Ilanga liyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yemvelo kukho konke ukuphila eMhlabeni. Cishe bonke abantu basendulo babenehlelo leLanga noma ukwenziwa kwalo ngendlela ethile njengonkulunkulu othile. Ngalezo zinsuku, cishe zonke izinto zemvelo zazihlotshaniswa neLanga (futhi, ngasendleleni, zazingekude neqiniso). Umuntu wayencike kakhulu emvelweni, kanti nemvelo incike kakhulu elangeni. Ukwehla okuncane kokusebenza kwelanga kwaholela ekwehleni kwezinga lokushisa nezinye izinguquko zesimo sezulu. Lokhu kubanda kubangele ukwehluleka kwezitshalo, kwalandela indlala nokufa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukushintshashintsha kwemisebenzi yelanga akuyona into yesikhashana, ukufa kwaba kukhulu futhi kwabakhumbula kahle abasindile.
Ososayensi baye baqonda kancane kancane ukuthi ilanga "lisebenza" kanjani. Imiphumela emibi yomsebenzi wayo nayo ichaziwe futhi yafundwa kahle. Inkinga enkulu isilinganiso seLanga uma kuqhathaniswa noMhlaba. Ngisho nasezingeni lamanje lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, isintu asikwazi ukuphendula ngokwanele kuzinguquko zomsebenzi welanga. Ungacabangi iseluleko sokuthi ama-cores agcine i-validol noma izexwayiso mayelana nokwehluleka kokuxhumana kanye namanethiwekhi ekhompuyutha njengempendulo ephumelelayo lapho kwenzeka isivunguvungu esinamandla kazibuthe! Futhi lokhu kuyilapho iLanga lisebenza "ngemodi ejwayelekile", ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha okukhulu emsebenzini.
Ngenye indlela, ungabheka iVenus. KumaVenusians acatshangelwayo (futhi ngisho naphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili eVenus babelindele ngokujulile ukuthola impilo), ukwehluleka ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana nakanjani kuzoba yizinkinga ezimbalwa. Umkhathi womhlaba uyasivikela engxenyeni ebhubhisayo yemisebe yelanga. Umkhathi weVenus ubhebhethekisa umthelela wawo kuphela, futhi uphakamise nokushisa okuvele kungabekezeleleki. IVenus neMercury kushisa kakhulu, iMars namaplanethi akude neLanga kubanda kakhulu. Inhlanganisela "Ilanga - Umhlaba" ihlukile ngaleyo ndlela. Okungenani ngaphakathi kwemingcele yengxenye ebonwayo yeMetagalaxy.
Ilanga nalo lihlukile ngoba kuze kube manje iyinkanyezi kuphela etholakalayo (enokubhuka okukhulu, impela) ngokucwaninga ngezihloko okuncane noma okuncane. Ngenkathi befunda ezinye izinkanyezi, ososayensi basebenzisa iLanga njengokujwayelekile nanjengethuluzi.
1. Izici eziyinhloko zomzimba zeLanga kunzima ukuzimela ngokwamagugu esiwajwayele, kufanelekile kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukuqhathanisa. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi beLanga budlula uMhlaba ngamahlandla ayi-109, ubukhulu bucishe bube izikhathi ezingama-333,000, indawo engaphezulu iphindwe izikhathi eziyi-12,000, kanti ivolumu yeLanga iphindwe kasigidi esi-1.3 ubukhulu bomhlaba. Uma siqhathanisa osayizi abahlobene beLanga noMhlaba nesikhala esibahlukanisayo, sithole ibhola elinobubanzi obuyi-1 millimeter (uMhlaba), elilele ngamamitha ayi-10 ukusuka ebholeni lomphebezo (iLanga). Ukuqhubeka kokufanisa, ububanzi besistimu yelanga buzoba ngamamitha ayi-800, kanti ibanga lenkanyezi eseduze lizoba ngamakhilomitha angama-2,700. Ubuningi beLanga buyizikhathi eziyi-1.4 zamanzi. Amandla adonsela phansi asenkanyezini esiseduze kakhulu nathi ngamahlandla angama-28 kunawoMhlaba. Usuku lwelanga - inguquko ezungeze i-eksisi yalo - ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-25 zomhlaba nonyaka - inguquko ezungeze isikhungo seGalaxy - iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-225. ILanga liqukethe i-hydrogen, i-helium nokungcola okuncane kwezinye izinto.
