Ngaphambi kokuqala ingxoxo ngokwakhiwa komzimba njengokuthuthuka komzimba wemisipha yomzimba womuntu, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kokucaciswa kwalomqondo. Cishe noma yimuphi umgijimi usebenza ekuthuthukiseni imisipha yabo. Okuhlukile, okufana nabadlali be-chess noma abaphathi be-poker yezemidlalo, bakha amaphesenti amancane ngokushabalalayo.
Iningi labasubathi lithuthukisa imisipha yabo ngokuya ngenhloso abenzelwe yona. Yiqiniso, umsebenzi wenziwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kuhlale kunemisipha ebaluleke kakhulu nemisipha esizayo. Ukwenza isibonelo, ukuhamba ngezinyawo kubaluleke kakhulu esibhakeleni, kodwa ukukhahlela kusaletha impumelelo kulo mdlalo. Kunemidlalo eminingi lapho ukucaciswa kokunyakaza okuphindaphindwayo kukuvumela ukuthi uqophe inani elifanele lezemidlalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amasu akhethekile. Lawa yi-gymnastics, ukubhukuda, ithenisi nezinye izinhlobo. Kepha ngokujwayelekile, imidlalo ephezulu yokusebenza ibonakala ngokuthuthuka komzimba ngokugcizelela imisipha engukhiye walo mdlalo.
Ingxoxo izoqhubeka nokwakha umzimba njengobuciko ngenxa yobuciko, lapho imisipha ikhula ngenhloso yokubonisa, kungaba yibo uqobo esibukweni, noma emantombazaneni asebhishi, noma kwijaji eliphezulu emqhudelwaneni wokwakha umzimba. Kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu kuzofaka nezinketho ezinjengokuthi "uzikhiphele wena" noma "udinga ukuhlanza isisu sakho."
Ngokwesimo, izazi zokwakha umzimba kanye nezazi-mlando azenzi mahluko onjalo. Baqala ukukhuluma ngoMilo waseCroton, ethwele inkunzi, nabanye abadlali bezikhathi zasendulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iqiniso lihlala ekusithekeni ukuthi bobabili uMilon nabanye abameleli bezemidlalo yasendulo babecabanga ngobuhle besibalo ekugcineni, yize amaGreki ayenehlelo lomzimba wezemidlalo. I-Milon efanayo, ngokusho kokulinganisa, ngobude obungu-170 cm, yayinesisindo esingama-130 kg. Inhloso yabasubathi ababambe iqhaza kwezemidlalo kwakuwukuwina iMidlalo Yama-Olympic. Ukunqoba okunjalo ngokushesha nje akugcini ngokuletha inkazimulo nengcebo kumuntu, kodwa futhi kwamphakamisa ngezinyathelo zobukhosi bezenhlalo. Cishe isiko elifanayo lalikhona kwaze kwaba cishe ngawo-1960 e-United States. Lapho-ke, ukwethula umuntu ngaphambi kwenkulumo yeningi, kwashiwo nakanjani ukuthi wayengumpetha wama-Olimpiki, owathola izindondo emidlalweni yama-Olimpiki futhi eyilungu leqembu lase-US lama-Olimpiki, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubunjani kulo mdlalo. Ngokuxokozela kohlelo lwama-Olimpiki nokuvela kwezinkulungwane zama-Olimpiki, leli siko lanyamalala. EGrisi lasendulo, i-Olympian yayingakhethwa ezikhundleni eziphezulu kakhulu. Kepha hhayi ngenxa yobuhle bomzimba, kepha ngenxa yomoya wokulwa, ubuhlakani nesibindi, ngaphandle kwawo awukwazi ukunqoba ama-Olimpiki.
