Amaqiniso angama-25 ngempilo nomsebenzi kaKonstantin Paustovsky * Amaqiniso

UKonstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892 - 1968) waba yizincwadi zakudala zaseRussia ngesikhathi esaphila. Imisebenzi yakhe yafakwa kwikharikhulamu yesikole yezincwadi njengezibonelo ze-landscape prose. Amanoveli kaPaustovsky, ama-novellas nezindaba ezimfishane zazithandwa kakhulu eSoviet Union futhi zahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi zakwamanye amazwe. Imisebenzi engaphezulu kweshumi neyodwa yabhalwa eFrance kuphela. Ngo-1963, ngokocwaningo olwenziwe elinye lamaphephandaba, uK. Paustovsky wahlonishwa njengombhali odume kakhulu e-USSR.

Isizukulwane sikaPaustovsky sidlule ukhetho lwemvelo olunzima kakhulu. Ezingqubuzweni ezintathu nasezimpini ezimbili, kwasinda abanamandla nabaqine kakhulu. Ku-Tale of Life yakhe, umbhali, kunjengokungathi, ngokunganaki futhi enohlobo oluthile lokuncika, ubhala ngokubulawa, indlala nobunzima basekhaya. Wanikela ngamakhasi amabili kuphela ekuzameni kwakhe ukubulawa eKiev. Kakade ezimweni ezinjalo, kubonakala sengathi, asikho isikhathi samazwi nobuhle bemvelo.

Kodwa-ke, uPaustovsky wabona futhi wabazisa ubuhle bemvelo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Futhi njengoba esejwayelene neRussia Ephakathi, wanamathela emphefumulweni wakhe. Kukhona abaphathi bezwe abenele emlandweni wezincwadi zaseRussia, kepha kwabaningi babo ukubukeka komhlaba kuyindlela nje yokwakha imizwa efanelekile kumfundi. Amathafa kaPaustovsky azimele, kuwo imvelo iphila impilo yayo.

Ku-biography ka-K.G.Paustovsky kukhona okukodwa kuphela, kepha ukungaqondakali okukhulu kakhulu - ukungabikho kwemiklomelo. Umbhali washicilelwa ngokuzithandela okukhulu, waklonyeliswa nge-Order of Lenin, kepha uPaustovsky akazange anikezwe imiklomelo kaLenin, uStalin noma uMbuso. Kunzima ukuchaza lokhu ngokushushiswa kwemibono - ababhali babehlala eduzane ababephoqeleka ukuhumusha ukuze bathole ucezu lwesinkwa okungenani. Ithalente nokuthandwa kukaPaustovsky kwaqashelwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yesizotha esingavamile sombhali. I-Writers 'Union yayiseyi-cesspool. Kwakudingeka ukuba kube nozungu, ukujoyina amaqembu athile, ukubopha othile, ukuthopha umuntu, okwakungamukeleki kuKonstantin Georgievich. Kodwa-ke, akazange akhombise ukuzisola. Ebizweni langempela lomlobi, uPaustovsky wabhala, "azikho izidalwa ezingamanga, noma ukuqhosha okuqhakazile ngumbhali ngendima yakhe ekhethekile."

UMarlene Dietrich waqabula izandla zombhali wakhe amthandayo

1. K. Paustovsky wazalelwa emndenini wesazi sezibalo zesitimela eMoscow. Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, umndeni wathuthela eKiev. Khona-ke, eyedwa, uPaustovsky wahamba cishe yonke iningizimu yeRussia ngaleso sikhathi: i-Odessa, iBatumi, iBryansk, iTaganrog, iYuzovka, iSukhumi, iTbilisi, iYerevan, iBaku futhi wavakashela nePersia.

IMoscow ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19

2. Ngo-1923 uPaustovsky wagcina esezinze eMoscow - uRuvim Fraerman, abahlangana naye eBatumi, wathola umsebenzi wokuba ngumhleli eROSTA (i-Russian Telegraph Agency, eyandulela i-TASS), wafaka igama lokuthi umngane wakhe. Umdlalo wamahlaya wesenzo esisodwa othi "A Day in Growth", owabhalwa ngenkathi esebenza njengomhleli, kungenzeka ukuthi waba yingxenye yokuqala kaPaustovsky emdlalweni.

