I-Epicurus - Isazi sefilosofi sasendulo esingumGreki, umsunguli we-Epicureanism e-Athene ("The Garden of Epicurus"). Eminyakeni yokuphila kwakhe, wabhala imisebenzi ecishe ibe ngama-300, esasinda kuze kube namuhla kuphela ngezingcezu.
Ku-biography ka-Epicurus kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ahlobene nemibono yakhe yefilosofi kanye nempilo enjalo.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane ka-Epicurus.
Umlando we-Epicurus
U-Epicurus wazalwa ngo-342 noma ngo-341 BC. e. esiqhingini saseGrisi iSamos. Sazi ikakhulukazi ngokuphila kwesazi sefilosofi ngenxa yezikhumbuzo zikaDiogenes Laertius noLucretius Cara.
U-Epicurus wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini kaNeocles noHerestrata. Ebusheni bakhe waba nesithakazelo sefilosofi, ngaleso sikhathi eyayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaGreki.
Ngokuyinhloko, u-Epicurus wahlatshwa umxhwele imibono kaDemocritus.
Lapho ngineminyaka engu-18, umfana weza e-Athene noyise. Ngokushesha, imibono yakhe ngempilo yaqala ukwakheka, eyahluka ezimfundisweni zezinye izazi zefilosofi.
Ifilosofi ye-Epicurus
Lapho u-Epicurus eneminyaka engu-32 ubudala, wasungula isikole sakhe sefilosofi. Kamuva wathenga ingadi e-Athene, lapho ahlanganyela khona ulwazi oluhlukahlukene nabalandeli bakhe.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi njengoba isikole besisensimini yesazi sefilosofi, saqala ukubizwa nge- "Garden", futhi abalandeli baka-Epicurus baqala ukubizwa "ngezazi zefilosofi ezivela ezingadini."
Ngenhla komnyango wokungena esikoleni kwakubhalwe ukuthi: “Ndwendwe, uzobe ulungile lapha. Lapha ubumnandi bungcono kakhulu. "
Ngokwezimfundiso zika-Epicurus, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-Epicureanism, isibusiso esikhulu kunazo zonke kumuntu kwakuwukuthokozela impilo, okwakusho ukungabi bikho kobuhlungu bomzimba nokukhathazeka, kanye nokukhululwa ekwesabeni ukufa nonkulunkulu.
Ngokusho kuka-Epicurus, onkulunkulu babekhona, kepha babengenandaba nakho konke okwenzeka emhlabeni nasezimpilweni zabantu.
Le ndlela yokuphila yavusa intshisekelo yabaningi babantu bakubo sefilosofi, ngenxa yalokho waba nabalandeli abaningi nsuku zonke.
Abafundi baka-Epicurus babengabacabangi abakhululekile ababevame ukungena ezingxoxweni futhi babuze izisekelo zenhlalo nezokuziphatha.
I-Epicureanism ngokushesha yaba ngumphikisi omkhulu weStoicism, owasungulwa nguZeno waseKuria.
Kwakungekho ukuthambekela okunjalo okuphambene ezweni lasendulo. Uma ama-Epikhuru ayefuna ukuthola injabulo enkulu ekuphileni, amaStoyiku akhuthaza ukuzincisha, ezama ukulawula imizwelo nezifiso zawo.
U-Epicurus nabalandeli bakhe bazama ukwazi ubuNkulunkulu ngokombono wezwe elibonakalayo. Bahlukanise lo mbono ngezigaba ezi-3:
- Ukuziphatha. Ikuvumela ukwazi ubumnandi, okuyisiqalo nesiphetho sempilo, futhi esebenza njengesilinganiso sokuhle. Ngokuziphatha okuhle, umuntu angaqeda ukuhlupheka nezifiso ezingadingekile. Ngempela, umuntu ofunda ukwaneliseka ngokuncane angajabula.
- ICanon. U-Epicurus uthathe imibono yezinzwa njengesisekelo somqondo wokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi yonke into iqukethe izinhlayiya ezithinta ngandlela thile izinzwa. Imizwa, nayo, iholela ekubonakaleni kokulindela, okuwulwazi lwangempela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ingqondo, ngokusho kuka-Epicurus, yaba yisithiyo kulwazi lwento ethile.
- I-Physics. Ngosizo lwe-physics, isazi sefilosofi sazama ukuthola imbangela yokuvela komhlaba, okuzovumela umuntu ukuthi agweme ukwesaba ukungabi khona. U-Epicurus uthe indawo yonke inezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu (ama-athomu) ezihamba esikhaleni esingenamkhawulo. Ama-athomu, nawo, ahlangana abe yimizimba eyinkimbinkimbi - abantu nonkulunkulu.
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu okungenhla, u-Epicurus unxuse ukuthi bangakwesabi ukufa. Uchaze lokhu ngeqiniso lokuthi ama-athomu asakazeke eMkhathini omkhulu, ngenxa yalokho umphefumulo uyeka ukuba khona nomzimba.
U-Epicurus wayeqiniseka ukuthi akukho lutho olungathinta ikusasa lomuntu. Impela yonke into ivela ngengozi emsulwa futhi ngaphandle kwencazelo ejulile.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi imicabango ka-Epicurus ibe nomthelela omkhulu emibonweni kaJohn Locke, Thomas Jefferson, Jeremy Bentham noKarl Marx.
Ukufa
Ngokusho kukaDiogenes Laertius, imbangela yokufa kwesazi sefilosofi kwakungamatshe ezinso, amnikeza ubuhlungu obukhulu. Noma kunjalo, waqhubeka eneme, efundisa ezinye izinsuku zakhe.
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, u-Epicurus wathi le nkulumo elandelayo:
"Ungesabi ukufa: ngenkathi usaphila, akukhona, lapho kufika, ngeke ube khona"
Mhlawumbe yiso kanye lesi simo sengqondo esisize isazi sishiya leli zwe ngaphandle kokwesaba. U-Epicurus washona ngo-271 noma ngo-270 BC. eneminyaka cishe engama-72.