1. Umlando wokwakha umzimba ungaqala ngoKönigsberg, lapho ngo-1867 kwazalwa umfana obuthakathaka futhi ogulayo ogama lakhe linguFriedrich Müller. Kuphakathi kokuthi wayenesimo sensimbi ngokwemvelo, noma ontanga yakhe bakuthola kungaphezu kwesilinganiso, noma zombili lezi zici zasebenza, kepha uFrederick usekwishumi elivisayo waqala ukusebenza ngokuzithuthukisa kwakhe ngokomzimba futhi waphumelela kakhulu kulokhu. Ekuqaleni, waba wrestling engenakunqotshwa esekisini. Kwathi lapho izimbangi ziphela, waqala ukukhombisa ubuqili obungakaze bube khona. Wenze ama-push-up angu-200 esuka phansi ngemizuzu engu-4, wacindezela ibarbell enesisindo esingu-122 kilograms ngesandla esisodwa, wabamba ipulatifomu ne-orchestra yabantu abayi-8 esifubeni sakhe, njll. Ngo-1894, uFriedrich Müller, owayedlala ngaphansi kwegama lomlobi u-Evgeny Sandov (umama wakhe wayengumRashiya), ngaphansi kwegama u-Eugene Sandow waya e-USA. Lapho akazange enze kuphela ngezinombolo zokubonisa, kodwa futhi wakhangisa ngemishini yezemidlalo, imishini kanye nokudla okunempilo. Ebuyela eYurophu, uSandow wazinza eNgilandi, lapho afike khona wahlekisa ngoKing George V. Ngo-1901, eLondon, ngaphansi kwenkosi, umqhudelwano wokuqala wezemidlalo wezemidlalo wabanjwa - okuyisibonelo salomqhudelwano wamanje wokwakha umzimba. Elinye lamajaji kwakungumbhali odumile u-Arthur Conan Doyle. USandow wagqugquzela ukwakhiwa komzimba emazweni ahlukahlukene, esehambele umhlaba wonke ngenxa yalokhu, futhi wenza nohlelo lokuzivocavoca amasosha ezokuvikela izindawo zaseBrithani. “Father of Bodybuilding” (njengoba kwakubhalwe etsheni lakhe lethuna isikhathi esithile) washona ngo-1925. Isibalo sakhe asifakwa endebeni, etholwa minyaka yonke ngumnqobi womqhudelwano “kaMnu Olympia”.
2. Ngaphandle kokuthandwa okumangalisayo kwamadoda anamandla emhlabeni wonke, ngisho nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, umbono wezindlela zokwandisa ubukhulu bemisipha wawusanda kuqala. Isibonelo, uTheodor Siebert uthathwa njengomuntu oguqula indlela yokuqeqeshwa. Inguquko yayinezincomo manje esezaziwa ngisho nakwabaqalayo: ukuqeqeshwa okuvamile nokuphindaphinda ukuzivocavoca, imithamo yokudla, ukudla okunama-khalori amaningi nenani elikhulu lamaprotheni, ukugwema utshwala nokubhema, izingubo zokuxegiselwa zokuqeqeshwa, umsebenzi omncane wobulili. Kamuva, uSiebert wangeniswa eyoga nasekulumbeni, okwakungaqondakali ngenkuthalo, futhi manje imibono yakhe yaziwa ikakhulu kusukela ekulandiseni kabusha kwabanye ababhali ngaphandle kokubhekisela emthonjeni.
3. Ukwanda kokuqala kokuthandwa kokwakhiwa komzimba e-United States kwakuhlotshaniswa noCharles Atlas. Lo mfuduki wase-Italy (igama langempela u-Angelo Siciliano) wenza uhlelo lokuzivocavoca lwe-isotonic. Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, ngokusho kwe-Atlas, waba ngumsubathi ovela esikhunjeni esikhumba. I-Atlas yakhangisa uhlelo lwayo ngendlela exakile futhi yangaphumelela yaze yahlangana noCharles Roman, owayesebhizinisini lokukhangisa. Le noveli iholele umkhankaso ngolaka kangangokuba ngemuva kwesikhashana lonke elaseMelika lezwa nge-Atlas. Uhlelo lokuzivocavoca kwakhe aluzange luphumelele, kepha owakha umzimba uqobo wakwazi ukwenza imali enhle ngezithombe zomagazini nezinkontileka zokukhangisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababazi bokuqopha abahola phambili bammema ngokuzithandela ukuthi azohlala njengamamodeli. Isibonelo, i-Atlas yacela u-Alexander Calder noHermon McNeill ngenkathi benza itshe lesikhumbuzo likaGeorge Washington elalakhiwe eWashington Square eNew York.
4. Mhlawumbe owokuqala "owakha umzimba omsulwa" ukuba abe yisihlabani ngaphandle kokuphakanyiswa kwakunguClarence Ross. Umsulwa ngomqondo wokuthi phambi kwakhe bonke abakhi bomzimba beza kuleli fomu bevela ku-wrestling wendabuko noma amaqhinga wamandla. I-American, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yaqala ukuzibandakanya nokwakha umzimba ngqo ngenhloso yokuthola isisindo somzimba. Intandane ezalwe ngo-1923, yakhulela emindenini engabondli. Ku-17, ngobude obungu-175 cm, wayenesisindo esingaphansi kuka-60 kg. URoss wenqatshwa lapho ethatha isinqumo sokujoyina i-Air Force. Isikhathi esingangonyaka umfana wakwazi ukuthola amakhilogremu adingekayo futhi wayokhonza eLas Vegas. Akazange ayeke ukwakha umzimba. Ngo-1945 wawina umncintiswano kaMnu America, waba ngusomagazini futhi wathola izinkontileka eziningi zokukhangisa. Lokhu kwamvumela ukuthi avule ibhizinisi lakhe futhi angabe esancika ekunqobeni emincintiswaneni. Yize ekwazile ukuwina imiqhudelwano embalwa.
