Idolobha laseSamara lasungulwa ngo-1586 njengenqaba ebhendi ebaluleke kakhulu eVolga lapho kuhlangana khona uMfula iSamara. Ngokushesha okukhulu, le nqaba yalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo kwezempi nangamasu, njengoba umugqa wengxabano phakathi kwamaRussia kanye nabahambahamba wabuyela emuva empumalanga naseningizimu.
Imodeli yenqaba iSamara
Kodwa-ke, uSamara akazange abole, njengezinqaba ezifanayo emingceleni yakudala yaseRussia. Idolobha laba yindawo yokuhweba enomdlandla, futhi isikhundla salo sakhuphuka kancane kancane sisuka esigabeni sesimanje saya enhlokodolobha yesifundazwe iSamara. ESamara, kwahlangana umzila womhlaba osuka entshonalanga uye empumalanga nomgwaqo osuka enyakatho uye eningizimu. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesitimela sase-Orenburg, ukuthuthukiswa kweSamara kwaba nokuqhuma.
Kancane kancane, leli dolobha, elisendaweni engamakhilomitha ayi-1 000 ukusuka eMoscow, lasuka edolobheni lezentengiselwano laba isikhungo sezimboni. Inqwaba yamabhizinisi amakhulu ezimboni asebenza eSamara namuhla. Idolobha nalo lithathwa njengesikhungo semfundo nesiko.
Kusukela ngo-1935 kuya ku-1991, uSamara wabizwa ngoKuibyshev ngokuhlonipha umuntu ovelele eqenjini lamaBolshevik.
Inani labantu baseSamara ngabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1,16, okuyisibonakaliso sesishiyagalolunye eRussia. Ulwazi oludume kakhulu ngedolobha: isiteshi sesitimela siphakeme kakhulu, kanti iKuibyshev Square yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Nokho, hhayi kuphela osayizi ezithakazelisayo emlandweni futhi yesimanje Samara.
1. Olunye lwezimpawu zeSamara ubhiya kaZhiguli. Ngo-1881, usomabhizinisi wase-Austria u-Alfred von Wakano wavula indawo yokuphisa utshwala eSamara. UVon Wakano wayazi okuningi hhayi kuphela ngobhiya, kodwa nangemishini yokukhiqizwa kwawo - wayesebenza ezindaweni zokuphisa e-Austria naseCzech Republic, futhi ethengisa ngempumelelo imishini yobhiya eRussia. Ubhiya ovela esitshalweni iSamara waziswa ngokushesha, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwaqala ukukhula ngokugqagqana. Ngaleyo minyaka, "iZhigulevskoye" yayisho "ukukhiqizwa esitshalweni eSamara". Ubhiya wegama elifanayo wadalwa vele ngawo-1930 ngokuyalelwa ngu-Anastas Mikoyan, umholi weqembu owenza lukhulu ekuthuthukiseni imboni yezokudla e-USSR. Ngamafuphi, uMikoyan ucele ukwenziwa ngcono kancane kotshwala obukhiqizwa endaweni okwenziwa kuyo utshwala eZhiguli. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinesisindo se-wort esingu-11% kanye nengxenyana yotshwala engu-2.8% yaba ubhiya omuhle kakhulu waseSoviet. Yakhiqizwa ngamakhulu ezinkampani eziphisa utshwala ezweni lonke. Kodwa iZhigulevskoye eyiqiniso ikhiqizwa kuphela esitshalweni eSamara. Ungayithenga esitolo esiseduze kwesango lefektri, noma ungayinambitha ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwemboni, okubiza ama-ruble angama-800.
