U-Arkady Isaakovich Raikin (1911-1987) - Umlingisi waseshashalazini waseSoviet, umlingisi wasesteji nowefilimu, umqondisi weshashalazi, owezokungcebeleka nongusaziwayo. Umculi Wabantu we-USSR noLenin Prize Laureate. Iqhawe lezenhlalakahle zabasebenzi. Ungomunye wamahlaya amaSoviet avelele emlandweni.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Arkady Raikin, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane ka-Arkady Raikin.
Biography of Arkady Raikin
U-Arkady Raikin wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 11 (24), 1911 eRiga. Wakhulela emndenini olula wamaJuda.
Ubaba wamahlaya, u-Isaak Davidovich, wayengumthengisi ethekwini, futhi umama wakhe, uLeia Borisovna, wayesebenza njengombelethisi futhi ephethe umndeni.
Ngaphezu Arkady, umndeni Raikin wazalwa umfana Max namantombazane 2 - Bella noSophia.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918), wonke umndeni wathuthela eRybinsk, kwathi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva waya eSt.
U-Arkady waba nentshisekelo yaseshashalazini esemncane. Kanye nezingane zegceke, wahlela ukusebenza okuncane, futhi kamuva wabhalisa eklabhini yedrama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Raikin wayenesithakazelo umdwebo. Esikoleni esiphakeme, wabhekana nenkinga - yokuxhuma impilo yakhe nokudweba noma ukulingisa.
Ngenxa yalokho, u-Arkady wakhetha ukuzama yena njengomculi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abazali basabele kabi ngokwedlulele ekukhetheni kwendodana yabo, kepha le nsizwa yaphikelela yodwa.
Njengoba etholile isitifiketi, uRaikin wangena eLeningrad College of Performing Arts, okwamcasula kakhulu uyise nonina. Kwafika ezingeni lokuthi aphoqeleke ukuba ashiye ikhaya lakhe.
Eminyakeni yakhe yobufundi, u-Arkady wenza izifundo zangasese nge-pantomime kumculi odumile uMikhail Savoyarov. Ngokuzayo, umfana uzodinga amakhono uSavoyarov azomfundisa wona.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni sobuchwepheshe, u-Arkady wamukelwa eqenjini leLeningrad Variety and Miniature Theatre, lapho akwazi khona ukuveza ngokugcwele amandla akhe.
Itiyetha
Ngesikhathi esengumfundi, uRaikin wabamba iqhaza kumakhonsathi ezingane. Izinombolo zakhe zaveza ukuhleka okuqotho nokuthokoza okujwayelekile ezinganeni.
Ngo-1939, umcimbi wokuqala obalulekile wenzeka ku-biography yokudala ka-Arkady. Ukwazile ukuwina umncintiswano wabaculi be-pop abanezinombolo - "Chaplin" no "Bear".
E-Leningrad Theatre, uRaikin waqhubeka nokwenza esiteji, efunda uhlobo lokuzijabulisa. Ukusebenza kwakhe kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu kangangokuba ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu umculi osemusha waphathiswa isikhundla somqondisi wobuciko we-tetra.
Ngesikhathi seGreat Patriotic War (1941-1945) u-Arkady wanikeza amakhonsathi ngaphambili, lapho aqokelwa khona imiklomelo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-Order of the Red Star.
Ngemuva kwempi, usomahlaya wabuyela enkundleni yakhe yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, ekhombisa izinombolo nezinhlelo ezintsha.
Amahlaya
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1940, uRaikin, kanye no-satirist uVladimir Polyakov, benza izinhlelo zemidlalo yaseshashalazini: "NgeNdebe Yetiye", "Ungadluli", "Ukukhuluma Ngokuphandle".
Izinkulumo zomfana zasheshe zathola ukuthandwa yi-Union, yingakho aqala ukukhonjiswa kuthelevishini futhi adlalwa emsakazweni.
Izethameli zazithanda kakhulu lezo zinombolo lapho le ndoda yashintsha khona manjalo ukubukeka kwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, wakwazi ukudala inani elikhulu labalingiswa abahlukene futhi wazibonakalisa eyinkosi yokuguqulwa kwesiteji.
Ngokushesha, u-Arkady Raikin uzohambela amazwe angaphandle, kufaka phakathi iHungary, i-East Germany, iRomania neGreat Britain.
Nomaphi lapho kwafika khona usatirist waseRussia, wayephumelela. Ngemuva kokudlala ngakunye, izethameli zambona ehamba nama-ovations amakhulu.
Ngesinye isikhathi, phakathi nohambo e-Odessa, u-Arkady Isaakovich wahlangana nabaculi abasha bendawo. Ngemuva kwalokho, wathembisa ukubambisana noMikhail Zhvanetsky owayengaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, kanye noRoman Kartsev noViktor Ilchenko.