URuben Fraerman akazange abhale nje kuphela i- "Wild Dog Dingo", kodwa futhi waletha uPaustovsky eMoscow

3. UPaustovsky wayenabafowabo ababili, abashona ngosuku olufanayo emaphethelweni eMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, nodadewabo. UPaustovsky naye wahambela phambili - wakhonza ngokuhleleka, kepha ngemuva kokushona kwabafowabo wakhululwa ebusosheni.

4. Ngo-1906, umndeni kaPaustovsky wahlukana. Ubaba waxabana nabaphathi bakhe, wavele wangena ezikweletini wabaleka. Umndeni ubuphila ngokuthengisa izinto, kodwa-ke lo mthombo wemali nawo womile - impahla yachazwa njengezikweletu. Ubaba wanikeza indodana yakhe incwadi ngasese lapho ayikhuthaza khona ukuthi iqine futhi ingazami ukuqonda lokho eyayingakakuqondi okwamanje.

5. Umsebenzi wokuqala owashicilelwa kaPaustovsky kwakuyindaba eyashicilelwa kumagazini waseKiev "Knight".

6. Ngenkathi uKostya Paustovsky esesigabeni sokugcina sezinkundla zokuzivocavoca eKiev, wavele wahlanganisa iminyaka eyikhulu. Kulesi senzakalo, uNicholas II wavakashela isakhiwo sokuzivocavoca. Waxhawula uConstantine, owayemi ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesakhiwo, wabuza igama lakhe. UPaustovsky wayekhona futhi enkundleni yemidlalo kusihlwa, lapho uStolypin ebulawa khona phambi kwamehlo kaNikolai.

7. Ukuhola okuzimele kukaPaustovsky kwaqala ngezifundo azenza njengomfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme. Ubuye wasebenza njengomqhubi we-conductor kanye ne-tram, othola igobolondo, umsizi wabadobi, ofunda ama-proof, kanti-ke nentatheli.

8. Ngo-Okthoba 1917, uPaustovsky oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala wayeseMoscow. Ngesikhathi kuliwa, yena nezinye izakhamuzi zomuzi wakhe enkabeni yedolobha bebehleli egumbini lomgcini. Lapho uKonstantin efika efulethini lakhe efuna izimvuthu, wabanjwa ngabasebenzi bezinguquko. Umkhuzi wabo kuphela, owayebone uPaustovsky endlini ngayizolo, owasindisa le nsizwa ukuthi ingadutshulwa.

9. Umeluleki nomeluleki wokuqala kaPaustovsky kwakungu-Isaac Babel. Kwakuvela kuye ukuthi uPaustovsky wafunda ngokukhipha ngesihluku "ukukhipha" amagama angenasidingo avela embhalweni. Ngokushesha uBabel wabhala ngamafuphi, njengokungathi ngembazo, wasika imishwana, wabe esehlupheka isikhathi eside, esusa izinto ezingadingekile. UPaustovsky, nezinkondlo zakhe, wakwenza kwaba lula ukunciphisa imibhalo.

U-Isaac Babel wabizwa ngokuthi i-kning knight yezincwadi ngenxa yokuba umlutha wobufushane

10. Iqoqo lokuqala lezindaba zombhali "Imikhumbi Ezayo" lanyatheliswa ngo-1928. Inoveli yokuqala ethi "Shining Clouds" - ngo-1929. Ngokuphelele, inqwaba yemisebenzi yashicilelwa nguK. Paustovsky. Imisebenzi ephelele ishicilelwe kumavolumu ayi-9.