2. Ilanga linikeza ukushisa nokukhanya njengomphumela we-thermonuclear reaction - inqubo yokuhlangana kwama-athomu alula abe nzima. Endabeni yesikhanyiso sethu, ukukhishwa kwamandla kungachazwa njengokuguqulwa kwe-hydrogen ibe yi-helium. Eqinisweni, kunjalo, i-physics yenqubo inzima kakhulu. Futhi hhayi kudala, ngokusho kwamazinga omlando, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi iLanga liyakhanya futhi linikeza ukushisa ngenxa yokushisa okuvamile, okukhulu kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, isazi sezinkanyezi esivelele saseNgilandi uWilliam Herschel, kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1822, wayekholelwa ukuthi iLanga lingumlilo oyindilinga oyize, engxenyeni engaphakathi lapho kunezindawo ezilungele ukuhlala abantu. Kamuva kwabalwa ukuthi ukube iLanga lalakhiwe ngokuphelele ngamalahle asezingeni eliphakeme, ngabe lasha ngeminyaka engu-5 000.
3. Ulwazi oluningi ngelanga lusemcabangweni. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa kobuso benkanyezi yethu linqunywa ngombala. Okungukuthi, izinto okungenzeka zakha ubuso belanga zithola umbala ofanayo ezingeni lokushisa elifanayo. Kepha ukushisa akukuphela komphumela wezinto. Kunengcindezi enkulu kwiLanga, izinto azikho esimeni esimile, isibani sinamandla kazibuthe abuthakathaka kangako, njll. Nokho, esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, akekho noyedwa ozokwazi ukuqinisekisa idatha enjalo. Kanye nedatha yezinkulungwane zezinye izinkanyezi izazi zezinkanyezi ezizithole ngokuqhathanisa ukusebenza kwazo nelanga.
4. ILanga - futhi thina, njengezakhamizi zeSolar System, kanye nalo - yizifundazwe ezijulile impela zeMetagalaxy. Uma sithola ukufaniswa phakathi kweMetagalaxy neRussia, khona-ke iLanga yisikhungo sesifunda esijwayelekile kakhulu kwenye indawo eNyakatho Urals. ILanga lisemaphethelweni esinye sezingalo ezincane zomthala iMilky Way, futhi, futhi, ongomunye wemithala ejwayelekile eseceleni kweMetagalaxy. U-Isaac Asimov uhlekisa ngendawo iMilky Way, iLanga noMhlaba ku "Foundation" yakhe eyindumasi. Ichaza uMbuso omkhulu weGalactic ohlanganisa izigidi zamaplanethi. Yize konke kwaqala ngomhlaba, izakhamizi zombuso azikukhumbuli lokhu, futhi nochwepheshe abancane kakhulu bakhuluma ngegama loMhlaba ngethoni yokuqagela - umbuso ukhohliwe ngaleli hlane.
