlophe, wawungathathwa njengesinxibi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, abazali iqhawe esizayo wakwazi ukuthenga cottage nesizotha $ 4500.
Noma kunjalo, ngalesi sikhathi, ukucwaswa ngokobuhlanga kwavela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. UMuhammad wakwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezishaqisayo zokungalingani ngokobuhlanga.
Ekukhuleni kwakhe, uMuhammad Ali uyavuma ukuthi ngesikhathi esemncane wayehlala ekhala embhedeni ngoba wayengazwisisi ukuthi kungani abamnyama babebizwa ngabantu besigaba esiphansi kakhulu.
Ngokusobala, umzuzu ocacile ekwakhekeni kombono wezwe osemusha kwakuyindaba kababa ngomfana omnyama ogama lakhe lingu-Emmett Louis Till, owabulawa ngesihluku ngenxa yenzondo yobuhlanga, futhi ababulali abakaze baboshwe.
Lapho kwebiwa ibhayisikili ku-Ali oneminyaka engu-12, wayefuna ukuthola izigebengu azishaye. Kodwa-ke, iphoyisa elimhlophe futhi ngasikhathi sinye umqeqeshi wesibhakela uJoe Martin wamtshela ukuthi "ngaphambi kokuthi ushaye umuntu, kufanele uqale ufunde ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani."
Ngemuva kwalokho, le nsizwa yanquma ukufunda isibhakela ngokuya ekuqeqesheni nomfowabo.
Ejimini, uMuhammad wayevame ukuhlukumeza abafana futhi amemeze ukuthi wayengumpetha wesibhakela ohamba phambili nompetha wesikhathi esizayo. Ngalesi sizathu, umqeqeshi wamkhipha ephindelela umfana omnyama ejimini ukuze aphole futhi azihlanganise.
Ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu, u-Ali wangena eringini okokuqala. Le mpi yasakazwa ku-TV ohlelweni lwe-TV "i-Future Champions".
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi imbangi kaMuhammad ibingumshayisibhakela omhlophe. Ngaphandle kokuthi u-Ali wayemncane kunomphikisi wakhe futhi enamava amancane, wavela enqobile kule mpi.
Ekupheleni kwempi, lo mfana waqala ukumemeza ekhamera ukuthi uzoba ngumshayi sibhakela omkhulu kunabo bonke.
Kwakungemva kwalokhu lapho kwafika khona ushintsho ku-biography kaMuhammad Ali. Waqala ukuziqeqesha kanzima, engaphuzi, engabhemi, futhi engazisebenzisi izidakamizwa.
Isibhakela
Ngo-1956, u-Ali oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala wawina iGolden Gloves Amateur Tournament. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi efunda esikoleni, wakwazi ukubamba izimpi eziyi-100, wahlulwa amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili kuphela.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi u-Ali wayempofu kakhulu esikoleni. Wake washiywa ngisho unyaka wesibili. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuncengelwa ngumqondisi, wayesekwazi ukuthola isitifiketi sokuhambela.
Ngo-1960, lo mshayisibhakela osemusha wathola isimemo sokubamba iqhaza emidlalweni yama-Olympic eyayiseRome.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uMuhammad wayesungule isitayela sakhe esidumile sokulwa. Iringi, "wasina" wazungeza umphikisi izandla phansi. Ngakho-ke, wacasula umphikisi wakhe ukuthi ahambise iziteleka ezifika kude, lapho akwazi khona ukugwema ngobuciko.
Abaqeqeshi nozakwabo baka-Ali babeligxeka leli qhinga, kepha umpetha wakusasa akazange asishintshe isitayela sakhe.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uMuhammad Ali wahlushwa i-aerophobia - ukwesaba ukundiza ezindizeni. Wayesaba kakhulu ukundizela eRoma waze wazithengela ipharashuthi wandiza khona.
Kuma-Olympics lo mshayisibhakela uzuze indondo yegolide ehlula uPole Zbigniew Petszikowski kowamanqamu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uZbigniew wayemdala ngeminyaka eyi-9 kuno-Ali, njengoba ayeke walwa cishe ngama-230 eringini.
Efika eMelika, uMuhammad akazange asuse indondo yakhe nangesikhathi ehamba emgwaqeni. Ngenkathi engena endaweni yokudlela enombala wendawo futhi ecela imenyu, umpetha wenqatshwa ukwesekwa ngisho nangemva kokukhombisa indondo yama-Olympic.