5. Abasubathi abanamandla, vele, babefunwa ebhayisikobho, futhi amadoda amaningi anamandla adutshulwa ezinhlangothini ze-cameo. Kodwa-ke, uSteve Reeves ubhekwa ngokufanele njengenkanyezi yokuqala ye-movie phakathi kwabakhi bomzimba. Ngokushesha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, umqambi womzimba waseMelika oneminyaka engu-20 owayeselwile ePhilippines wanqoba imiqhudelwano eminingana. Ngemuva kokuwina isicoco esithi "Mr. Olympia" ngo-1950, uReeves wanquma ukwamukela isicelo esivela eHollywood. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nedatha yakhe, kwathatha iminyaka engu-8 ukuthi uReeves anqobe umhlaba we-cinema, futhi noma kunjalo kwakudingeka aye e-Italy. Ukuthandwa kwamenza waba ngumlingisi kaHercules kwifilimu ethi "The exploits of Hercules" (1958). Impumelelo yefilimu ethi "The Feats of Hercules: Hercules and Queen Lydia", eyakhishwa ngemuva konyaka, yahlanganisa impumelelo yayo. Ngemuva kwabo, uReeves wadlala indima yamaqhawe asendulo noma ayinganekwane kumafilimu ase-Italy. Umsebenzi wakhe wefilimu uthathe isikhathi esiphindwe kabili kunomsebenzi wakhe wokwakha umzimba. Kuze kwavela yena uqobo esikrinini sika-Arnold Schwarzenegger, igama elithi "Reeves" ebhayisikobho lalibizwa ngokuthi yi-thug-up thug. Wayaziwa kakhulu eSoviet Union futhi - ababukeli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-36 baseSoviet babebuka i- "The Feats of Hercules".
6. Isikhathi sokwakha umzimba e-United States saqala ngawo-1960. Ngasohlangothini lwenhlangano, abazalwane abanzi baba negalelo elikhulu kuyo. UJoe noBen Weider basungule i-Bodybuilding Federation futhi baqala ukusingatha imiqhudelwano ehlukahlukene, kubandakanya noMnuz Olympia noNkk Olympia. UJoe Weider ubengumqeqeshi osezingeni eliphezulu. U-Arnold Schwarzenegger, uLarry Scott noFranco Colombo bafunda naye. Abazalwane bakwaWider basungule eyabo indlu yokushicilela, eyayishicilela izincwadi nomagazini ngokwakha umzimba. Abakhi bomzimba abadumile babethandwa kakhulu kangangokuba babengakwazi ukuhamba emigwaqweni - bazungezwa ngokushesha isixuku sabalandeli. Abasubathi bazizwa bezolile kancane ogwini lwaseCalifornia kuphela, lapho abantu bajwayele izinkanyezi.
7. Igama likaJoe Gold laduma ngeminyaka yama-1960. Lo msubathi akakazinqobanga iziqu, kepha usephenduke umphefumulo womphakathi owakha umzimba eCalifornia. Umbuso weGolide uqale ngokuzivocavoca okukodwa, kwase kuthi iGym's Gym yaqala ukubonakala kulo lonke ugu lwasePacific. Emahholo eGolide, cishe zonke izinkanyezi zokwakha umzimba zaleyo minyaka zazibandakanyekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahholo eGolide ayethandwa yizinhlobo zonke zosaziwayo baseCalifornia ababebuka ngokucophelela izibalo zabo.
