Umbhali waseRussia uNikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky wayengumuntu ongakholeki. Le ndoda yahlanganisa ithalente layo lezemibhalo nolwazi olukhulu ngomphakathi, futhi yakwazi nokwabelana ngemibono yenguquko yeningi.
Ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRussia, uNikolai Chernyshevsky wayebhekwa njengothandwayo, kepha ukuxabana phakathi kwakhe nalabo abaphethe kwaphela ngaye. Kakade phakathi nokuba khona kwe-USSR, umsebenzi walo muntu uthole ukuzalwa kwesibili, futhi izincwadi zakhe zaphindaphindwa ngesilinganiso esikhulu.
Emibhalweni esemthethweni yangaleso sikhathi kanye nasezincwadini ezazithunyelwe phakathi kwamaphoyisa ayimfihlo ne-gendarmerie, uChernyshevsky wabizwa ngokuthi "yisitha sokuqala soMbuso WaseRussia."
1. Ubaba uNikolai Chernyshevsky wayengumfundisi ovela emndenini wamaserfs.
2. Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-14, uNikolai Gavrilovich wathola imfundo ekhaya. Uyise, owayeyindoda efundiswe ngokweqile, wayezibandakanya ekuqeqeshweni kwakhe.
3. AmaComrades abiza uChernyshevsky ngokuthi "odla izincwadi" ngoba wawafunda ngokuzimisela, wagwinya imiqulu enesisindo ngokulandelana. Ukomela kwakhe nokushisekela kwakhe ulwazi akuzange kucishwe lutho.
Ukwakheka kwemibono kaChernyshevsky kwathonywa kakhulu ngumbuthano we-I. UVvedensky.
5. UNikolai Gavrilovich ngokwakhe wathi imisebenzi kaHegel nayo yamthonya.
6. Ngokokuqala ngqa, uChernyshevsky wenza okushicilelwe ngo-1853 ezincwadini eziningana zangaleso sikhathi.
7. Ngo-1858, umbhali wawina isihloko esihloniphekile se-Master of Russian Literature.
8. Umsebenzi wokubhala walo muntu waqala nge "St Petersburg Vedomosti" nangokuthi "Amanothi Wezwe Lobaba".
Kusukela ngo-1861, amaphoyisa aqala ukwengamela uNikolai Gavrilovich ngenxa yokuxhumana kwakhe nomphakathi oyimfihlo owawuvukela umbuso.
10. Izenzo zokuphenya zikaChernyshevsky zenziwa izinyanga eziyi-18. Ukuqinisekisa icala lombhali, ikhomishini yabe isisebenzisa izindlela ezingekho emthethweni - ubufakazi bofakazi bamanga, imibhalo yamanga, njalonjalo.
11. UChernyshevsky wachitha iminyaka engaba ngu-20 ejele, ekudingisweni nasemsebenzini onzima wonkana.
12. Phakathi nezinsuku ezingama-678 uChernyshevsky azichitha eboshwa, wabhala umbhalo ngamanani amashidi wombhali okungenani angama-200.
13. Isikhulu sathola ama-ruble angama-50 esiliva ngombhalo wesandla otholakele wenoveli ethi What Is to Be Done?, UNikolai Chernyshevsky olahlekelwe yisileli yakhe kuLiteiny Prospekt.
14. UNikolai Gavrilovich uthathe izigcawu ezithile emisebenzini yombhali waseFrance uGeorges Sand.
15. UNikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky ukwazile ukuhumusha amavolumu ayi-12 kwayi-15 kaG. Weber's "General History" ayisa olimini lwesiRussia, kanti futhi wayezama nokuziphilisa.
16. Kungakhathaleki konke, uChernyshevsky wayemthanda kakhulu umkakhe. Ngenkathi esekudingisweni, akazange ayeke ukumjabulisa. Ngakho-ke, eqopha imali encane ekudleni kwakhe okuncane, uNikolai Gavrilovich wakwazi ukonga imali futhi wamthengela noboya bezimpungushe.
17. Ngenkathi esebenza eSovremennik, lo mbhali futhi ngo-1855 wakwazi ukuvikela ithisisi ngesihloko esithi: "Ubudlelwano bobuhle bobuciko nobungokoqobo." Kuyo, waphika imigomo "yobuciko obumsulwa" futhi waqamba umbono omusha - "okuhle kuyimpilo uqobo."
18. Izihlobo zombhali azizange zimamukele unkosikazi wakhe, futhi edolobheni lakubo kwakukhona ukuhleba nokuhleba okungapheli ngempilo yalezi zithandani.
19. UNikolai wathumela umkakhe izincwadi ezingama-300 evela ekudingisweni, kodwa kamuva wayeka ukumbhalela ngokuphelele, ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi uVasilyev kufanele akhohlwe ngokushesha okukhulu.
20. U-Ivan Fedorovich Savitsky, owayengumvukeli ongaphansi komhlaba, wayevakashela njalo indlu yaseChernyshevskys. Wayevame ukuya kubo hhayi kuphela ngebhizinisi, kodwa nangothando oluqinile. Unkosikazi kaChernyshevsky kwasekuqaleni wababaza uSavitsky, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana kwavela ukuthandana phakathi kwabo.
21. UNikolai Chernyshevsky wayekholelwa ukuthi umndeni kufanele ube nokulingana emisebenzini nakumalungelo abantu abashadile. Lesi sikhundla sivele saba nesibindi ngalezo zikhathi. UNikolai Gavrilovich unikeze umkakhe inkululeko ephelele yokusebenza, kuze kube ukukhaphela, ethi yena ngokwakhe kufanele alahle umzimba wakhe njengoba efuna.
22. Esinye sezikhumbuzo ezikhuluma kakhulu kuChernyshevsky yileso esenziwe ngumqophi uV.V. ILishev. Itshe lesikhumbuzo lavulwa eLeningrad eMoskovsky Prospekt ngoFebhuwari 2, 1947.
23. UNikolai Chernyshevsky endimeni yesazi semibono yenguquko kanye nombhali wamanoveli kukhulunywe ngaye ezitatimendeni zikaF.
24. Umbhali ushone ngo-Okthoba 29, 1989 ngenxa yokopha ebuchosheni.
25. Iningi lezisho zakhe ezihlakaniphile zagcina seziba ama-aphorism. Lokhu kunjengokuthi: "Konke okuhle kuyasiza, konke okubi kuyingozi", "Izindlela ezimbi zilungele kuphela inhloso embi, futhi ezinhle kuphela ezilungele okuhle", "Amandla omuntu ayisizathu, ukungakunaki kuholela ekuphelelweni amandla."