5. Ukusitheka kwelanga - izinkathi zesikhathi lapho iNyanga imboza uMhlaba ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele kwiLanga - into ebhekwe isikhathi eside ukuthi ibingaqondakali futhi isabeka. ILanga alinyamalali ngokuzumayo esibhakabhakeni, kepha kwenzeka ngokungahambi kahle okukhulu. Endaweni ethile phakathi kokusitheka kwelanga, kungadlula amashumi eminyaka, kwenye indawo iLanga "liyanyamalala" kaningi kakhulu. Isibonelo, eSouthern Siberia, e-Altai Republic, ukusithwa kwelanga okuphelele kwenzeka ngo-2006-2008 ngomehluko ongaphezulu nje kweminyaka engu-2,5. Ukusitheka kwelanga okudume kakhulu kweLanga kwenzeka entwasahlobo ka-33 AD. e. eJudiya ngosuku lapho, ngokweBhayibheli, uJesu Kristu abethelwa khona. Lokhu kufiphala kuqinisekiswa izibalo zezazi zezinkanyezi. Kusukela ekusithekeni kwelanga ngo-Okthoba 22, 2137 BC. umlando oqinisekisiwe waseChina uqala - lapho-ke kwaba nokusitheka okuphelele, okwabhalwa ezincwadini zomlando kuze kube unyaka wesi-5 wokubusa kuka-Emperor Chung Kang. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukufa kokuqala okubhaliwe egameni lesayensi kwenzeka. Izazi zezinkanyezi zasenkantolo uHee noHo benza iphutha ngokuthola ukusitheka kwelanga futhi babulawa ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusebenza. Ukubalwa kokufiphala kwelanga kusizile ukuthi kube nesikhathi seminye imicimbi engokomlando.
6. Iqiniso lokuthi kunamabala eLangeni lase laziwa vele ngesikhathi sikaKozma Prutkov. Amabala elanga afana nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yasemhlabeni. Umehluko kuphela osesilinganisweni - amabala angaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 000 ngosayizi, futhi ngohlobo lokukhishwa - ezintabeni ze-Earth zikhipha izinto ezibonakalayo, eSun ngokusebenzisa amabala amandla amakhulu kazibuthe aphuma. Bacindezela kancane ukuhamba kwezinhlayiya eduze kobuso benkanyiso. Izinga lokushisa, ngokufanele, liyancipha, futhi indawo yendawo iba mnyama. Amanye amabala ahlala izinyanga. Kwakuyinhlangano yabo eyaqinisekisa ukujikeleza kweLanga ezungeze i-eksisi yalo. Inani lamachaphaza elanga afaka umsebenzi welanga liyahlukahluka ngomjikelezo weminyaka eyi-11 kusuka kokuncane kuya kwenye (kuneminye imijikelezo, kepha yinde kakhulu). Kungani isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-11 singaziwa. Ukwehla kwamandla emisebenzi yelanga akukhona nje ukuthi kuyinto yesayensi. Zithinta isimo sezulu noMhlaba jikelele. Ngezikhathi zomsebenzi ophakeme, ubhadane lwezifo luvela kaningi, futhi ingozi yezinhlekelele zemvelo nesomiso iyanda. Ngisho nakubantu abaphilile, ukusebenza kwehliswa kakhulu, futhi kulabo abaphethwe yizifo zenhliziyo, ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuyanda.
7. Izinsuku zelanga, ezichazwa njengesikhawu phakathi kokudlula kweLanga lephuzu elifanayo, imvamisa ubukhulu be-zenith, esibhakabhakeni, umqondo awuqondile. Kokubili i-engeli yokuthambekela komhlaba nejubane lokuzungeza komhlaba kuguqula usayizi wosuku. Usuku lwamanje, olutholwa ngokuhlukanisa unyaka oshisayo wemibandela ube izingxenye ezingama-365.2422, lunobudlelwano obukude kakhulu nokunyakaza kwangempela kweLanga esibhakabhakeni. Vala izinombolo, akukho okunye. Kusuka enkombeni yokufakelwa etholakele, ubude bamahora, imizuzu namasekhondi buthathwa ngokuhlukaniswa. Akumangalisi ukuthi isiqubulo senhlangano yabenzi bamawashi baseParis kwakungamazwi athi “Ilanga ngokukhohlisa likhombisa isikhathi”.
8. Emhlabeni, iLanga, empeleni, lingasiza ekunqumeni amaphuzu asemqoka. Kodwa-ke, zonke izindlela ezaziwayo zokuyisebenzisela le nhloso zinecala lokunganembi okukhulu. Isibonelo, indlela eyaziwayo yokunquma inkomba ebheke eningizimu usebenzisa iwashi, lapho isandla sehora siqonde elangeni, futhi iningizimu ichazwa njengengxenye ye-engeli phakathi kwalesi sandla nenombolo engu-6 noma engu-12, ingaholela ephutheni lama-degree angama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Izandla zihamba ngokudayela endizeni evundlile, futhi ukuhamba kweLanga esibhakabhakeni kunzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela ingasetshenziswa uma udinga ukuhamba amakhilomitha ambalwa ehlathini uye emaphethelweni edolobha. Ehlathini, inqwaba yamakhilomitha ukusuka kuzimpawu zomhlaba ezidumile, akusizi ngalutho.