U-Alfred von Wakano - mhlawumbe omunye wabahlali base Samara abavelele
2. Kwezinye izindlu ezindala, zisemi enkabeni yeSamara, namanje awekho amanzi aphakathi nendawo. Abantu bakha amanzi emapayipini. Kukhona ukusola ukuthi kwezinye izingxenye zedolobha izizukulwane ezimbalwa zabahlali baseSamara abazi ukuthi ziyini. Kepha ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuphakathi, izindlu ngazinye namahhotela eSamara, kwavela eSamara ngo-1887. Ngokusho kwephrojekthi yokuqala yonjiniyela waseMoscow uNikolai Zimin, kwakhiwa isiteshi sokumpompa futhi kwafakwa amakhilomitha okuqala wepayipi lamanzi. Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi iSamara nalo lwenza umsebenzi wokulwa nomlilo - imililo kwakuyisishayo seSamara yokhuni. Osomabhizinisi babala lokho ngokuthi “konga” ingcebo - bayisindisa emlilweni - uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi olukhokhelwe kungakapheli nonyaka lusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi ahlinzeka ngemithombo eyishumi yedolobha futhi asetshenziselwa ukunisela izingadi zedolobha. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ukutholakala kwamanzi bekukhululekile ngokuphelele ngokomthetho: ngokwemithetho yangaleso sikhathi, iziphathimandla zendawo zazinelungelo lokumane zenyuse intela yendawo kancane ngale njongo. Ukukhucululwa kwendle kwakukubi kakhulu. Ngisho nengcindezi yomnikazi wesikhungo esidayisa utshwala saseZhiguli, u-Alfred von Wakano, owayekulungele ukubamba futhi ethokozela igunya elibi eSamara, wenza ngendlela ebuthaka. Ngo-1912 kuphela kwaqala ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokuthuthwa kwendle. Iqale ukusebenza ezingxenyeni ezithile kwathi ngo-1918 bakwazi ukubeka amakhilomitha angama-35 abaqoqi namapayipi.
3. Intuthuko esheshayo yaseSamara ngekhulu le-19 yadonsela abantu edolobheni, kungakhathalekile ubuzwe babo. Kancane kancane, kwamiswa umphakathi wamaKatolika obucayi kuleli dolobha. Imvume yokwakha yatholakala ngokushesha, futhi abakhi baqala ukwakha isonto lamaKatolika. Kodwa kwathi ngo-1863 kwaqubuka esinye isiphithiphithi ePoland. Inqwaba yamaPolesi eSamara yathunyelwa emazweni anzima kakhulu, futhi ukwakhiwa kwesonto kwakwenqatshelwe. Ukwakhiwa kuqale kabusha kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Isonto lahlanjululwa ngo-1906. Yasinda ezinxushunxushwini zezenhlalo nezepolitiki zezinguquko kanye neMpi Yombango, kepha inkonzo kuyo yahlala kuphela kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-1920. Kwabe sekuvalwa isonto. Ngo-1941, iSamara Museum of Local Lore yathuthela kuyo. Izinkonzo zamaKatolika zaqala kabusha ngo-1996. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-100 yomlando wayo, ukwakhiwa kwethempeli leNhliziyo Engcwele kaJesu kwasetshenziselwa inhloso eyayihloselwe iminyaka engaba ngu-40 kuphela.
4. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, abaphezulu baseSamara kancane kancane baba nentshisekelo kwezemfundo nokukhanyiselwa. Uma ngo-1852 abathengisi, ababengabaningi beCity Duma, baphendula ngokwenqaba ngokwedlulele - ukuvukela umbuso esiphakamisweni sokuvula indlu yokuphrinta edolobheni, bese kuthi eminyakeni engama-30 kamuva isiphakamiso sokwakha isigcinimlando somlando wendawo samukelwa ngemvume. NgoNovemba 13, 1886, iSamara Museum of History and Local Lore yazalwa. Imibukiso yaqoqwa emhlabeni ngentambo. UGrand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich unikele ngamaTurkmen izinto zokugqoka nezinhlamvu eziyi-14. Umthwebuli zithombe odumile u-Alexander Vasiliev unikele ngeqoqo lezithombe zokusitheka kwelanga, njll. Ngo-1896, umnyuziyamu wathuthela esakhiweni esihlukile futhi wavula ukuvakashelwa ngobuningi. Umculi nomqokeleli ongakhathali uKonstantin Golovkin wadlala indima enkulu ekukhuleni kwayo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza waqhamuka nezincwadi ezivela kubaculi, abaqoqi kanye nabaxhasi bezobuciko. Kwakunamakhulu wezithasiselo ohlwini lwakhe. Lezi zincwadi azilahlekanga ngeze - ekuphenduleni, umnyuziyamu wathola imisebenzi eminingi eyakha iqoqo elibucayi. Manje iminyuziyamu ithatha isakhiwo esikhulu segatsha langaphambili le-IV Lenin Museum. Kubandakanya neminyuziyamu yezindlu yaseLenin neMV Frunze, kanye ne-Art Nouveau Museum etholakala esigodlweni saseKurlina. ISamara Museum of History and Local Lore ibizwa ngegama lomqondisi wayo wokuqala, uPeter Alabin.