8. Kuthiwa kumnyama bhuqe ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Ngo sawo esiningi kwaba ngenye indlela - the heyday ngokushesha kakhulu washiya indlela ngokoqobo hellish ubumnyama. Kakade ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960, ama-anabolic steroids neminye imikhiqizo emnandi futhi enempilo ngokufanayo yafika ekwakheni umzimba. Kule minyaka engamashumi amabili ezayo, ukwakha umzimba sekuyisiqhathaniso sezintaba ezesabekayo zemisipha. Kwakusekhona amafilimu ezikrinini ngokubamba iqhaza kukaSteve Reeves, owayebukeka njengomuntu ojwayelekile, indoda enamandla kakhulu futhi enkulu (ivolumu ye-biceps yayinebhadi elingu-45 cm), nasemahholo abakhi bomzimba base bevele bexoxa ngamathuba okukhulisa ibhande le-biceps ngesentimitha elilodwa nohhafu ngenyanga nokwandisa isisindo somzimba ngo-10 kg. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ama-anabolic steroids ayemasha. Bazame nabo emuva ngawo-1940. Kodwa-ke, kwakungo-1970 lapho kwavela khona izidakamizwa ezingabizi kakhulu futhi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ama-Anabolic steroids asetshenziswe yimidlalo yokuzivocavoca emhlabeni wonke. Kepha ekwakheni umzimba, ama-anabolic steroids akhombisile ukuthi ayisinongo esifanele. Uma ukwanda kwesisindo semisipha ngokuzivocavoca umzimba kunomkhawulo, ama-anabolics wona awusunduza lo mkhawulo ongaphezu kwesibhakabhaka. Lapho isibindi senqabe khona, negazi laqina kakhulu kangangokuba inhliziyo yahluleka ukusiphusha ngemikhumbi. Izifo eziningi nokufa akuzange kumise noma ngubani - ngemuva kwakho konke, uSchwarzenegger ngokwakhe uthathe ama-steroids, futhi umbheke! Ama-Anabolics kwezemidlalo avinjelwa ngokushesha, futhi kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ukuwaqeda. Futhi ukwakha umzimba akuwona neze umdlalo - aze afakwe ohlwini lwezidakamizwa ezingavunyelwe, futhi kwezinye izindawo ku-Criminal Code, ama-anabolics athathwe ngokusobala. Futhi imincintiswano yokwakha umzimba yaba mnandi kuphela eqenjini elincane labantu abadla amaphilisi.
9. Ngezinga elilinganisiwe, ngendlela efanele yokuqeqeshwa nokondleka, ukwakha umzimba kunenzuzo enkulu. Ngesikhathi samakilasi, uhlelo lwezinhliziyo luqeqeshwe, ukushaya komfutho nomfutho wegazi kujwayelekile (ukuqeqeshwa kubulala i-cholesterol), izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyehla eminyakeni yobudala, okungukuthi, ukuguga komzimba kuncipha. Ukwakha umzimba kunenzuzo ngisho nasendaweni yokubuka kwengqondo - ukuzivocavoca okuqinile, okujwayelekile kungasiza ekunqobeni ukucindezeleka. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunomphumela omuhle nasemalungeni nasemathanjeni.
10. ESoviet Union, ukwakha umzimba sekuyisikhathi eside kuthathwa njengesifiso. Ngezikhathi ezithile, imincintiswano yobuhle bomzimba yayiba ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene. Umncintiswano wokuqala onje wenzeka eMoscow emuva ngo-1948. UGeorgy Tenno, isisebenzi seCentral Scientific Research Institute of Physical Education (wavela encwadini ka-A. Solzhenitsyn ethi “The Gulag Archipelago” cishe ngaphansi kwegama lakhe - watholwa enecala lobunhloli futhi wasebenza nesikhathi nomuntu owathola umklomelo kaNobel wesikhathi esizayo) wenza futhi wakhipha izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, ukudla, njll. Ngo-1968, uTenno wahlanganisa umsebenzi wakhe encwadini ethi Athleticism. Kuze kwawa i-Iron Curtain, yahlala iyincwadi eyodwa kuphela yolimi lwesiRussia yabakhi bomzimba. Bahlangana ezigabeni eziningi, imvamisa besebenza emahholo ezemidlalo esikhungo sokuzijabulisa noma ezigodlweni zezemidlalo zamabhizinisi ezimboni. Kukholakala ukuthi ukushushiswa kwabakhi bomzimba kwaqala ekuqaleni kwawo-1970. Empeleni, lokhu kushushiswa kubilise ekutheni isikhathi ejimini, imali yezinsizakusebenza namazinga okuqeqesha anikezwa izinhlobo ezibalulekile eziletha izindondo zama-Olimpiki. Kuhlelo lweSoviet kunengqondo impela - izintshisekelo zombuso wokuqala, bese kuba ezomuntu siqu.