Naleli qembu Raikin wadala miniatures eziningi elikhanyayo, ezamukelwa kahle umphakathi waseSoviet. Esinye sezigcawu ezaziwa kakhulu kwakuyi "Traffic Light".
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi u-Arkady Raikin cishe wayeyena yedwa umculi owathi, ngaleso sikhathi esinzima, wakhuluma ngezepolitiki nangesimo sezindaba ezweni. Kuma-monologue akhe, wagxila kaninginingi ekutheni amandla angalimaza kanjani umuntu.
Izinkulumo ze-satirist zahlukaniswa ngokuba bukhali kwazo nokubhuqa, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye zazihlale zilungile futhi zihlakaniphile. Ebuka izinombolo zakhe, umbukeli angafunda phakathi kolayini lokho umbhali afuna ukukusho kuyo.
Leningrad ubuholi wayexwaya humorist, ngenxa yalokho kwaba nobudlelwano obunzima kakhulu phakathi kwezikhulu zendawo Raikin.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi u-Arkady Isaakovich ngokwakhe wenza isicelo somuntu siqu kuLeonid Brezhnev ngokwakhe, emcela ukuba azinze eMoscow.
Ngemuva kwalokho, usomahlaya neqembu lakhe bathuthela enhlokodolobha, lapho aqhubeka khona e-State Theatre of Miniature.
URaikin wanikeza amakhonsathi futhi wethula izinhlelo ezintsha. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, iThe State Theatre of Miniature yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "Satyricon".
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi namuhla inhloko ye "Satyricon" iyindodana yomculi omkhulu - uKonstantin Raikin.
Amafilimu
Kuyo yonke iminyaka yomlando wakhe, u-Arkady unenkanyezi kumafilimu amaningi. Ngokokuqala ngqa esikrinini esikhulu, wabonakala kwifilimu ethi "First Platoon" (1932), edlala isosha kuyo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uRaikin wadlala abalingiswa abancane kumafilimu afana neTrekta Abashayeli, uValery Chkalov kanye neMinyaka Yomlilo.
Ngo-1954, u-Arkady wayephathiswe indima enkulu emdlalweni wamahlaya othi "Sike sahlangana ndawo ndawo," owamukelwa kahle yizethameli zaseSoviet.
Imidwebo ethi "Izolo, Namuhla Njalo" nethi "The Magic Power of Art" ayitholakalanga njengabantu abadumile.
Kodwa-ke, uRaikin uthole udumo olukhulu kakhulu ngemuva kokukhonjiswa komdlalo wethelevishini i- "People and Mannequins" nethi "Peace to Your House". Kuzo wethule okuningi okuthakazelisayo futhi, njengokujwayelekile, ama-monologue abuhlungu ezihlokweni ezicindezela kakhulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomfazi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo nowukuphela kwakhe, uRuth Markovna Ioffe, uRaikin wahlangana ebuntwaneni. Kodwa-ke, akazange abe nesibindi sokuhlangana nale ntombazane.
Kamuva, u-Arkady waphinde wahlangana nentombazane enhle, kodwa ukuze akhulume naye, khona-ke kwabonakala kuyinto engekho kuye.
Kwaba iminyaka kuphela kamuva, lapho umfana wayesevele ethweswa iziqu ekolishi, waqunga isibindi wahlangana noRuth. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abasha bavuma ukuya kuma-movie.
Ngemuva kokubuka ifilimu, u-Arkady waphakamisa le ntombazane. Ngo-1935, lo mbhangqwana washada. Kulo mshado babenomfana, uKonstantin, nentombazane, uCatherine.
Lo mbhangqwana wawuhlala ndawonye iminyaka ecishe ibe ngama-50. Inyunyana yabo ingabizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi iyisibonelo.
Ukufa
URaikin wabhekana nezinkinga zempilo impilo yakhe yonke. Lapho eneminyaka engu-13, wabanjwa umkhuhlane omubi, wahlaselwa umphimbo obuhlungu.
Lesi sifo saqubuka ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuba odokotela babengasenathemba lokuthi lo mfana uzophila. Noma kunjalo, le nsizwa yakwazi ukuphuma.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi, lesi sifo sabuya, ngenxa yalokho u-Arkady kwakudingeka asuse amathoni. Futhi yize ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele, waba nesifo senhliziyo samathambo impilo yonke.
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, umculi wahlaselwa yisifo sikaParkinson, lapho asusa khona nokukhuluma.
U-Arkady Isaakovich Raikin ushone ngoDisemba 17 (ngokusho kweminye imininingwane ngoDisemba 20) 1987 ngenxa yokwanda kwesifo senhliziyo samathambo.
Isithombe ngu-Arkady Raikin
