UVladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky - Usosayensi waseRussia-isazi semvelo, isazi sefilosofi, isazi sezinto eziphilayo, i-mineralogist kanye nomphakathi. Isifundiswa seSt. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Omunye wabasunguli be-Ukraine Academy of Sciences, kanye nomsunguli wesayensi ye-biogeochemistry. Ummeleli ovelele we-cosmism waseRussia.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokhumbula i-biography kaVladimir Vernadsky, kanye namaqiniso athakazelisa kakhulu avela empilweni kasosayensi.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaVernadsky.
Umlando we-Vernadsky
UVladimir Vernadsky wazalwa ngo-1863 eSt. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wesikhulu kanye nefa likaCossack Ivan Vasilyevich.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, uVernadsky Sr. wafundisa ezomnotho eyunivesithi, esezingeni lekhansela lombuso eligcwele.
Umama kaVladimir, u-Anna Petrovna, wayevela emndenini ohloniphekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umndeni wathuthela eKharkov, okwakungesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu zesayensi namasiko eRussia.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UVernadsky wachitha iminyaka yakhe yobuntwana (1868-1875) ePoltava naseKharkov. Ngo-1868, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingesihle saseSt.Petersburg, umndeni wakwaVernadsky wathuthela eKharkov - esinye sezikhungo ezihola phambili kwezesayensi namasiko oMbuso WaseRussia.
Esengumfana, wavakashela eKiev, wayehlala endlini eLipki, lapho kwahlala khona ugogo wakhe, uVera Martynovna Konstantinovich.
Ngo-1973, uVladimir Vernadsky wangena eKharkov yokuvocavoca umzimba, lapho afunda khona iminyaka emithathu. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, ngaphansi kwethonya likayise, wakwazi ukukhuluma ulimi lwesiPolish ukuze afunde imininingwane ehlukahlukene nge-Ukraine.
Ngo-1876 umndeni wakwaVernadsky wabuyela eSt. Petersburg, lapho umfana aqhubeka khona nezifundo zakhe esikoleni sokuzivocavoca sendawo. Wakwazi ukuthola imfundo enhle kakhulu. Le nsizwa ibikwazi ukufunda ngezilimi eziyi-15.
Kulesi sikhathi, uVladimir Vernadsky waba nentshisekelo kwifilosofi, umlando kanye nenkolo.
Lesi bekuyisinyathelo sokuqala sentsha esendleleni yolwazi lwe-cosmism yaseRussia.
I-Biology kanye nezinye isayensi
Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1881-1885. UVernadsky wafunda e-Faculty of Natural Sciences yaseSt. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uDmitry Mendeleev odumile wayephakathi kwabafundisi bakhe.
Lapho ngineminyaka engu-25, Vernadsky washiya i-internship eYurophu, esechithe cishe iminyaka emibili emazweni ahlukene. EJalimane, e-Italy naseFrance, wathola ulwazi oluningi lwethiyori nolusebenzayo, ngemuva kwalokho wabuyela ekhaya.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-27 kuphela ubudala, waphathiswa ukuhola uMnyango Wezimbiwa e-University of Moscow. Kamuva, ingqondo yakwazi ukuvikela iziqu zakhe zobudokotela ngesihloko esithi: "Izimo zokuslayida kwendaba yamakristalu." Ngenxa yalokho, waba nguprofesa wezimbiwa.
Njengothisha, uVernadsky wasebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ngalesi sikhathi wayehamba kaningi. Waya emadolobheni amaningi aseRussia nakwamanye amazwe, efunda i-geology.
Ngo-1909, uVladimir Ivanovich wenza umbiko omuhle ku-12th Congress of Naturalists, lapho ethula khona ulwazi ngokutholakala ngokuhlanganyela kwamaminerali emathunjini omhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, isayensi entsha yasungulwa - i-geochemistry.
UVernadsky wenza umsebenzi omuhle emkhakheni wezimbiwa, enze uguquko kuwo. Uhlukanise i-mineralogy ne-crystallography, lapho axhuma khona isayensi yokuqala ne-mathematics ne-physics, kanti eyesibili nge-chemistry ne-geology.
Ngokufana nalokhu, uVladimir Vernadsky wayethanda ifilosofi, ezombusazwe kanye nokusebenza kwemisebe ngezinto ezinesasasa elikhulu. Ngisho nangaphambi kokujoyina iSt. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, wasungula iKhomishini yeRadium, eyayihlose ukuthola nokutadisha amaminerali.