U-Ali wakhathazeka kakhulu, wathi, ephuma endaweni yokudlela, waphonsa indondo emfuleni. Ngo-1960, lo msubathi waqala ukuncintisana isibhakela okhokhelwayo, lapho imbangi yakhe yokuqala kwaba Tanny Hansecker.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kwempi, uMuhammad umemezele esidlangalaleni ukuthi nakanjani uzowunqoba, ebiza isitha sakhe ngokuthi yisikhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, wakwazi ukunqoba uTunney ngokulula.
Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Angelo Dundee waba ngumqeqeshi omusha ka-Ali, okwazile ukuthola indlela ewadini yakhe. Akazange asilolonge isibhakela kangangoba walungisa inqubo yakhe wanikeza nezeluleko.
Ngesikhathi somlando wakhe, uMuhammad Ali wayefuna ukwanelisa indlala yakhe yokomoya. Ngama-60s okuqala, wahlangana nomholi weSizwe samaSulumane, u-Elijah Muhammad.
Umsubathi wajoyina lo mphakathi, owawuthonya kakhulu ukwakheka kwakhe kobuntu.
U-Ali uqhubeke nokuthola ukunqoba eringini, futhi ngokuzithandela wadlulisa ikhomishini ekubhalisweni kwezempi nasehhovisi lokubhaliswa, kepha akazange amukelwe ebusosheni. Wehlulekile ukuphasa isivivinyo sobunhloli.
UMuhammad akakwazanga ukubala ukuthi umuntu usebenza amahora amangaki kusuka ngo-6: 00 kuye ku-15: 00, kucatshangelwa ihora lesidlo sasemini. Izindatshana eziningi zivele emaphephandabeni lapho isihloko se-intelligence esiphansi sebhokisi sasinehaba.
Ngokushesha u-Ali uzokwenza ihlaya: "Ngangithi ngingomkhulu kunabo bonke, hhayi owayekhaliphile kunabo bonke."
Esiwombeni sokuqala sika-1962, umshayisibhakela wawina ama-5 ngokunqoba ngomkhumulajezi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwaba nokulwa phakathi kukaMuhammad noHenry Cooper.
Imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokuphela komzuliswano wesi-4, uHenry wathumela u-Ali engqungqutheleni esindayo. Futhi uma abangane bakaMuhammad bengazange badabule iglavu lakhe lesibhakela, futhi ngalokho bengamvumeli ukuthi aphefumule, ukuphela kwempi bekungahluka ngokuphelele.
Ku-round 5, u-Ali wasika ishiya likaCooper ngesibhakela ngesandla, okwaholela ekutheni impi imiswe.
Umhlangano olandelayo phakathi kukaMuhammad noListon wawukhanya futhi unzima ngokweqile. U-Ali wadlula umpetha womhlaba obusayo, futhi kamuva waba ne-hematoma enkulu.
Ngomzuliswano wesine, ngokungalindelekile kuwo wonke umuntu, uMuhammad wacishe wayeka ukubona. Ukhale ngobuhlungu obunzima emehlweni akhe, kepha umqeqeshi wamncenga ukuthi aqhubeke nokulwa, anyakaze kakhulu eringini.
Ngomzuliswano wesihlanu, u-Ali uphinde wabona, ngemuva kwalokho waqala ukwenza uchungechunge lwezibhakela ezinembile. Ngenxa yalokho, maphakathi nomhlangano, uSonny wenqaba ukuqhubeka nokulwa.
Ngakho-ke, u-Muhammad Ali oneminyaka engama-22 waba ngumpetha omusha we-heavyweight. U-Ali ubengowesibili komunye eringini lesibhakela. Kamuva, uthathe umhlalaphansi esibhakeleni iminyaka emithathu, ebuya ngo-1970 kuphela.
Ngentwasahlobo yango-1971, kwenzeka lokho okubizwa nge- "Fight of the Century", phakathi kukaMohammad noJoe Fraser. Ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni, kwenziwa i-duel phakathi kompetha owayengakaze anqotshwe nompetha ongakaze anqotshwe.
Ngaphambi kokuhlangana no-Ali, ngendlela yakhe ejwayelekile, uthuke uFraser ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, embiza ngesiqhwaga nange gorilla.