5. Njengoba wazi, ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, i-Kuibyshev yayiyinhloko-dolobha yokulondoloza i-USSR. Kulapha ekwindla enzima ka-1941 izinkonzo eziningi kanye neminyango, kanye nemishini yezokuxhumana, yakhishwa. Kakade phakathi nempi, kwakhiwa izindawo zokukhosela ezimbili ezinkulu. Manje sebebizwa "ngeBunker kaStalin" nangokuthi "iKunkin's Bunker". Indawo yokuhlala yokuqala ivulekele ukuvakashelwa; abantu bangaphandle abavunyelwe ukungena "eKalinin Bunker" - amamephu ayimfihlo nemibhalo kusagcinwa lapho. Ngokombono wenduduzo yansuku zonke, izindlu zokukhosela azilutho olukhethekile - zihlotshisiwe futhi zinikezwe ngomoya wokuzincisha okuvamile kukaStalin. Lezi zindawo zokuhlala zixhumene, okwenza kube namahemuhemu aqhubekayo mayelana nedolobha elikhulu elingaphansi komhlaba elimbiwe eduze kwaseSamara. Esinye isikhathi amahemuhemu asenqatshiwe: izindlu zokukhosela zazingakhiwa yiziboshwa, kodwa zakhiwa ngabakhi bamahhala abavela eMoscow, eKharkov naseDonbass. Ekupheleni kokwakhiwa ngo-1943, abazange badutshulwe, kodwa bathunyelwa komunye umsebenzi.
"Endlini KaStalin"
6. USamara akazange adlise ngemuva ekukhiqizeni iziphuzo ezinamandla. Ohulumeni abangaphansi kwababusi abahlukahlukene bebehlala beshintshashintsha phakathi kombuso oqinile wombuso ekuthengisweni "kwewayini elicwengiweyo", okungukuthi, i-vodka, kanye nohlelo lokuhlengwa. Esimweni sokuqala, umbuso, ngosizo lwabantu abahlonishwayo, waqoka lo noma lowo muntu ukuthi abe yinhloko yokudayiswa kwevodka endaweni ethile. Kowesibili, ilungelo lokuhweba ngomhlophe omncane lagcwaliseka endalini - uma ukhokha inani elithile, ungathengisa ngisho nesifundazwe sonke. Kancane kancane safika ebhalansi: umbuso uthengisa utshwala ngokudayisa, abathengisi abazimele bathengisa ezitolo. Lolu hlelo luqale lwahlolwa ezifundazweni ezine, okubalwa kuzo iSamara. E-Samara ngo-1895, kwakhiwa idizili ngemali eyabiwa ivela kumgcinimafa. Yayitholakala ekhoneni lemigwaqo yanamuhla kaLev Tolstoy naseNikitinskaya, budebuduze nesiteshi sesitimela. Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokufinyelela kumthamo wokuklama, isitshalo, lapho kutshalwe khona ama-ruble angama-750,000, sakhokha kuphela intela yezimpahla ngesigidi ngasinye. Kamuva, iziphathimandla zaseSamara zakhuphula ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-11 esikhwameni semali minyaka yonke.
Isakhiwo se-distillery
7. Ukuvuselelwa kwesiko lokugubha uNyaka Omusha ngesihlahla sikaKhisimusi kuxhumene ngokungaqondile neKuibyshev. Eminyakeni yokuqala yamandla aseSoviet, izihlahla zazinganakwa, kepha kancane kancane uphawu oluhlala luhlaza lukaKhisimusi noNyaka Omusha lwasuswa empilweni yansuku zonke. Kuphela ngo-1935 lapho unobhala weCentral Committee ye-CPSU (b) uPavel Postyshev ngo-Eva Wonyaka Omusha ashicilela khona udaba lapho ayefuna khona ukubuyela emasikweni esihlahla sikaKhisimusi, ngoba noV.Lenin weza ekhaya lezintandane ngesihlahla sikaKhisimusi. Ngemuva kokuvunyelwa ezweni lonke, isihlahla saphinde saba uphawu lweholide lonyaka omusha. Futhi uPostyshev, ngemuva kwesinyathelo esinengqondo, waqokwa njengonobhala wokuqala wekomidi lesifunda laseKuibyshev leCPSU (b). Kepha inhloko entsha yesifunda yafika eKuibyshev hhayi ngesihlahla sikaKhisimusi nezipho, kepha ngokuzimisela kwabasubathi ukulwa nezitha zabantu - kwakungu-1937. I-Trotskyist, i-fascist kanye nezinye izinkulumo-ze ezinobutha eKuibyshev, ngokusho kukaPostyshev, azizange zihlangane nokuphikiswa okuthile. UPostyshev uthole ama-swastikas, ama-silhouette ka-Trotsky, Kamenev, Zinoviev nezinye izitha ezincwadini zokubhalela zesikole, emabhokisini omentshisi, nangokusikwa kwesoseji. Ukufuna okuthakazelisayo kukaPostyshev kwaqhubeka unyaka futhi kwabiza amakhulu ezimpilo. Ngo-1938 waboshwa wadutshulwa. Ngaphambi kokubulawa, wabhala incwadi yokuphenduka, lapho avuma khona ukuthi wayenza ngamabomu imisebenzi yobutha. Ngo-1956 uPostyshev wavuselelwa.