Ngo-1915, uVernadsky waqoqa enye ikhomishini, eyayizophenya ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zombuso. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, wasiza ekuhleleni amakhumbi mahhala ezakhamizi ezikanye naye ezihluphekayo.
Kuze kube ngo-1919, usosayensi wayeyilungu leCadet Party, enamathela emibonweni yentando yeningi. Ngalesi sizathu, waphoqeleka ukuthi aye phesheya ngemuva kokwenzeka kwe-Revolution eyaziwayo ka-Okthoba ezweni.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-1918, uVernadsky nomndeni wakhe bahlala e-Ukraine. Ngokushesha wasungula i-Ukraine Academy of Sciences, waba usihlalo wayo wokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uprofesa wafundisa i-geochemistry eTaurida University yaseCrimea.
Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu Vernadsky wabuyela Petrograd. Isifundiswa saqokwa njengenhloko yomnyango wezemeteorite weMineralogical Museum. Wabe wabutha ohambweni ekhethekile, eyayihilelekile ekutadisheni kwesibhakabhaka Tunguska.
Konke kwahamba kahle kwaze kwaba mzuzu lapho uVladimir Ivanovich esolwa ngobunhloli. Waboshwa wavalelwa ejele. Ngenhlanhla, ngenxa yokuncenga kwabantu abaningi abavelele, usosayensi wakhululwa.
Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1922-1926. UVernadsky wavakashela amanye amazwe aseYurophu, lapho afunda khona izinkulumo zakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayebandakanyeka ekubhaleni. Kusuka ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe imisebenzi efana ne- "Geochemistry", "Living Into in the Biosphere" ne- "Autotrophy of Humanity" yayihlotshisiwe.
Ngo-1926, uVernadsky waba yinhloko yeRadium Institute, waphinde wakhethwa njengenhloko yemiphakathi ehlukahlukene yesayensi. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, kwaphenywa imisinga engaphansi komhlaba, i-permafrost, amatshe, njll.
Ngo-1935, impilo kaVladimir Ivanovich yaya ngokuwohloka, futhi ngokuncoma kukadokotela wenhliziyo, wanquma ukuya kolashwa phesheya. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, wasebenza isikhashana eParis, eLondon naseJalimane. Eminyakeni eminingana ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uprofesa wahola ikhomishini ye-uranium, empeleni waba ngumsunguli wohlelo lwenuzi lwe-USSR.
Noosphere
NgokukaVladimir Vernadsky, i-biosphere uhlelo olusebenzayo futhi oluhlelekile. Kamuva weza ekwakhiweni nasekuchazweni kwegama elithi noosphere, eliguqulwa ngenxa yethonya lomuntu le-biosphere.
UVernadsky wakhuthaza izenzo ezinengqondo ngasohlangothini lwesintu, okuhloswe ngazo kokubili ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo nokwakha ibhalansi nokuzwana emvelweni. Ukhulume ngokubaluleka kokufunda uMhlaba, wabuye wakhuluma nangezindlela zokwenza ngcono imvelo yomhlaba.
Emibhalweni yakhe, uVladimir Vernadsky uthe ikusasa elihle labantu lixhomeke empilweni yezenhlalo neyombuso eyakhiwe ngokucophelela ngokuya ngobuciko nenqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Eminyakeni 23, uVladimir Vernadsky washada Natalia Staritskaya. Ndawonye, lo mbhangqwana wakwazi ukuhlala iminyaka engu-56, kuze kube sekufeni Staritskaya ngo-1943.
Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana waba nomfana uGeorgy nentombazane enguNina. Ngokuzayo, uGeorgy waba nguchwepheshe odumile emkhakheni womlando waseRussia, kanti uNina wayesebenza njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo.
Ukufa
UVladimir Vernadsky waphila isikhathi eside umkakhe iminyaka emibili. Ngosuku lokufa kwakhe, usosayensi wenza lokhu okulandelayo kwidayari yakhe: "Ngikweleta konke okuhle empilweni yami kuNatasha." Ukulahlekelwa ngumkakhe kuyikhubaze kakhulu le ndoda.
Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, ngo-1943, uVernadsky waklonyeliswa nge-1 degree Stalin Prize. Ngonyaka olandelayo, wahlaselwa isifo sohlangothi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho waphila ezinye izinsuku eziyi-12.
UVladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky ushone ngoJanuwari 6, 1945 eneminyaka engu-81.