9. Isimo sobusuku obumhlophe eSt. Petersburg saziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Ngenxa yokuthi ehlobo iLanga licasha ngemuva komkhathizwe isikhashana nje futhi ngokujula ebusuku, inhlokodolobha yaseNyakatho ikhanya ngesizotha ngisho nasebusuku obujulile. Intsha kanye nesimo sedolobha sidlala indima ekuthandweni okubanzi kweSt.Petersburg White Nights. E-Stockholm, ubusuku behlobo abukho mnyama kunalobo baseSt. Petersburg, kepha abantu bahlala lapho hhayi iminyaka engama-300, kepha isikhathi eside, futhi abakaze babone lutho olungajwayelekile kubo isikhathi eside. I-Arkhangelsk Ilanga likhanyisa ebusuku kangcono kunePetersburg, kodwa azikho izimbongi eziningi, ababhali nabadwebi abaphume kumaPomors. Kusukela ku-65 ° 42 'latitude latitude, iLanga alifihli ngemuva komkhathi izinyanga ezintathu. Vele, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinyanga ezintathu ebusika kukhona ubumnyama obumnyama, obukhanyayo, uma futhi unenhlanhla, ngamalambu aseNyakatho. Ngeshwa, enyakatho yeChukotka naseSolovetsky Islands, izimbongi zimbi kakhulu kune-Arkhangelsk. Ngakho-ke, izinsuku ezimnyama zaseChukchi azaziwa kangako emphakathini jikelele njengobusuku obumhlophe beSolovetsky.
10. Ilanga limhlophe. Ithola umbala ohlukile kuphela lapho idlula emkhathini womhlaba ngama-engeli ahlukahlukene, iphinda ingene emoyeni nasezinhlakeni eziqukethwe kuwo. Endleleni, umkhathi womhlaba uyasakaza futhi unciphise ukukhanya kwelanga. Amaplanethi akude, cishe angenawo umkhathi, awuyona neze imibuso emnyama yobumnyama. KuPluto emini kukhanya izikhathi eziningi kunasemhlabeni enyangeni egcwele enesibhakabhaka esicacile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi icwebezela ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-30 kunasebusuku obuqhakazile obumhlophe baseSt.
11. Ukuheha kwenyanga, njengoba wazi, kusebenza ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ukusabela akufani: uma amadwala aqinile oqweqwe lomhlaba ekhuphuka futhi awela kubude obungamasentimitha ambalwa, ukuncipha nokugeleza kwenzeka oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba, kulinganiswa ngamamitha. Ilanga lisebenza embulungeni ngamandla afanayo, kepha linamandla aphindwe izikhathi eziyi-170. Kepha ngenxa yebanga, amandla elanga e-Sun Emhlabeni angaphansi ngamahlandla ama-2.5 kunomthelela ofanayo wenyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNyanga isebenza cishe ngqo eMhlabeni, kanti iLanga lisebenza esikhungweni esijwayelekile sobukhulu bohlelo lwe-Earth-Moon. Yingakho kungekho mahluko ahlukile kumagagasi elanga nawenyanga eMhlabeni, kepha isamba sabo. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwanda kwenyanga kuyanda, kungakhathalekile isigaba sesathelayithi yethu, kwesinye isikhathi kuyancipha ngesikhathi amandla adonsela phansi elanga nawenyanga esebenza ngokwahlukana.