Mhlawumbe uPostyshev wayefana kakhulu noStalin?
8. Inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini eSamara yavela ngo-1851, kanti nehlazo elithi "Inspector General" kwaba ukwenziwa kwalo okokuqala. Iqembu lalingenayo indawo yalo, lalidlala endlini yomthengisi uLebedev. Ngemuva kokushiswa kwale ndlu, kwakhiwa ibhilidi elenziwe ngamapulangwe ngemali yabathengi. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, lesi sakhiwo sawohloka futhi sasihlala sidinga imali ebalulekile yokulungiswa. Ekugcineni, iCity Duma yathatha isinqumo: sokubhidliza ibhilidi kwakhiwe entsha, eyinhloko. Ngephrojekthi baphendukela kuchwepheshe - umakhi waseMoscow uMikhail Chichagov, owayesenamaphrojekthi wezinema ezine ngenxa yakhe. Umakhi wezakhiwo wethule lo msebenzi, kepha abakwaDuma banquma ukuthi i-facade ayigqokile ngokwanele, futhi kuzodingeka imihlobiso eminingi ngesitayela saseRussia. UChichagov ubuyekeze iphrojekthi futhi waqala ukwakha. Lesi sakhiwo, esabiza ama-ruble angu-170,000 (isilinganiso sokuqala kwakuyizi-ruble ezingama-85,000), savulwa ngo-Okthoba 2, 1888. Abahlali baseSamara bathande isakhiwo esihle, esibukeka njengekhekhe noma indlu kanodoli, futhi idolobha lathola indawo entsha yokwakha.
9. ISamara iyisikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke embonini yasemkhathini. Kulapha, esitshalweni seNqubekela phambili, lapho iningi lamarokhethi okwethulwa iziphuphutheki kanye nezikhumulo mkhathi emkhathini zikhiqizwa. Kuze kube ngo-2001, noma kunjalo, umuntu wayengazi kuphela ngamandla wamarokhethi esikhala kude. Bese kuvulwa iMnyuziyamu yeSikhala Samara, umbukiso omkhulu wayo okwakuyi rokhethi yeSoyuz. Ifakwe mpo, njengokungathi isendaweni yokuqala, lapho kusebenza khona isakhiwo somnyuziyamu. Isakhiwo seCyclopean, esicishe sibe ngamamitha angama-70 ukuphakama, sibukeka sihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Imnyuziyamu uqobo ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngengcebo yemibukiso. Ezitezi zalo ezimbili, kunezinto zansuku zonke zabadlali bezinkanyezi, kufaka phakathi ukudla okudumile okuvela kumashubhu, nezingxenye nezingcezu zobuchwepheshe besikhala. Kodwa abasebenzi Museum kakhulu ngalokwakhako basondela kudalwa eziyisikhumbuzo. Ungathenga ikhophi yokukhishwa kwephephandaba ngomyalezo mayelana nokuhamba ngendiza, izinto ezahlukahlukene ezincane ezinophawu lwesikhala, njll.