11. UPaustovsky wayengumthandi wokushisekela ukudoba kanye nongqondongqondo wokudoba nakho konke okuxhumene nakho. Wayebhekwa njengomdobi wokuqala phakathi kwababhali, futhi abadobi bambona njengombhali wesibili phakathi kwabadobi ngemuva kukaSergei Aksakov. Lapho nje uKonstantin Georgievich ezulazula eMeshchera ngenduku yokudoba isikhathi eside - akazange alume ndawo, ngisho nalapho, ngokwezibonakaliso zonke, inhlanzi yayikhona. Ngokungazelelwe, umbhali wathola ukuthi inqwaba yabadobi yayihleli izungeze elinye lamachibi amancane. UPaustovsky akazange athande ukugxambukela kule nqubo, kodwa-ke akakwazanga ukumelana wathi ngeke kube nezinhlanzi kuleli chibi. Wayehlekwa - leyo nhlanzi kufanele ibe lapha, wabhala

UPaustovsky uqobo

12. K. Paustovsky wabhala ngesandla kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akakwenzanga ngomkhuba wakudala, kepha ngoba wayebheka ubuciko njengodaba olusondelene naye, futhi umshini wakhe wawufana nofakazi noma umlamuleli. Onobhala baphinde bashicilela le mibhalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, uPaustovsky wabhala ngokushesha okukhulu - ivolumu eqinile yendaba "Colchis" yabhalwa ngenyanga nje. Lapho ebuzwa ehhovisi lokuhlela ukuthi umlobi wasebenza isikhathi esingakanani emsebenzini, lesi sikhathi sabonakala singahlonipheki kuye, waphendula ngokuthi wasebenza izinyanga ezinhlanu.

13. E-Literary Institute, ngemuva nje kwempi, kwabanjwa izingqungquthela zikaPaustovsky - waqoqa iqembu lamasosha ayizolo langaphambili noma labo ababesemsebenzini. Kuleli qembu kuqhamuke i-galaxy ephelele yababhali abadumile: u-Yuri Trifonov, uVladimir Tendryakov, uYuri Bondarev, uGrigory Baklanov, njll. njll. Ngokukhumbula kwezitshudeni, uKonstantin Georgievich wayengumongameli ofanele. Ngenkathi abantu abasha beqala ukuxoxa ngodlame ngemisebenzi yamaqabane abo, akazange ayiphazamise ingxoxo, noma ngabe ukugxeka kwaba bukhali kakhulu. Kepha kwathi nje lapho umbhali noma ozakwabo bemgxeka eba ngumuntu uqobo, ingxoxo yaphazanyiswa ngokungenazwelo, futhi umenzi wobubi wayesengashiya izethameli kalula.

14. Umbhali wayekuthanda ngokweqile ukuhleleka kukho konke ukubonakaliswa kwakho. Wayehlala egqoka kahle, kwesinye isikhathi enesicoco esithile. Ukuhleleka okuhle bekuhlala kubusa emsebenzini wakhe nasekhaya lakhe. Omunye wabangane bakaPaustovsky waphelela efulethini lakhe elisha endlini eseKotelnicheskaya embhedeni ngosuku lokuhamba. Ifenisha yayivele ihleliwe, kodwa inqwaba enkulu yamaphepha yayilele phakathi kwelinye lamagumbi. Ngakusasa, kwakukhona amakhabethe akhethekile egumbini, futhi wonke amaphepha athathwa ahlukaniswa. Ngisho naseminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, lapho uKonstantin Georgievich egula kakhulu, wayehlala ephuma aye kubantu abagunde kahle.

15. K. Paustovsky wafunda ngokuzwakalayo yonke imisebenzi yakhe, ikakhulukazi yena noma amalungu omndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafunda cishe ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokusho, kunalokho ngokuzilibazisa futhi ngokunganaki, waze wehlisa ijubane ezindaweni ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, akakaze akuthande ukufundwa kwemisebenzi yakhe ngabalingisi emsakazweni. Futhi umbhali akakwazanga nhlobo ukuphakamisa izwi labadlali.

