Kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule, okuyinto, okuxakayo ukuthi, kwaqondana nokusabalala kwe-Intanethi esheshayo, izigidi zamakhophi ziye zaphulwa ezingxabanweni ngolimi lwase-Ukraine. Abanye bafuna ukuthi okungenani bonke abantu base-Ukraine bakhulume ulimi lwasendulo, olwashushiswa kanzima eMbusweni waseRussia naseSoviet Union. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi isi-Ukraine kungaba ulimi lokufakelwa noma alukho nhlobo, futhi abashisekeli bezwe bazama ukudlulisa ulimi lwesiRussia njengolimi. Othile ukhuluma ngomculo ovame ukubonwa wase-Ukraine, bese omunye ephikisa lezi zingxabano ngezibonelo ezivela kusilulumagama sabethuli be-TV base-Ukraine (“avtivka”, “chmaroocos”, “parasolka”).
Iqiniso alikho ndawo phakathi. Izingxoxo zefilosofi sezikhulile zaba ezombusazwe, futhi kulezi, akekho ongathola iqiniso elisobala. Kusobala ukuthi kukhona ulimi (isandiso, uma uthanda) olukhulunywa ngabantu abayizigidi eziningana. Kukhona uhlelo lolimi oluthuthukiswe kahle, kunezichazamazwi, izinhlelo zokufundisa ezikoleni, kanye nemikhuba yolimi evuselelwa njalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba khona nokuthuthuka kolimi olulodwa, futhi okuncane kakhulu kunalokho ngokombono wesayensi noma wezobuchwepheshe, akunakuba isizathu sokucindezela ezinye izilimi nezikhulumi zazo. Imizamo yengcindezelo enjalo ibuye ibangele impendulo, futhi hhayi njalo ukusabela okwanele.
1. Ngokwenguqulo eyamukelwe emphakathini wesayensi wase-Ukraine, ulimi lwesi-Ukraine lwavela phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-10 kanye neyesi-5 BC. Ungumzukulu oqondile weSanskrit.
2. Igama elithi "Ukraine" lavama kuphela ngemuva kwezinguquko zika-1917. Yebo, lolu limi lwasemaphethelweni aseningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yoMbuso WaseRussia, laze lwaluhlukanisa nolimi lwesiRussia, lwalubizwa nge- “Ruska”, “Prosta Mova”, “Little Russian”, “Little Russian” noma “South Russian”.
3. Ngokwe-encyclopedia yamazwe omhlaba i-Encarta, isi-Ukraine wulimi lwendabuko lwabantu abayizigidi ezingama-47. Izilinganiso eziqaphe kakhudlwana zibiza lesi sibalo izigidi ezingama-35-40. Cishe inani elifanayo labantu likhuluma isiPolish nezilimi eziningi ezikhulunywa eNdiya nasePakistan.
4. Ifilimu ehola kakhulu ngolimi lwase-Ukraine kuyo yonke iminyaka yenkululeko yathola imali eyizigidi ezingama- $ 1.92 ebhokisini. Umdlalo wamahlaya othi "Umshado Uyashiwo" ("Umshado Ohlanyayo") uhlala ungumpetha webhokisi lamabhokisi, ngesabelomali sika- $ 400,000.
5. Asikho uphawu oluqinile ngolimi lwase-Ukraine, kodwa kukhona uphawu oluthambile. Kodwa-ke, ukungabikho kophawu oluqinile kungenzeka kube uphawu lokuqhubeka. NgesiRashiya, isibonelo, yenza kuphela isipelingi. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwesipelingi ngo-1918 eSoviet Russia, izinhlamvu ezithi “ъ” zasuswa ngenkani ezindlini zokuphrinta ukuze zingaphrinti ama-periodicals nezincwadi “ngendlela yakudala” (futhi zazingekho lezo zinhlamvu kubabhali bokubhala). Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwama-1930s, esikhundleni sophawu olunzima, isifaniso sifakwa ngisho nasezincwadini, futhi ulimi aluzange luhlupheke.
6. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani u-Alexander Balabanov ongasekho akhetha iChicago njengendawo yezigemegeme zeqhawe uViktor Sukhorukov kwifilimu ethi “Mfowethu 2”, kodwa umbhalo ongezansi wase-Ukraine ezenzakalweni zaseMelika zikaViktor Bagrov ulungile. IChicago nezindawo ezakhelene nayo, ebumbene eCook County, ayigcini nje ngokuba yikhaya labahlali base-Ukraine abakhulu kunabo bonke e-United States. Kulesi sifunda, uma unesisebenzi esikhuluma isi-Ukraine, ungaxhumana neziphathimandla zikamasipala ngesi-Ukraine.
7. Ingoma yesi-Ukraine okokuqala futhi kuze kube manje okokugcina kube phambili embukisweni wesigaba sase-Ukraine sokusingathwa kwamavidiyo ku-YouTube esontweni eledlule likaJuni 2018. Kwaphela isonto umugqa wokuqala wesilinganiso ubuthathwe yingoma ethi "Ukukhala" kweqembu (ngesi-Ukraine iqembu lomculo libizwa nge- "hert") "Kazka". Ingoma yahlala phezulu phezulu isonto lonke.
8. Inkulumo evela kwifilimu ethi "Mfowethu 2" ikhombisa isici sefonetiki esithakazelisayo solimi lwase-Ukraine. Lapho uViktor Bagrov edabula imingcele e-United States (“Inhloso yokuvakasha kwakho? - Ah, New York Film Festival!”), Ngisho nonogada ongumngcele wase-Ukraine ukhuza ngokucophelela: “Une-apula, salO e?” - Ngolimi lwase-Ukraine, "o" esimeni esingacindezelekile akukaze kwehliswe futhi kuzwakale kufana nokucindezelwa.
9. Umsebenzi wokuqala wezincwadi owashicilelwa ngolimi lwase-Ukraine kwakuyinkondlo ethi "Aeneid" ka-Ivan Kotlyarevsky, eyashicilelwa ngo-1798. Nayi imigqa evela enkondlweni:
10. Abathathu abaqalekisiwe bakhukhumala, nolwandle lwabhonga kakhulu; Bazithulula ngezinyembezi zeTrojans, u-Eneya unakekela impilo yakhe; Bonke abefundisi rozchukhralo, Bagatsko vіyska banyamalala lapha; Ngemuva kwalokho sathola konke ikhulu! UYeney uyamemeza, "Ngingamaphenathi eNeptune Pivkopi esandleni selanga, u-Abi olwandle isiphepho sesidlulile." Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kumagama angama-44, i- "chavnik" ("isikebhe" kuphela) engenazo izimpande zaseRussia.
11. Umbhali u-Ivan Kotlyarevsky uthathwa njengomsunguli wolimi lwemibhalo lwase-Ukraine kanye nomuntu owaluhlaza. Izincazelo zisebenza njengoba kufunwa ngumongo wezepolitiki. Kuphakathi kokuthi u-I.P. ). UKotlyarevsky ngokwakhe ubheka ulimi lwemisebenzi yakhe "njengolimi oluncane lwaseRussia".
12. Uma ngesiRashiya izinhlamvu eziphindwe kabili ziyinhlanganisela yokupela isipelingi, khona-ke ngesi-Ukraine zisho imisindo emibili ncamashi (kaningi kakhulu kube munye, kepha yinde kakhulu). Lokho wukuthi, igama lesi-Ukraine "izinwele" alibhalwanga kuphela ngezinhlamvu ezimbili "s", kepha liphinde labizwa "hair-sya". Futhi okuphambene nalokho, amagama amaningi abhalwe ngolimi ngezinhlamvu eziphindwe kabili ngesi-Ukraine abhalwe ngawodwa - "isigaba", "trasa", "iqembu", "ikheli", njll. Ngendlela, igama lokugcina, njengaseRussia, inezincazelo ezimbili: "indawo noma indawo yokuhlala" noma "ukubingelela noma isikhalazo esakhiwe kahle." Kodwa-ke, ngolimi lwase-Ukraine, okuhlukile kuqala "ikheli", bese kuthi okwesibili kube “ikheli”.
