UDiogenes

UDiogenes waseSinop - Isazi sefilosofi sasendulo esingumGreki, umfundi ka-Antisthenes, umsunguli wesikole samaCynic. KwakunguDiogenes owayehlala emgqonyeni futhi, ehamba emini nesibani, wayefuna "indoda eqotho." Njengomgxeki, wayedelela wonke amasiko namasiko, futhi ebukela phansi zonke izinhlobo zokunethezeka.

I-biography kaDiogenes igcwele ama-aphorism amaningi namaqiniso athakazelisayo avela empilweni.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaDiogenes.

I-Diogenes biography

UDiogenes wazalwa cishe ngo-412 BC. edolobheni laseSinop. Izazi-mlando azazi lutho ngobuntwana bakhe nasebusheni bakhe.

Lokho esikwaziyo nge-biography yomcabangi kuyavumelana esahlukweni esisodwa sencwadi "On the life, iimfundiso nezisho zezazi zefilosofi ezidumile", ebhalwe igama lakhe uDiogenes Laertius.

UDiogenes waseSinope wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini womuntu owayeshintsha imali futhi eboleka imali ogama lakhe linguGikesius. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhloko yomndeni yaboshelwa imali yomgunyathi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi nabo babefuna ukubeka uDiogenes ejele, kodwa le nsizwa yakwazi ukubaleka eSinop. Ngemuva kokuzulazula izinsuku eziningi, wagcina eseDelphi.

Yilapho lapho uDiogenes abuza khona ukuthi kufanele enzeni ngokulandelayo nokuthi enzeni. Impendulo ye-oracle, njengenjwayelo, ibingaqondakali futhi izwakala kanjena: "Zibandakanye ekuhloleni kabusha amanani."

Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, uDiogenes akazange anake iseluleko asinikezwa, eqhubeka nohambo lwakhe.

Ifilosofi kaDiogenes

Ngesikhathi ezulazula, uDiogenes wafika e-Athene, lapho ezwa khona inkulumo yesazi sefilosofi u-Antisthenes esigcawini esikhulu sedolobha. Okushiwo ngu-Antisthenes kwamthinta kakhulu umfana.

Ngenxa yalokho, uDiogenes wanquma ukuba ngumlandeli wezimfundiso zefilosofi yase-Athene.

Njengoba wayengenamali, wayengeke aqashe igumbi, ingasaphathwa eyokuthenga indlu. Ngemuva kokucabangisisa, uDiogenes wathatha izinyathelo ezinqala.

Lo mfundi owayephelelwe yithemba wazakhela owakhe umuzi emgqonyeni omkhulu wobumba, owawumba eduze kwesikwele sedolobha. Lokhu yikho okwavusa isisho esithi "Diogenes barrel".

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi u-Antisthenes wayecasulwe kakhulu ukuba khona komuntu ongamazi ocasulayo. Wake wamshaya nangenduku yokuthi ahambe, kodwa lokhu akusizanga.

Khona-ke u-Antisthenes wayengakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi kwakunguDiogenes owayezoba ummeleli oqhakazile wesikole samaCynic.

Ifilosofi kaDiogenes yayisekelwe ekuzinciphiseni ngokweqile. Wayehlukile kunoma yiziphi izinzuzo abantu ababemzungezile ababezimisele kangaka.

Isazi sakhangwa ubunye nemvelo, singayinaki imithetho, izikhulu nabaholi benkolo. Wazibiza ngomuntu ohlukahlukene - isakhamuzi somhlaba.

Ngemuva kokufa kuka-Antisthenes, isimo sengqondo sabase-Athene ngoDiogenes sawohloka kakhulu futhi kwaba nezizathu zalokho. Abantu basemadolobheni babecabanga ukuthi uyahlanya.

UDiogenes wayekwazi ukushaya indlwabu endaweni esesidlangalaleni, ame nqunu eshaweni futhi enze ezinye izinto eziningi ezingafanele.

Noma kunjalo, usuku nosuku udumo lwesazi sefilosofi oluhlanya lwaya ngokuya lukhula. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Alexander Omkhulu ngokwakhe wayefuna ukukhuluma naye.