12. Ngokwesikhathi sezinkanyezi, iLanga seliqhakaze ngokugcwele. Sekube khona cishe iminyaka eyizigidigidi ezi-4.5. Ngezinkanyezi, lokhu kumane kungubudala bokuvuthwa. Kancane kancane, inkanyiso izoqala ukufudumala futhi inikeze ukushisa okuthe xaxa esikhaleni esizungezile. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidigidi, iLanga lizofudumala ngo-10%, okwanele ukucishe kuphele nya impilo eMhlabeni. Ilanga lizoqala ukwanda ngokushesha, kanti izinga lokushisa kwalo lanele i-hydrogen ukuqala ukushisa egobolondweni elingaphandle. Inkanyezi izophenduka isidlakela esibomvu. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-12.5 ubudala, iLanga lizoqala ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha okukhulu - izinto ezivela kugobolondo langaphandle zizothathwa umoya welanga. Inkanyezi izophinda inciphe, bese ibuyela emuva isikhashana ibe isigebenga esibomvu futhi. Ngamazinga e-Universe, lesi sigaba ngeke sihlale isikhathi eside - amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka. Ngemuva kwalokho iLanga lizophinda futhi lilahle izingqimba ezingaphandle. Zizoba yi-nebula yamaplanethi, phakathi kwayo lapho kuzoba khona umfutho omhlophe ophela kancane futhi opholile.
13. Ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu emkhathini weLanga (kungamamigri ayizigidi futhi kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa lomgogodla), umkhumbi-mkhathi awukwazi ukuhlola inkanyezi usondele kakhulu. Maphakathi nawo-1970, izazi zezinkanyezi zaseJalimane zethula ama-Helios satellite ngokuya ngeLanga. Inhloso yabo cishe bekuwukusondela eduze neLanga ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuxhumana nomkhumbi-mkhathi wokuqala kuphele ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-47 ukusuka eLangeni. UHelios B wakhuphukela phambili, wasondela enkanyezini kumakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-44. Ukuhlolwa okubiza kangako akuzange kuphindwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukwethula umkhumbi-mkhathi ku-orbit elungile ye-circumsolar, kufanele ithunyelwe nge-Jupiter, eqhelelene kahlanu ukusuka eMhlabeni kuneLanga. Lapho, le divayisi yenza i-maneuver ekhethekile, bese iya eSun, isebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi kaJupiter.
14. Kusukela ngo-1994, ngokwesinyathelo se-European Chapter of the International Society of Solar Energy, iSun Day igujwa minyaka yonke ngomhlaka 3 Meyi. Ngalolu suku kubanjwa imicimbi ekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga: ukuvakashela izikhungo zamandla elanga, imincintiswano yezingane yokudweba, ukugijima kwezimoto ezisebenza ngelanga, izingqungquthela nezingqungquthela. Futhi ku-DPRK, i-Sun Day ingenye yamaholide kazwelonke amakhulu kunawo wonke. Kuliqiniso, akahlangene nakancane nezinkanyiso zethu. Lolu usuku lokuzalwa lomsunguli we-DPRK uKim Il Sung. Ibungazwa ngo-Ephreli 19.
15. Esimweni sokuqagela, uma iLanga liphuma liyeke ukukhipha ukushisa (kepha lihlale endaweni yalo), inhlekelele esheshayo ngeke yenzeke. I-photosynthesis yezitshalo izoma, kepha kuphela abameleli abancane bezimbali abazofa ngokushesha, futhi izihlahla zizophila izinyanga ezimbalwa ezengeziwe. Isici esibi kakhulu kuzoba ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, izokwehla ngokushesha iye ku -17 ° С, kanti manje izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile emhlabeni lingu- + 14.2 ° С. Izinguquko emvelweni zizoba zinkulu, kepha abanye abantu bazoba nesikhathi sokuzisindisa. E-Iceland, isibonelo, amandla angaphezu kuka-80% avela emithonjeni efudunyezwe ukushisa kwentaba-mlilo, futhi ayiyi ndawo. Abanye bazokwazi ukukhosela ezindaweni zokukhosela ezingaphansi komhlaba. Sekukonke, konke lokhu kuzoba ukuphela komhlaba okuhamba kancane.
