UDavid Gilbert (1862-1943) - Isazi sezibalo jikelele saseJalimane, saba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izindawo eziningi zezibalo.
Ilungu lama-academy ahlukahlukene wesayensi, kanye nowine i. UNI Lobachevsky. Wayengomunye wezibalo ezivelele phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe.
UHilbert ungumbhali we-axiomatics yokuqala ephelele ye-Euclidean geometry kanye nomqondo wezikhala zikaHilbert. Wenza igalelo elikhulu emfundisweni engaguquguquki, i-algebra ejwayelekile, i-physics yezibalo, ukulingana okuhlangene, kanye nezisekelo zezibalo.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaGilbert, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaDavid Hilbert.
Umlando kaGilbert
UDavid Hilbert wazalwa ngoJanuwari 23, 1862 edolobheni lasePrussian iKonigsberg. Ukhulele emndenini weJaji u-Otto Gilbert nonkosikazi wakhe uMaria Teresa.
Ngaphandle kwakhe, abazali bakaDavid babenentombazane egama lingu-Eliza.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngisho nangesikhathi esengumntwana, uGilbert wayenokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nesayensi ngqo. Ngo-1880 waphumelela ngempumelelo esikoleni sokuzivocavoca, okwathi ngemva kwalokho waba umfundi eNyuvesi yaseKönigsberg.
Eyunivesithi, uDavid wahlangana noHermann Minkowski no-Adolf Hurwitz, ahlala nabo isikhathi esiningi esikhululekile.
Abafana baphakamisa imibuzo ehlukahlukene ebalulekile ehlobene nezibalo, bezama ukuthola izimpendulo kubo. Babevame ukuthatha lokho okubizwa nge- "mathematics mathematics", lapho baqhubeka nokuxoxa ngezihloko abazithandayo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngokuzayo uHilbert uzokhuthaza abafundi bakhe ukuthi bathathe uhambo olunjalo.
Umsebenzi weSayensi
Eminyakeni engama-23, uDavid wakwazi ukuvikela umbhalo wakhe emfundisweni yabafakizicelo, kwathi ngemuva konyaka waba nguprofesa wezibalo eKonigsberg.
Umfana wasondela ekufundiseni ngawo wonke umthwalo wemfanelo. Wazama ukuchazela abafundi ngezinto ezibonakalayo ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenxa yalokho wazakhela idumela lokuba uthisha onekhono.
Ngo-1888, uHilbert waphumelela ukuxazulula "inkinga yaseGordan" kanye nokufakazela ubukhona besisekelo sanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwabahlaseli. Ngenxa yalokhu, wathola ukuthandwa okuthile phakathi kwezibalo zaseYurophu.
Lapho uDavid eneminyaka engaba ngu-33 ubudala, wathola umsebenzi e-University of Göttingen, lapho asebenza khona waze wafa.
Ngokushesha usosayensi washicilela i-monograph "Report on Numbers", bese "Izisekelo zeJiyomethri", ezaziwa emhlabeni wesayensi.
Ngo-1900, kwenye yezingqungquthela zomhlaba wonke, uHilbert wethula uhlu lwakhe oludumile lwezinkinga ezingama-23 ezingaxazululeki. Lezi zinkinga zizoxoxwa ngokusobala yizazi zezibalo phakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Le ndoda ivame ukungena ezingxoxweni nezazi ezahlukahlukene zezazi, kubandakanya noHenri Poincaré. Uveze ukuthi noma iyiphi inkinga yezibalo inesixazululo, ngenxa yalokho waphakamisa i-axiomatize physics.
Kusukela ngo-1902, uHilbert wayephathiswe isikhundla sokuba ngumhleli oyinhloko encwadini egunyazwe kakhulu yezibalo "iMathematische Annalen".
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uDavid wethula umqondo owaziwa ngokuthi yisikhala sikaHilbert, esenza isikhala se-Euclidean saba icala elingenamkhawulo. Lo mbono waphumelela hhayi kuphela mathematics, kodwa futhi kwezinye isayensi ngqo.
Ngokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe I (1914-1918), uHilbert wagxeka okwenziwa yibutho laseJalimane. Akazange ahlehle esikhundleni sakhe kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi, lapho athola khona inhlonipho kozakwabo emhlabeni jikelele.
Usosayensi waseJalimane waqhubeka nokusebenza ngenkuthalo, eshicilela imisebenzi emisha. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-University of Göttingen isibe ngesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni zezibalo.
Ngesikhathi se-biography yakhe, uDavid Hilbert wehlisa imfundiso yokuziphendukezela, umbono wezinombolo ze-algebraic, umgomo we-Dirichlet, wasungula umcabango we-Galois, waphinde waxazulula inkinga ye-Waring ngombono wezinombolo.
Ngawo-1920, uHilbert waba nentshisekelo kulombono wezibalo, wakha umbono ocacile wobufakazi obunengqondo. Kodwa-ke, kamuva uyavuma ukuthi umbono wakhe wawudinga umsebenzi onzima.
UDavid wayenombono wokuthi izibalo zidinga ukwenziwa ngokuphelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, wayephikisana nemizamo yabacwaningi bezazi yokubeka imingcele kubuciko bezibalo (ngokwesibonelo, ukwenqabela i-theory noma i-axiom yokuzikhethela).
Izitatimende ezinjalo zomJalimane zidale ukusabela okunodlame emphakathini wesayensi. Abalingani bakhe abaningi babegxeka umbono wakhe wobufakazi, bebubiza ngokuthi yi-pseudoscientific.
Ku-physics, uHilbert wayengumsekeli wendlela eqinile ye-axiomatic. Omunye wemibono yakhe eyisisekelo ku-physics uthathwa njengokutholwa kokulingana kwezinsimu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lezi zibalo nazo zazinesithakazelo ku-Albert Einstein, ngenxa yalokho bobabili ososayensi babesezincwadini ezisebenzayo. Ikakhulukazi, ezindabeni eziningi, uHilbert waba nethonya elikhulu ku-Einstein, ozokhipha umbono wakhe odumile wokuhlobana esikhathini esizayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho uDavid eneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, wathatha uKete Erosh njengomkakhe. Kulo mshado, kwazalwa indodana okuwukuphela kwayo, uFranz, owayehlushwa ukugula kwengqondo okungatholakali.
Ukuhlakanipha okuphansi kukaFranz kwakumkhathaza kakhulu uHilbert, kanjalo nomkakhe.
Ebusheni bakhe, usosayensi wayeyilungu lesonto likaCalvin, kodwa kamuva waba yi-agnostic.
Iminyaka edlule nokufa
Lapho uHitler eqala ukubusa, yena nabalandeli bakhe baqala ukuqeda amaJuda. Ngalesi sizathu, othisha abaningi nezazi ezinomsuka wamaJuda baphoqeleka ukuba babalekele phesheya.
Lapho uBernhard Rust, uNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo wamaNazi, ebuza uHilbert: "Injani iMathematics eGöttingen manje, ngemuva kokuthi esuse ithonya lamaJuda?" UHilbert uphendule ngokudabukisayo: “Izibalo eGöttingen? Akasekho. "
UDavid Hilbert ushone ngoFebhuwari 14, 1943 ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945). Akukho bantu abangaphezu kweshumi nambili abeza ukuzobona usosayensi omkhulu ohambweni lwakhe lokugcina.
Etsheni lethuna lesazi sezibalo kwakukhona inkulumo ayithandayo: “Kumele sazi. Sizokwazi. "
UGilbert Photo