UMuhammad wathembisa ukukhipha imbangi yakhe kumzuliswano wesi-6, kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga. UJoe othukuthele ulawula ukuhlaselwa kuka-Ali futhi wakhomba ephindelela ikhanda nomzimba walowo owayengumpetha.
Emzuliswaneni wokugcina, uFraser ushaye ngamandla ekhanda, ngemuva kwalokho u-Ali wawa ezinyaweni zakhe. Izethameli zazicabanga ukuthi ngeke isukume, kepha wayesenamandla anele okusukuma aqede impi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukunqoba kwaya kuJoe Fraser ngesinqumo esivumelanayo, esaba yisasasa langempela. Kamuva, kuzakuhlelwa impinda, lapho ukunqoba kuzobe sekuya khona kuMuhammad. Ngemuva kwalokho u-Ali wehlula uGeorge Foreman odumile.
Ngo-1975, kwaba nempi yesithathu phakathi kukaMuhammad noFraser, eyangena emlandweni njenge- "Thriller eManila".
U-Ali uthuke isitha kakhulu, eqhubeka nokukhombisa ukuphakama kwakhe.
Ngesikhathi kuliwa, bobabili abashayisibhakela bakhombise isibhakela esihle. Isinyathelo sidluliselwe komunye noma komunye umsubathi. Ekupheleni komhlangano, ukungqubuzana kwaphenduka "indlu yamasondo" yangempela.
Esiwombeni sokuqala, unompempe wayimisa impi, njengoba uFraser ayene-hematoma enkulu ngaphansi kweso lesobunxele. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Ali wathi ekhoneni lakhe wathi akasenawo amandla futhi ngeke akwazi ukuqhubeka nomhlangano.
Ukube unompempe ubengayimisanga impi, ngabe akwaziwa ukuthi bekungaba yini ukuphela kwayo. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, bobabili amasosha babesesimweni sokukhathala okukhulu.
Lo mcimbi uthole isikhundla se- "Fight of the Year" ngokusho kwephephabhuku lezemidlalo i- "The Ring".
Eminyakeni edlule yomlando wakhe wezemidlalo, uMuhammad Ali walwa izimpi ezingama-61, eshaya amagoli angama-56 (ama-37 ngokungqongqoza) futhi wahlulwa ama-5. Waba ngumpetha we-heavyweight ongenakuphikiswa emhlabeni (ngo-1964-1966, 1974-1978), wawina amahlandla ayisithupha isicoco se- "Boxer of the Year" kanye "neBoxer of the Decade"
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMuhammad Ali wayeshade amahlandla ama-4. Uhlukanisile nonkosikazi wakhe wokuqala ngenxa yokuthi wayenombono ongemuhle nge-Islam.
Unkosikazi wesibili uBelinda Boyd (ngemuva komshado kaKhalil Ali) wazala iqhawe lezingane ezi-4: indodana kaMuhammad, indodakazi kaMaryum namawele - uJamila noRashida.
Kamuva, lo mbhangqwana wahlukana, ngoba uKhalila wayengasakwazi ukubekezelela ukukhashelwa ngumyeni wakhe.
Ngokwesithathu, uMuhammad washada noVeronica Porsh, ahlala naye iminyaka engu-9. Kule nyunyana, amadodakazi amabili azalwa - uHana noLeila. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uLeila uzoba yingqwele yesibhakela emhlabeni ngokuzayo.
Ngo-1986, u-Ali washada no-Iolanta Williams. Lo mbhangqwana wamukela umfana oneminyaka engu-5 ogama lakhe lingu-Asaad.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uMuhammad wayesevele enesifo sikaParkinson. Uqale ukuzwa kahle, akhulume futhi wakhawulelwa ukunyakaza.
Lesi sifo esibi besingumphumela wemidlalo yesibhakela yale ndoda. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umshayisibhakela wayenamadodakazi amabili angekho emthethweni.
Ukufa
NgoJuni 2016, u-Ali waphuthunyiswa esibhedlela ngenxa yezinkinga zamaphaphu. Emini welashwa komunye wemitholampilo yaseScottsdale, kepha odokotela bahlulekile ukusindisa lo mshayisibhakela wodumo.
UMuhammad Ali ushone ngoJuni 3, 2016, eneminyaka engama-74.
Isithombe ngu-Muhammad Ali