16. UPaustovsky wayengumxoxi wezindaba oncomekayo. Iningi lababazi abalalele izindaba zakhe kamuva bazisola ngokungazibhali phansi. Babelindele ukuthi uKonstantin Georgievich uzobashicilela kungekudala. Ezinye zalezi zindaba (uPaustovsky akazange agcizelele ubuqiniso bazo) zavela ngempela emibhalweni yombhali. Kodwa-ke, iningi lomsebenzi ka-Konstantin Georgievich ulahlekile ngokungenakuphikwa.

17. Umbhali akazange ayigcine imibhalo yakhe yesandla, ikakhulukazi eyokuqala. Lapho omunye wabalandeli ngokuphathelene nokushicilelwa okuhleliwe kweqoqo elilandelayo ethola umbhalo wesandla wenye yezindaba zokuvivinya umzimba, uPaustovsky waphinde wafunda ngokucophelela umsebenzi wakhe futhi wenqaba ukuwufaka eqoqweni. Indaba yabonakala ibuthaka kakhulu kuye.

18. Ngemuva kwesigameko esisodwa ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, uPaustovsky akazange asebenzisane nabenzi bamafilimu. Lapho kunqunywa ukuqopha i- "Kara-Bugaz", abenzi bamafilimu bayihlanekezela incazelo yendaba kakhulu ngokufaka kwabo ukuthi umbhali wethuka. Ngenhlanhla, ngenxa yezinkinga ezithile, le filimu ayikaze iyenze izikrini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uPaustovsky wenqabe ngokuphelele ukuvumelanisa ifilimu yemisebenzi yakhe.

19. Abenzi bamafilimu, noma kunjalo, akazange acasuke uPaustovsky, futhi phakathi kwabo wayehlonishwa kakhulu. Lapho ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930 uPaustovsky noLev Kassil bezwa ngosizi luka-Arkady Gaidar, banquma ukumsiza. Ngaleso sikhathi uGaidar wayengakayitholi imali yobukhosi yezincwadi zakhe. Ukuphela kwendlela yokwenza ngokushesha futhi ngokungathi sína ukuthuthukisa isimo sezezimali sombhali kwaba ukuqopha umsebenzi wakhe. Umqondisi u-Alexander Razumny uphendule ukukhala kukaPaustovsky noKassil. Uthumele uGaidar ngesikripthi futhi waqondisa ifilimu ethi "Timur neThimba Lakhe". UGaidar uthole imali njengomlobi wesikrini, bese ebhala noveli enegama elifanayo, eligcine lixazulule izinkinga zakhe zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukudoba no-A. Gaidar

20. Ubudlelwano bukaPaustovsky nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini babungebuhle njengaku-cinema, kodwa futhi kunzima ukubabiza ngokufanelekile. UKonstantin Georgievich wabhala umdlalo ngePushkin (Our Contemporary) eyalelwe yiMaly Theatre ngo-1948 ngokushesha okukhulu. In the yaseshashalazini, kwaba yimpumelelo, kodwa Paustovsky wayengajabule neqiniso lokuthi umqondisi wazama ukwenza ukukhiqizwa ibe namandla ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yokuvezwa ezijulile abalingiswa.

21. Umbhali wayenabafazi abathathu. Ngowokuqala, uCatherine, wahlangana esitimeleni se-ambulensi. Bashada ngo-1916, bahlukana ngo-1936, lapho uPaustovsky ehlangana noValeria, owaba ngumkakhe wesibili. Indodana kaPaustovsky evela emshadweni wakhe wokuqala, uVadim, wanikela ngempilo yakhe yonke ekuqoqeni nasekugcineni izinto zikayise, azidlulisela e-K. Paustovsky Museum Center. Umshado noValeria, owathatha iminyaka engu-14, wawungenangane. Unkosikazi wesithathu kaKonstantin Georgievich wayengumlingisi odumile uTatyana Arbuzova, owayenakekela umbhali waze wafa. Indodana yalomshado, u-Alexei, yahlala iminyaka engama-26 kuphela, kanti indodakazi ka-Arbuzova uGalina isebenza njengomgcini we-Writer's House-Museum eTarusa.