13. Uma ucabanga ngokucabanga ngombhalo onevolumu yezinhlamvu eziyi-1 000, lapho kuzosetshenziswa khona zonke izinhlamvu zama-alfabhethi e-Ukraine ngokuya ngemvamisa, khona-ke lo mbhalo uzoqukatha izinhlamvu ezingama-94 "o", izinhlamvu ezingama-72 "a", izinhlamvu ezingama-65 "n", izinhlamvu ezingama-61 no ”(Okumenyezelwe), izinhlamvu ezingama-57“ i ”, izinhlamvu ezingama-55“ t ”, izinhlamvu ezi-6“ ϵ ”no“ ts ”ngalunye, no-1 u-f no-u ngamunye.
14. Amabizo “Ikhofi”, “kino” nelithi “idepho” ngolimi lwase-Ukraine awashintshi ngezinombolo nakumacala, kepha “ijazi” liyashintsha.
15. Ngokubheka ukwenziwa kwezepolitiki okwedlulele ngalolu daba, inani nesikhathi sokubonakala kwamagama abolekiwe ngolimi lwase-Ukraine kuyisizathu sezingxoxo ezishubile. Isibonelo, kwamukelwa ngokujwayelekile ukuthi cishe u-40% wamagama e-Ukraine abolekwe olimini lwesiJalimane, yize insimu yamanje nanoma iyiphi i-Ukraine ingakaze imingcele neJalimane nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwayo, ikakhulukazi - noMbuso wase-Austro-Hungary, futhi nangaleso sikhathi namaphethelo kazwelonke ... Kulokhu, abasekeli bomqondo mayelana nesikhathi sakudala sabase-Ukraine njengesizwe baphetha ngokuthi amagama abolekwe ngisho nangaphambi kwenkathi yethu, futhi ukubukeka kwabo kukhuluma ngamandla nosayizi omkhulu wombuso wasendulo wase-Ukraine. Abasekeli bendlela "yasebukhosini" emlandweni bachaza inani elingako lokubolekwa iqiniso lokuthi ulimi lwesi-Ukraine lwasungulwa eGerman General Staff ukuhlukanisa uMbuso WaseRussia.
16. Izigodi zikhona ngazo zonke izilimi ezikhulunywa ezindaweni ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, izilimi zesifunda zaseUkraine zehluke kakhulu kuzimpawu zokuphinyiselwa namagama. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kubahlali bezindawo ezisenkabeni nasempumalanga yezwe ukuqonda abamele izifunda ezisentshonalanga.
17. "I-Misto" - e-Ukraine "idolobha", "nedilia" - "NgeSonto", nase "vrodliva" - "enhle". "UMito" (obizwa ngokuthi [myto]) akayona "ihlanzekile, igeziwe", kodwa "umsebenzi".
18. Ngo-2016, kwanyatheliswa amakhophi wezincwadi angama-149 000 e-Ukraine e-Ukraine. Ngo-1974, inani elihambisanayo lalingamakhophi ayizigidi ezingu-1.05 - ukwehla izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-7.
19. Iningi lemibuzo yokusesha evela endaweni yase-Ukraine yimibuzo yolimi lwesiRussia. Inani lezicelo ngesi-Ukraine, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, lingaphakathi kwe-15-30%.
20. Olimini lwase-Ukraine kukhona igama elithi "umngcwabo" ebunyeni - "umngcwabo", kepha alikho igama elithi "umnyango" ebunyeni, kukhona "umnyango" kuphela.