10. Kukhona umgwaqo omkhulu eSamara. Ukuyichaza, kufanele usebenzise igama elithi "sala kahle" kaningi kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, umasipala omkhulu waseSamara uqukethe ulayini owodwa neziteshi eziyi-10. Awukwazi ukuthatha umgwaqo omkhulu esiteshini sesitimela okwamanje. Kuze kube manje, inzuzo yabagibeli kubagibeli abayizigidi eziyi-16 kuphela ngonyaka (okuyinkomba embi kunazo zonke eRussia). Ithokheni yesikhathi esisodwa ibiza ama-ruble angama-28, abiza kakhulu kune-metro kuphela ezihlokweni ezinkulu. Into ukuthi umgwaqo omkhulu waseSamara wawunokusalela okuncane kakhulu kweSoviet. Ngokunjalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemetro manje kudinga imali eningi kunakwamanye amadolobha. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje (!) Imetro kaMasipala waseSamara yenza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa.
Imetro kaMasipala weSaratov ayiminyene
11. NgoMeyi 15, 1971, kwenzeka isigameko eKuibyshev ngaleso sikhathi, okungabizwa ngokuthi kunelukuluku, ukube kwakungekhona kowesifazane owashona. Ukaputeni womkhumbi wezimpahla owomile “Volgo-Don-12” uBoris Mironov akazange abale ubude bekhanda lezimpahla lomkhumbi wakhe nejubane lamanje. Indlu yamasondo ka "Volgo-Don-12" ixhunywe ibhuloho lezimoto ngaphesheya kweSamara. Imvamisa ezimweni ezinjalo umkhumbi uhlangabezana nomonakalo omkhulu, kepha konke akuhambanga kahle. Isakhiwo esintekenteke se-wheelhouse sidilize ngokoqobo ubude besikhonkolo esiqiniswe ngamamitha ayishumi ubude, wavele wawela emkhunjini. Indiza ichoboze i-wheelhouse, ichitha uMironov, obengenaso isikhathi sokuphuma kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakamelo asohlangothini lwe-starboard achotshoziwe. Kwelinye lamakamelo kwakukhona unkosikazi kagesi womkhumbi owashonela khona lapho. Uphenyo lukhombisile ukuthi abakhi bebhuloho (lavulwa ngo-1954) abasilungisanga nakancane isikhathi sokuwa! Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho owabekwa icala ngokwenzekile, futhi indiza yabekwa ngemuva konyaka, futhi ngaphandle kokukuqinisekisa. Ngakho-ke uKuibyshev wangena emlandweni njengedolobha kuphela lapho umkhumbi wacekela khona ibhuloho.
12. Ngemuva kokuphunyuka eNgilandi, amalungu e "Cambridge Five" adumile (iqembu lamakhosi aseNgilandi asebenzisana neSoviet Union, odume kakhulu nguKim Philby) uGuy Burgess noDonald McLean bahlala eKuibyshev. UMcLean wafundisa isiNgisi ekolishi lothisha, uBurgess akazange asebenze. Babehlala endlini 179 kuFrunze Street. Womabili la ma-scouts ayazi kahle indlela yokuphila yaseSoviet. Unkosikazi kaMaclean nezingane zakhe bafika ngokushesha. UMelinda McLean wayeyindodakazi yesigidigidi saseMelika, kodwa ngokuthula waya emakethe, wageza, wahlanza indlu. Kwakunzima kakhulu kuBurgess, kodwa ngokwengqondo nje kuphela - eLondon wayejwayele impilo enomsindo, amaphathi, njll. Kwakudingeka abekezelele iminyaka emibili - ama-scouts afika eKuibyshev ngo-1953, futhi awahlukanisa ngo-1955. Avakashela eKuibyshev naseKim Philby. Ngo-1981, wahamba ngeVolga wahlangana nozakwabo beKGB yendawo.
UDonald noMelinda McLean e-USSR
UGuy Burgess
13. Ngo-1918, izakhamizi zaseSamara zazinosuku lapho, ngokwesisho sesimanje, iloli elinesinkwa sejinja laphenduka emgwaqweni wazo. Ngo-Agasti 6, amayunithi abomvu, efunda ngemashi esheshayo yamasosha kaColonel Kappel, abaleka eKazan, ashiya izinqolobane zegolide zombuso waseRussia. UMhlophe wayethutha igolide nezinto eziyigugu emikhunjini emithathu eya eSamara. Lapha uhulumeni wasekhaya, okuthiwa iKomidi loMkhandlu Wokhetho, wezwa ngokufika kwempahla ebalulekile kuphela kubaphathi bemikhumbi. Amathani egolide nesiliva, izigidigidi zama-ruble emananini abhalwe emgqonyeni usuku ngalunye, zigadwe ngamasosha ambalwa. Kusobala ukuthi amahemuhemu ngale freebie enjalo asakazeka kulo lonke idolobha njengomlilo wequbula, futhi ukuphela komhlaba kwaqala ophahleni. Kodwa-ke, izinga lomunyu lalisezingeni eliphansi impela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi akekho owaqala ukudubula isixuku (ngemuva konyaka, labo ababelangazelela igolide babeyogundwa ngezibhamu zemishini). Yigolide elingakanani elantshontshwa yizakhamuzi zaseSamara alaziwa, laze lawela ezandleni zama-White Czechs, babecabanga kanjalo: plus noma minus ten tons. Izitofu zase zifudunyezwa ngokushesha ngemibhalo yasebhange ...