UPlutarch uthi u-Alexander walinda isikhathi eside ukuthi uDiogenes uqobo eze kuye ezobonisa inhlonipho yakhe, kepha wasebenzisa isikhathi sakhe esekhaya ngokuthula. Khona-ke umlawuli wamaphoyisa waphoqeleka ukuba avakashele isazi sefilosofi eyedwa.

U-Alexander the Great wathola uDiogenes egcobe elangeni. Waya kuye, wathi:

- NginguTsar Alexander omkhulu!

- Futhi mina, - ngaphendula isazi, - inja uDiogenes. Noma ngubani ophonsa ucezu - ngiyagwedla, ubani ongashi - ngiyakhonkotha, noma ngubani omubi - ngiyaluma.

“Uyangisaba?” Kubuza u-Alexander.

- Futhi uyini wena, okuhle noma okubi? Kubuza isazi sefilosofi.

"Kuhle," esho.

- Futhi ngubani owesaba okuhle? - kuphetha uDiogenes.

Ehlatshwe izimpendulo ezinjalo, umphathi omkhulu kamuva wathi wathi:

"Ukube bengingeyena u-Alexander, bengingathanda ukuba nguDiogenes."

Isazi sefilosofi sangena kaningi ezingxoxweni ezishubile noPlato. Kodwa-ke, waphinde waxabana nabanye ongqondongqondo abavelele, okubandakanya u-Anaximenes weLampsax no-Aristippus.

Ngesinye isikhathi abantu basemadolobheni babona uDiogenes ntambama ehamba esigcawini sedolobha ephethe isibani ezandleni zakhe. Ngasikhathi sinye, isazi sefilosofi "esihlanyayo" sasimemeza njalo le nkulumo sithi: "Ngifuna indoda."

Ngale ndlela, le ndoda yabonisa isimo sayo sengqondo ngomphakathi. Uvame ukugxeka abase-Athene, eveza izibuyekezo eziningi ezimbi ngabo.

Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho uDiogenes eqala ukuhlanganyela imicabango ejulile nabantu abadlula ngendlela emakethe, akekho noyedwa owanaka inkulumo yakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho waklabalasa kakhulu njengenyoni, ngemuva kwalokho abantu abaningi babuthana kuye ngokushesha.

Isazi sathi ngokucasuka: "Leli yizinga lokukhula kwakho, angithi, lapho ngithi izinto ezihlakaniphile, babenganginaki, kodwa lapho ngikhala njengeqhude, wonke umuntu waqala ukungilalela ngentshisekelo."

Ngobusuku bangaphambi kwempi phakathi kwamaGrikhi nenkosi yaseMakedoniya uPhilip 2, uDiogenes wahamba ngomkhumbi waya ogwini lwase-Aegina. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi uhamba ngomkhumbi, wabanjwa abaphangi ababulala abagibeli noma babathatha baba yisiboshwa.

Ngemuva kokuba yisiboshwa, uDiogenes washeshe wathengiswa kumaXeanides aseKorinte. Umnikazi wefilosofi wamyala ukuba afundise futhi afundise izingane zakhe. Kumele kuvunywe ukuthi isazi sefilosofi sasinguthisha omuhle.

UDiogenes akagcinanga ngokwabelana nezingane ngolwazi lwakhe, kodwa futhi wabafundisa ukugibela nokuphonsa imicibisholo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafaka kubo uthando lokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Abalandeli bezimfundiso zikaDiogenes, banikela ku-sage ukumhlenga ebugqilini, kepha wenqaba. Uveze ukuthi nakulesi simo angaba - "umphathi wenkosi yakhe."

Impilo yomuntu siqu

UDiogenes wayenombono ongemuhle ngempilo yomndeni nakuhulumeni. Ukusho esidlangalaleni ukuthi izingane namakhosikazi zivamile, futhi ayikho imingcele phakathi kwamazwe.

Ngesikhathi somlando wakhe, uDiogenes wabhala imisebenzi eyi-14 yefilosofi nezinhlekelele eziningana.