NginoCatherine

NoTatiana Arbuzova

22. UKonstantin Paustovsky washona eMoscow ngoJulayi 14, 1968 eMoscow. Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe yayinzima kakhulu. Wayenesikhathi eside ehlushwa yi-asthma, ayejwayele ukuyilwa ngosizo lwama-inhalers okuzenzela awenziwe ngezandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhliziyo yami yaqala ukuba nobudlova - ukuhlaselwa inhliziyo kathathu nenqwaba yokuhlaselwa okungathi shu. Noma kunjalo, kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, umbhali wahlala ezinhlwini, eqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wobuchwepheshe ngangokunokwenzeka.

23. Uthando lomhlaba wonke lukaPaustovsky alukhonjiswanga ngezigidi zamakhophi ezincwadi zakhe, hhayi imigqa yokubhalisela lapho abantu babemi khona ebusuku (yebo, imigqa enjalo ayivelanga nama-iPhones), futhi hhayi imiklomelo yombuso (ama-oda amabili we-Red Banner of Labour ne-Order of Lenin). Edolobhaneni elincane laseTarusa, lapho uPaustovsky ahlala khona iminyaka eminingi, amashumi, uma kungenjalo amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu eza ukuzobona umlobi omkhulu ohambweni lwakhe lokugcina.

24. Ababizwa ngokuthi "yizazi zentando yeningi" ngemuva kokushona kukaK. Paustovsky bavuka bamenza isithombe sezincibilikisi. Ngokusho kwekhathekizimu labalandeli baka "thaw", kusuka ngoFebhuwari 14, 1966 kuya kuJuni 21, 1968, umbhali wayehlanganyela kuphela ekusayineni izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikhalazo, izikhalazo, ubufakazi kanye nezikhalazo zokubhala. UPaustovsky, owahlaselwa isifo senhliziyo kathathu, ehlushwa uhlobo olubi lwe-asthma eminyakeni emibili edlule yempilo yakhe, kuvele ukuthi wayekhathazekile ngendlu yokuhlala ka-A. Solzhenitsyn eMoscow - - uPaustovsky wasayina isicelo sendawo enjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi omkhulu wemvelo yaseRussia wanikeza incazelo enhle ngomsebenzi ka-A.Sinyavsky no-Y.Daniel. UKonstantin Georgievich naye wayekhathazeke kakhulu mayelana nokuvuselelwa okungenzeka kukaStalin (wasayina “Incwadi 25”). Wayekhathazekile nangokugcina indawo yomqondisi omkhulu weTaganka Theatre, u-Y. Lyubimov. Kukho konke lokhu, uhulumeni waseSoviet akazange amnikeze imiklomelo yabo futhi wavimba umklomelo weNobel Prize. Konke kubukeka kunengqondo impela, kepha kunokuhlanekezelwa okujwayelekile kwamaqiniso: Ababhali basePoland baqoka uPaustovsky weNobel Prize emuva ngo-1964, kanti nemiklomelo yaseSoviet yayinganikezwa phambilini. Kepha kubo kwakukhona ozakwabo ababenobuqili ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lokhu “kusayina” kubukeka njengokusebenzisa igunya lomuntu ogulela ukufa - ngeke bamenze lutho, futhi eNtshonalanga isiginesha yombhali yayinesisindo.

25. Impilo yokuhambahamba kaK. Paustovsky yashiya uphawu ekuqhubekeni kwememori yakhe. Izindlu zomnyuziyamu zombhali zisebenza eMoscow, eKiev, eCrimea, eTarusa, e-Odessa kanye nedolobhana laseSolotcha esifundeni saseRyazan, lapho uPaustovsky naye ayehlala khona. Kwakhiwe izikhumbuzo zomlobi e-Odessa naseTarusa. Ngo-2017, iminyaka engu-125 yokuzalwa kukaK. Paustovsky yagujwa kabanzi, kwaba nemicimbi engaphezu kwekhulu kulo lonke elaseRussia.