UColonel Kappel wayeyilaconic
14. Iqiniso lokuthi iziboshwa zempi zaseJalimane zabamba iqhaza ekubuyiselweni kwangemva kwempi kweSoviet Union kuliqiniso elaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu.Kepha e-USSR, kufaka phakathi eKuibyshev, izinkulungwane zamaJalimane akhululekile ngokuphelele (zasebenza), zisiza ukuqinisa amandla okuvikela izwe. Izitshalo zeJunkers neBMW, zilungele ukukhiqiza izinjini zezindiza zomoya, zawela endaweni yaseSoviet. Ukukhiqizwa kwaqaliswa ngokushesha, kepha ngo-1946 ababambisene nabo baqala ukubhikisha - ngokwesivumelwano sasePotsdam, kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhiqiza izikhali nemishini yezempi ezindaweni zomsebenzi. ISoviet Union yagcwalisa imfuneko - kwathathwa abasebenzi bamafektri kanye namahhovisi okuklama, kanye nengxenye yemishini, baya eKuibyshev, bafakwa edolobhaneni lase-Upravlenchesky. Sekukonke, kwalethwa ongoti abangaba ngu-700 namalungu ayi-1200 emindeni yabo. AmaJalimane aqondisiwe abambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezinjini emahhovisi amathathu okuklama kuze kube ngo-1954. Kodwa-ke, babengacasukile kakhulu. Izimo zokuphila zanciphisa ukukhumbula ekhaya. AmaJalimane athola ama-ruble afinyelela ku-3 000 (onjiniyela baseSoviet babenenani eliphezulu le-1,200), baba nethuba lokwenza i-grocery nokwenza ama-oda wezimpahla, futhi bahlala ezindlini nazo zonke izinto (ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi).
AmaJalimane eKuibyshev. Isithombe somunye wonjiniyela
15. NgoFebhuwari 10, 1999, uSamara waboniswa kuzo zonke izindaba nasemakhasini angaphambili awo wonke amaphephandaba. Cishe ngabo-6 ntambama, isikhulu esisebenza emnyangweni wezangaphakathi wezindaba zedolobha sabikela abomnyango wezicishamlilo ukuthi umlilo uqalile ekwakheni umnyango wezamaphoyisa. Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yabacimi-mlilo, umlilo wakwazi ukuwuthola kuphela emva kwamahora ama-5, futhi umlilo wacinywa kuphela ngehora lesihlanu ekuseni. Njengomphumela womlilo, kanye nofaka ubuthi ngemikhiqizo yomlilo kanye nokulimala okutholwe ngenkathi bezama ukweqa esakhiweni esivuthayo (abantu bagxumeka ngamafasitela ezitezi ezingenhla), kubulawe amaphoyisa angama-57. Uphenyo, olwathatha unyaka nohhafu, lwafika esiphethweni sokuthi umlilo uqale ngosikilidi ongacimekiyo owaphonswa kudoti wepulasitiki ehhovisi uNombolo 75, osesitezi sesibili sebhilidi le-GUVD. Ngemuva kwalokho umlilo kuthiwa usabalale phansi. Lezi zitezi zaziqukethe izingqimba ezimbili zezingodo, isikhala phakathi kwaso sasigcwele imfucumfucu ehlukahlukene ngenkathi kwakhiwa. Njengoba wazi, umlilo, ngokungafani nokushisa, usakazeka kabi kakhulu, ngakho-ke inguqulo yophenyo ibibukeka inganyakazi kakhulu. IHhovisi LoMshushisi Jikelele likuqonde lokhu. Isinqumo sokuvalwa kwecala sikhanseliwe, uphenyo lusaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla.