11. Kwezemidlalo ukwakha umzimba, imincintiswano, njengasesibhakeleni, ibanjwa ngokwezinhlobo zemifelandawonye yamazwe ngamazwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okugunyazwe kakhulu yi-International Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness (IFBB), esungulwe ngabazalwane bakwaWider. Kodwa-ke, okungenani ezinye izinhlangano ezi-4 futhi zihlanganisa inani elikhulu labasubathi futhi zibamba imincintiswano yazo, zichaze ompetha. Futhi uma abashayisibhakela ngezikhathi ezithile bedlulisa lokho okuthiwa. izimpi zobumbano, lapho amabhande obuqhawe edlalwa ngasikhathi sinye ngokusho kwezinguqulo eziningana, khona-ke ekwakheni umzimba akukho mkhuba onjalo. Kukhona nezinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba ezi-5, ezibandakanya abasubathi abenza “okumsulwa” ukwakha umzimba, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-anabolic steroids nezinye izinhlobo zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Igama lalezi zinhlangano lihlala liqukethe igama elithi "Yemvelo" - "okwemvelo".
12. Ukungena eqenjini lezemidlalo lokwakha umzimba, lapho kuphakama imali enqala, akulula ngisho nakumakhi womzimba osezingeni eliphezulu. Kunemincintiswano eminingana efanelekayo kazwelonke neyamazwe omhlaba edinga ukunqotshwa. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho umuntu engasho khona ukuthi ikhomishini ekhethekile izokhipha umgijimi iPro Card - idokhumenti emvumela ukuthi abambe iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni emikhulu. Uma ubheka iqiniso lokuthi ukwakhiwa komzimba kuyisiyalo esizimele ngokuphelele (impumelelo incike ekutheni amajaji ayamthanda lo msubathi noma cha), kungashiwo ngokusobala ukuthi abafikayo abalindelekile kwabaphezulu.
13. Imincintiswano yokwakha umzimba ibanjwa emikhakheni eminingi. Kwabesilisa, lokhu ukwakha umzimba okudala (izintaba zemisipha ezigqokweni zokubhukuda ezimnyama) kanye nezazi zemvelo - izintaba zemisipha emincane emabhulukweni amafushane olwandle. Abesifazane banezigaba eziningi: ukwakha umzimba kwabesifazane, ukuqina komzimba, ukuqina komzimba, i-bikini yokuqina kanye nemodeli yokuqina. Ngaphezu kweziyalo, ababambe iqhaza kulo mncintiswano bahlukaniswe ngezigaba zesisindo. Ngokwehlukana, imincintiswano ibanjelwa amantombazane, amantombazane, abafana nezinsizwa, kukhona nemikhakha ehlukene lapha. Ngenxa yalokhu, cishe kuqhutshwa imiqhudelwano engama-2 500 minyaka yonke ngaphansi kwesandla se-IFBB.
14. Umncintiswano ohlonishwa kakhulu wabakhi bomzimba wumqhudelwano kaMnu. Olympia. Lo mqhudelwano ubulokhu wabanjwa kusukela ngo-1965. Imvamisa abawinile bawina imiqhudelwano eminingi ilandelana, ukunqoba kwabangashadile akuvamile. U-Arnold Schwarzenegger, isibonelo, uwine isicoco sikaMnu Olympia amahlandla ayi-7 phakathi kuka-1970 no-1980. Kepha akayena ophethe irekhodi - abaseMelika uLee Haney noRonnie Coleman bawine lo mqhudelwano amahlandla ayi-8. USchwarzenegger uphethe amarekhodi omnqobi omncane kunabo bonke futhi omude kunabo bonke.
15. Umnikazi werekhodi lomhlaba ngobukhulu be-biceps nguGreg Valentino, onebhande le-biceps elalingamasentimitha angama-71. Kuyiqiniso, abaningi abamamukeli uValentino njengomnikazi werekhodi, ngoba wakhulisa imisipha ngemijovo ye-synthol, into eyenziwe ngokukhethekile ukukhulisa ivolumu yemisipha. Synthol kubangele suppuration eValentino, okwakudingeka ukwelashwa isikhathi eside. Ama-biceps "emvelo" amakhulu kunawo wonke - u-64.7 cm - aphethwe nguMustafa Ishmael waseGibhithe. U-Eric Frankhauser noBen Pakulski babelana ngesihloko somakhi womzimba ngemisipha emikhulu kakhulu yethole. Ububanzi bemisipha yabo yethole bungamasentimitha angama-56. Kukholakala ukuthi isifuba sika-Arnold Schwarzenegger siyiso esilingana kakhulu, kodwa ngezinombolo u-Arnie uphansi kakhulu kunomgcini werekhodi uGreg Kovacs - 145 cm uma kuqhathaniswa no-187.AbakwaKovacs badlula abancintisana nabo esinqeni sesinqe - u-89 cm - kepha, kule nkomba, uVictor Richard wamdlula. Isinqe sesinqe sendoda enamandla omnyama (isisindo esingu-150 kg ngobude obungu-176 cm) singama-93 cm.
