Ngamunye wethu kusukela eminyakeni yesikole uyazi indaba yokuthi iRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIII yathunjwa ibutho langaphandle likaKhan Batu. Laba banqobi babevela emathafeni anamuhla aseMongolia. Izindimbane ezinkulu zawela eRussia, nabagibeli bamahhashi abangenasihe, ababehlome ngama-sabers agobile, abawubonanga umusa ngaleso sikhathi futhi basebenza kahle ngokulingana emathafeni nasemahlathini aseRussia. Ngasikhathi sinye, imifula efriziwe yayisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa ngokushesha iRussia off-road. Abanqobi babekhuluma ngolimi olungaqondakali. Babebhekwa njengabahedeni futhi babebukeka njengamaMongoloid.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kunolwazi oluningi olusenze sabheka ngokuhlukile enguqulweni ejwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Lokhu akumayelana nemithombo ethile eyimfihlo noma emisha izazi-mlando ezingazange ziyicabangele ngaleso sikhathi. Sikhuluma ngemilando kanye neminye imithombo yeNkathi Ephakathi, lapho nabasekeli benguqulo yejoka le- "Mongol-Tatar" babuye bathembela kuyo.
Igama elithi "Mongol-Tatar yoke" uqobo lwakhiwa ngababhali basePoland. Owayengumbhali wezincwadi nozakwabo uJan Dlugosz ngo-1479 wakwazi ukubiza leso sikhathi sokuba khona kweGolden Horde ngaleyo ndlela. Isazi-mlando uMatthew Mekhovsky waphinda emva kwakhe ngo-1517 wathi wasebenza e-University of Krakow.
1. Ngokwemininingwane yomlando, wonke amasosha alwa ngaphansi kobuholi bukaBatu abizwa ngamaTatar-Mongols. Ngokutadisha okuningiliziwe komlando, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola ukuthi empini yokuqala enjalo eKalka akusibo abalwa ohlangothini lwabahlaseli, kodwa abantu baseRussia abakhululekile, babecabanga ababengaphambi kwabo beCossack.
2. Ngenkathi iKiev ibanjwa ijoka lamaTatar-Mongol, zonke izakhiwo zasendlini nezokuhlala, izinqaba nezigodlo zaba umlotha.
3. Ukubalwa kwabantu kokuqala emlandweni waseRussia kwenziwa ngabamele ibutho laseTatar-Mongol. Babe sebedinga ukuqoqa idatha enembile maqondana nezakhamizi zobuphathi obubodwa, kanye nokuhlala kwabo ezindaweni.
4. I-voivode yaseKiev uDmitr, owalwa ngesibindi neviyo lejoka elisabekayo lamaTatar-Mongol futhi wahola ukuzivikela komuzi ngaleso sikhathi, ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwebutho laseRussia njengoba indoda eyayilimele yathathwa isiboshwa ngamaMongol. UBatu Khan, njengoba ayenebuthakathaka bezimbangi ezinqotshiwe, kepha ezinganqotshwanga ngokwengqondo, wakwazi ukushiya le voivode kuye njengesikhulu sezempi.
5. Ngokusobala imfihlo yamahhashi amaTatar-Mongolian yayisezinhlotsheni ezikhethekile zamahhashi aseMongolia. La mahhashi ayeqinile futhi engathobekile. Babekwazi ukuzitholela ukudla ngisho nasemakhazeni asebusika.
6. Ngenkathi abahlaseli be- "Mongol-Tatar" bevela enhlabathini yaseRussia, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox laqala ukuchuma. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukwakha inqwaba yamathempeli, ikakhulukazi kuquqaba uqobo, ukwenyuka kwesithunzi sesonto kwenzeka, futhi isonto lazuza izinzuzo ezithile.
7. Kuyathakazelisa nokuthi ulimi olubhalwe ngesiRashiya ekuqaleni kwejoka lamaTatar-Mongol lufinyelele ezingeni elisha.
8. Ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwamaqiniso omlando, kuyacaca ukuthi "ijoka lamaTatar-Mongol" laqanjwa kuphela ukuze kufihlwe imiphumela ngemuva kokubhabhadiswa kukaKievan Rus. Le nkolo yabe isimiswa ngendlela ekude nokuthula.
9. UGenghis Khan akulona igama, kepha yisiqu esithi "inkosana yezempi", okuthi ezikhathini zanamuhla sisondele esikhundleni sokuba nguMkhuzi-oyiNhloko wezempi. Kwakunabantu abaningana ababeneziqu ezinjalo. Ovelele kunabo bonke nguTimur, futhi nguyena okukhulunywa ngaye njengoGenghis Khan.
10. Ngesikhathi sokukhona kwejoka lamaTatar-Mongol, akukho mbhalo owodwa olimini lwaseMongolia noma lwesiTatar olondoloziwe. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunemibhalo eminingi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngesiRussia.
